scholarly journals The Integration of Radiocarbon Dating in Archaeology

Radiocarbon ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
H T Waterbolk
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
The Past

In the past 30 years many hundreds of archaeologic samples have been dated by radiocarbon laboratories. Yet, one cannot say that 14C dating is fully integrated into archaeology. For many archaeologists, a 14C date is an outside expertise, for which they are grateful, when it provides the answer to an otherwise insoluble chronologic problem and when it falls within the expected time range. But if a 14C date contradicts other chronologic evidence, they often find the ‘solution’ inexplicable. Some archaeologists are so impressed by the new method, that they neglect the other evidence; others simply reject problematic 14C dates as archaeologically unacceptable. Frequently, excavation reports are provided with an appendix listing the relevant 14C dates with little or no discussion of their implication. It is rare, indeed, to see in archaeologic reports a careful weighing of the various types of chronologic evidence. Yet, this is precisely what the archaeologist is accustomed to do with the evidence from his traditional methods for building up a chronology: typology and stratigraphy. Why should he not be able to include radiocarbon dates in the same way in his considerations?

Radiocarbon Dates and New World Chronology

Antiquity ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 35 (140) ◽  
pp. 286-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Bushnell
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
New World ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Past ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

It is a commonplace of current archaeology that the publication of radiocarbon dates is revolutionizing our ideas of the past. Dr G. H. S. Bushnell, Curator of the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology in the University of Cambridge, England, has already published in ANTIQUITY and elsewhere some of his views on the impact of radiocarbon dating on New World chronology. Here he studies the whole problem in detail. He adopts the useful convention of referring to a date already fully published in the Radiocarbon Supplement to the American Journal of Science simply by its laboratory designation and number {thus K-554 is reading no. 554 of the Copenhagen Laboratory), but in some cases, where the date is not fully published, he gives fuller information.

Physics-Driven Machine-Learning-Based Borehole Sonic Interpretation in the Presence of Casing and Drillpipe

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Lin Liang ◽  
Ting Lei ◽  
Adam Donald ◽  
Matthew Blyth
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
New Method ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Dispersion Data ◽  
Logging While Drilling

Summary Interpretation of sonic data acquired by a logging-while-drilling (LWD) tool or wireline tool in cased holes is complicated by the presence of drillpipe or casing because those steel pipes can act as a strong waveguide. Traditional solutions, which rely on using a frequency bandpass filter or waveform arrival-time separation to filter out the unwanted pipe mode, often fail when formation and pipe signals coexist in the same frequency band or arrival-time range. We hence developed a physics-driven machine-learning-based method to overcome the challenge. In this method, two synthetic databases are generated from a general root-findingmode-search routine on the basis of two assumed models: One is defined as a cemented cased hole for a wireline scenario, and the other is defined as a steel pipe immersed in a fluid-filled borehole for the logging-while-drilling scenario. The synthetic databases are used to train neural network models, which are first used to perform global sensitivity analysis on all relevant model parameters so that the influence of each parameter on the dipole dispersion data can be well understood. A least-squares inversion scheme using the trained model was developed and tested on synthetic cases. The scheme showed good results, and a reasonable uncertainty estimate was made for each parameter. We then extended the application of the trained model to develop a method for automated labeling and extraction of the dipole flexural dispersion mode from other disturbances. The method combines the clustering technique with the neural-network-model-based inversion and an adaptive filter. Testing on field data demonstrates that the new method is superior to traditional methods because it introduces a mechanism from which unwanted pipe mode can be physically filtered out. This novel physics-driven machine-learning-based method improved the interpretation of sonic dipole dispersion data to cope with the challenge brought by the existence of steel pipes. Unlike data-driven machine learning methods, it can provide global service with just one-time offline training. Compared with traditional methods, the new method is more accurate and reliable because the processing is confined by physical laws. This method is less dependent on input parameters; hence, a fully automated solution could be achieved.

scholarly journals Identity and Conflict: Cultural Heritage, Reconstruction and National Identity in Kosovo

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Françoise Morel
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Hundredth Anniversary ◽  
The Past ◽  
Slobodan Milosevic

The year 1989 marked the six hundredth anniversary of the defeat of the Christian Prince of Serbia, Lazard I, at the hands of the Ottoman Empire in the “Valley of the Blackbirds,” Kosovo. On June 28, 1989, the very day of the battle’s anniversary, thousands of Serbs gathered on the presumed historic battle field bearing nationalistic symbols and honoring the Serbian martyrs buried in Orthodox churches across the territory. They were there to hear a speech delivered by Slobodan Milosevic in which the then-president of the Socialist Republic of Serbia revived Lazard’s mythic battle and martyrdom. It was a symbolic act aimed at establishing a version of history that saw Kosovo as part of the Serbian nation. It marked the commencement of a violent process of subjugation that culminated in genocide. Fully integrated into the complex web of tragic violence that was to ensue was the targeting and destruction of the region’s architectural and cultural heritage. As with the peoples of the region, this heritage crossed geopolitical “boundaries.” Through the fluctuations of history, Kosovo’s heritage had already become subject to divergent temporal, geographical, physical and even symbolical forces. During the war it was to become a focal point of clashes between these forces and, as Anthony D. Smith argues with regard to cultural heritage more generally, it would be seen as “a legacy belonging to the past of ‘the other,’” which, in times of conflict, opponents try “to damage or even deny.” Today, the scars of this conflict, its damage and its denial are still evident. However, there are initiatives that are now seeking to use heritage – architectural and otherwise – as a way of fostering respect and dialogue between the cultures still reeling from the effects of the conflict. Having been seen as an originating factor in the conflict and made into a target for attack during the war, heritage is now seen as a facilitator for peacekeeping. As is to be expected, this is a complex, polemic, fraught and contested process.

Frog Fast Muscle

1964 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. PENNYCUICK
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mechanical Power Output ◽  
Series Compliance ◽  
Release Method ◽  
Speed Of Shortening ◽  
Made In

1. Methods which have been used in the past for estimating internal series compliance are discussed. 2. A new method is described in which measurements of (a) rate of change of tension, and (b) speed of shortening are made in the isometric and isotonic phases respectively of a contraction containing a transition from one type of contraction to the other. If the mechanical power output of the muscle is assumed the same just before and just after the transition, the total series compliance can be obtained. 3. The method is found to agree with Wilkie's quick-release method, provided parallel elastic structures are not carrying significant tension at the transition.

Accurate Radiocarbon Dating of Archaeological Ash Using Pyrogenic Aragonite

Radiocarbon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B Toffolo ◽  
Lior Regev ◽  
Eugenia Mintz ◽  
Kristin M Poduska ◽  
Ruth Shahack-Gross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Isotopic Exchange ◽  
New Method ◽  
Mineral Phase ◽  
Density Separation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Unsolved Issue ◽  
Age Determinations

AbstractObtaining accurate age determinations from minerals in archaeological ash is a major unsolved issue in radiocarbon (14C) dating. This is because the original 14C content of calcite, the main component of ash, is altered by isotopic exchange. Pyrogenic aragonite, another mineral phase recently discovered in ash, might preserve its 14C signature through time. Using a new method based on density separation and step combustion, we were able to isolate and date aragonitic ash from an archaeological destruction horizon of known age. Here we show that the 14C age of aragonite matches the age of the destruction horizon. Our results demonstrate that pyrogenic aragonite is a short-lived material suitable for 14C dating and directly related to human activities involving the use of fire, thus bearing major implications for the establishment of absolute chronologies for the past 50,000 yr.

Studies on Preparation of Diet Microcapsules by Using Digitalization of Microfluids Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 562-565 ◽  
pp. 620-626
Author(s):  
Mei Yang ◽  
Li Ya Hou ◽  
Zong An Li ◽  
Li Li Mu ◽  
Wei Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
The Stability

The traditional methods used to prepare diet microcapsules have disadvantages of expensive, complicated operation and harsh preparation conditions and so on. In this paper, based on the Digitalization of Microfluids Technology, a new method for preparing and research diet microcapsules is proposed, in which a kind of electromagnet is used as the actuator. Two kinds of micronozzle, one is the single micronozzle, and the other one is micronozzle array, are used to prepare diet microcapsules, and the influence of the system parameters on the stability of microcapsule preparation is explored. Results show that the sizes of the diet microcapsules could be controlled by changing the inner diameter of the micronozzle, the diet microcapsules could be prepared efficiently and steadily by the frequency of 7-11Hz range cooperated with other system parameters. Compared with the traditional methods, this method has the advantages of low-cost, mild preparation conditions, good controllability, and no limit to material and so on. With these obvious advantages, the technology offers researchers a tool to prepare diet microcapsules contain a variety of nutrients.

scholarly journals Kuszenie historią: zwrot narracyjny we współczesnej powieści galicyjskiej

2018 ◽  
pp. 109-121
Author(s):  
Jarosław Poliszczuk
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
The Past

A review of modern historiography shows the traditional methods of the description of history and of appeals to certain private, subjective and emotional facts. In the context of this problem, the author researches novels of contemporary Ukrainian literature which have a historical background. These are The Pharmacist (2015) by Yuriy Vynnychuk, Felix Austria (2014) by Sophia Andruchovych and Kornelia (2015) by Nadia Morykvas. These writers don’t suggest an absolutely new concept of the past, but their interpretations of history show signs of a new method which hasn’t been invented just for today. Writers show history as the private experience of separate heroes, as in such an interpretation it takes the new plot. Such a literary position demonstrates a dissatisfaction with memorial culture, which is typical nowadays.

Radiocarbon Dating the Younge Tradition

1966 ◽  
Vol 31 (5Part1) ◽  
pp. 738-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Fitting
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Age Estimates

AbstractA series of radiocarbon dates from Younge Tradition sites in southwestern Michigan indicates that previous age estimates for the four suggested phases were too conservative. Corn agriculture was practiced throughout the Younge Tradition time range as indicated by an A.D. 700 date for the Sissung site (20 MR 5).

scholarly journals Contact-Era Chronology Building in Iroquoia: Age Estimates for Arendarhonon Sites and Implications for Identifying Champlain's Cahiagué

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sturt W. Manning ◽  
Jennifer Birch ◽  
Megan Anne Conger ◽  
Michael W. Dee ◽  
Carol Griggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Relative Dating ◽  
North American Archaeology ◽  
Calendar Dates ◽  
Age Estimates

Radiocarbon dating is rarely used in historical or contact-era North American archaeology because of idiosyncrasies of the calibration curve that result in ambiguous calendar dates for this period. We explore the potential and requirements for radiocarbon dating and Bayesian analysis to create a time frame for early contact-era sites in northeast North America independent of the assumptions and approximations involved in temporal constructs based on trade goods and other archaeological correlates. To illustrate, we use Bayesian chronological modeling to analyze radiocarbon dates on short-lived samples and a post from four Huron-Wendat Arendarhonon sites (Benson, Sopher, Ball, and Warminster) to establish an independent chronology. We find that Warminster was likely occupied in 1615–1616, and so is the most likely candidate for the site of Cahiagué visited by Samuel de Champlain in 1615–1616, versus the other main suggested alternative, Ball, which dates earlier, as do the Sopher and Benson sites. In fact, the Benson site seems likely to date ~50 years earlier than currently thought. We present the methods employed to arrive at these new, independent age estimates and argue that absolute redating of historic-era sites is necessary to accurately assess existing interpretations based on relative dating and associated regional narratives.

scholarly journals Dating correlated microlayers in oxalate accretions from rock art shelters: New archives of paleoenvironments and human activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (33) ◽  
pp. eabf3632
Author(s):  
Helen Green ◽  
Andrew Gleadow ◽  
Vladimir A. Levchenko ◽  
Damien Finch ◽  
Cecilia Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
System Behavior ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Synchronous Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Sample Characterization ◽  
Northwestern Australia

Oxalate-rich mineral accretions, often found in rock shelters around the world, offer important opportunities for radiocarbon dating of associated rock art. Here, sample characterization and chemical pretreatment techniques are used to characterize the accretions, prescreen for evidence of open-system behavior, and address potential contamination. The results provide stratigraphically consistent sequences of radiocarbon dates in millimeter-scale laminated accretions, demonstrating their reliability for dating rock art, particularly symbolic markings commonly engraved into these relatively soft deposits. The age sequences are also consistent with correlations between distinctive patterns in the layer sequences visible in shelters up to 90 km apart in the Kimberley region of northwestern Australia, suggesting their synchronized formation is not entirely shelter specific but broadly controlled by variations in regional environmental conditions. Consequently, these accretions also offer potential as paleoenvironmental archives, with radiocarbon dating of layers in nine accretions indicating four, approximately synchronous growth intervals covering the past 43 ka.

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