scholarly journals Liquid Scintillation 14C Spectrometry: Errors and Assurances

Radiocarbon ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Polach
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
High Background ◽  
Low Level

Liquid scintillation (LS) 14C spectrometry, using ultra low-level, high-efficiency and resolution α and β particle detection equipment is seen as an excellent tool supporting future 14C radiometry. Modern technology ensures electronic excellence: high-precision, small-sample (100mg) dating ability, flexibility of use for the detection of α and β particle emitting radioisotopes at and below natural abundance levels. Multiple applications to environmental research, supported by elegant software and commercial availability, are its attributes. However, mastering the new technology takes time as lessons learned in gas-proportional 14C radiometry and high-background counting are not directly applicable to ultra low-level 14C LS spectrometry using benzene as the counting medium. That discordant results can be obtained by any technique based on physical measurement is well established. This is demonstrated for 14C age determination by reference to an international cross-check organized by the University of Glasgow. Reasons for aberrations are explored and the question is raised if it is not timely to introduce the type of quality assurance practiced by other analytical disciplines. Better results will not only serve the daters and users but will generally enhance the value of worldwide 14C research.

scholarly journals Determination of 14C in Alcoholic Beverages

Radiocarbon ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 777-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Schönhofer
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Factors Influencing

A simple and quick method for the determination of 14C in ethanol has been developed, using an ultra low-level liquid scintillation counter. I have studied factors influencing the lower limit of detection and have shown that liquor can be measured directly without pretreatment. Results of measurements on Austrian wines are presented and compared with results obtained from tritium measurements. The applicability and limitations of the results to age determination are discussed.

Research of Ultra Precision Machining Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 476-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Ping Fan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Precision Machining ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Precision Grinding ◽  
Online Processing ◽  
Ultra Precision

Ultra-precision machining technology is adapt to the development of modern technology a new technology of mechanical processing, the new achievement of the development of the integrated application of the mechanical technology and modern electronic technology, measurement technology and computer technology in advanced control, testing method, etc., makes a further improve the precision of machining. At present the increasing maturity of the ultra precision machining, has formed a series, it include ultra precision cutting, super precision grinding and super precision grinding and super precision special processing, etc. Ultra-precision machining to high precision, high efficiency, large-scale, miniaturization, intelligent, process integration, the integration of online processing detection, such as green direction.

scholarly journals Small Sample 14C Dating by Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry

Radiocarbon ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Polach ◽  
Lauri Kaihola ◽  
Steve Robertson ◽  
Herbert Haas
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Good Resolution ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Age Limits ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Made In

Small sample 14C dating is tested using conventional as well as high-resolution low-level liquid scintillation (LS) spectrometers. Contrasted are the results obtained dating ∼25, 125 and 250mg of elemental carbon in standard size counting vials (3mL) and 0.3mL teflon and quartz vials. It is demonstrated that the improved performance of the 0.3mL counting vials enables just adequate resolution of 25mg and very good resolution of 100mg carbon samples both at Modern and Old age limits when the determination is made in a high-resolution low-level LS spectrometer.

Designing an Automated Composter for Food Waste Management with the Implementation of Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fakharulrazi ◽  
◽  
F. Yakub ◽  
M. N. Baba ◽  
L. F. Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Constant Attention ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Handling Cost ◽  
Unpleasant Odor ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Method

Composting food waste is a delicate procedure that requires specific infrastructure and machinery that can gradually transform the wastes to nutrient-rich manure. Nevertheless, it also desires a constant attention by experts to achieve a quality outcome. Therefore, automatic composting machinery is a promising new idea as modern technology is taking over the world with it high efficiency. The objective of this paper is to build a fully automated composting machine that can help to reduce food waste using a more efficient and environmentally friendly method. This machine has its special features of heating, cooling and grinding which is simple and easy to use for every consumer at just one touch of a button. In addition, it uses a special filter to eliminate unpleasant odor to ensure consumer’s space of mind. The composting process uses node microcontroller (MCU) to run its operation and Internet of Things (IoT) with a developed mobile application to measure the amount of food waste, current process and its moisture content before turning the waste into high nutrient flakes at around 10% of its original volume. It will also notify the consumer when the whole process is done and the final product is ready to use. The produced flakes are good for nurturing soils, use as fertilizer, and renewable source of energy or animal feed. The benefit is to help reduce handling cost of waste at landfill. Excessive logistical energy is required to send food waste to landfill if conventional equipment is applied. This product has a high potential to penetrate the end users who usually cooks at home and also the industrial food manufacturers whether from medium to large which produces a lot of raw waste. Essentially, this machine allows food waste, through implementation of IoT to be converted to usable fertilizer.

scholarly journals Determination of low-level biogenic gasoline, jet fuel, and diesel in blends using the direct liquid scintillation counting method for 14C content

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 120084
Author(s):  
Charles G. Doll ◽  
Andrew E. Plymale ◽  
Alan Cooper ◽  
Igor Kutnyakov ◽  
Marie Swita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Scintillation Counting ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Scintillation Counting ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Low Level

Staying the distance: Transforming Latin pedagogy at the Open University

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-128
Author(s):  
Mair E. Lloyd ◽  
James Robson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Open University ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Pedagogical Changes

Abstract Between 2000 and 2013, over 8,000 students studied the module Reading Classical Latin at the Open University, the United Kingdom’s largest distance education provider. But while many learners attained high grades, a significant proportion withdrew from study or failed the module. In 2015, the original module was replaced with a completely new course, Classical Latin: The Language of Ancient Rome. This article details the innovative ways in which new technology and pedagogical theory from Modern Foreign Language (MFL) learning were drawn on by the team designing this new module, resulting in a learning experience which gives greater emphasis to elements such as spoken Latin, the intrinsic pleasure of reading, and cultural context. The (largely positive) effects of these pedagogical changes on student success and satisfaction are subsequently analysed using a rich mix of qualitative and quantitative data. Finally, the authors reflect on lessons learned and the possibilities for future research and enhancement.

Predicting Change Prone Classes in Open Source Software

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa Godara ◽  
Amit Choudhary ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Rigorous Testing ◽  
Technology Changes ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

In today's world, the heart of modern technology is software. In order to compete with pace of new technology, changes in software are inevitable. This article aims at the association between changes and object-oriented metrics using different versions of open source software. Change prediction models can detect the probability of change in a class earlier in the software life cycle which would result in better effort allocation, more rigorous testing and easier maintenance of any software. Earlier, researchers have used various techniques such as statistical methods for the prediction of change-prone classes. In this article, some new metrics such as execution time, frequency, run time information, popularity and class dependency are proposed which can help in prediction of change prone classes. For evaluating the performance of the prediction model, the authors used Sensitivity, Specificity, and ROC Curve. Higher values of AUC indicate the prediction model gives significant accurate results. The proposed metrics contribute to the accurate prediction of change-prone classes.

High resolution low-level liquid scintillation β-spectrometer

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 949-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannu Kojola ◽  
Henry Polach ◽  
Jarmo Nurmi ◽  
Timo Oikari ◽  
Erkki Soini
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Low Level

Pushing 30 Years Multiple Brown Fields Limits Through Artificial Lift and Facilities Improvement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Hafizi Ariffin ◽  
Muhammad Idraki M Khalil ◽  
Abdullah M Razali ◽  
M Iman Mostaffa
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Submersible Pump ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Gas Well ◽  
Wellhead Pressure ◽  
Artificial Lift ◽  
Electrical Submersible Pump ◽  
Gas Lift

Abstract Most of the oil fields in Sarawak has already producing more than 30 years. When the fields are this old, the team is most certainly facing a lot of problems with aging equipment and facilities. Furthermore, the initial stage of platform installation was not designed to accommodate a large space for an artificial lift system. Most of these fields were designed with gas lift compressors, but because of the space limitation, the platforms can only accommodate a limited gas lift compressor capacity due to space constraints. Furthermore, in recent years, some of the fields just started with their secondary recovery i.e. water, gas injection where the fluid gradient became heavier due to GOR drop or water cut increases. With these limitations and issues, the team needs to be creative in order to prolong the fields’ life with various artificial lift. In order to push the limits, the team begins to improve gas lift distribution among gas lifted wells in the field. This is the cheapest option. Network model recommends the best distribution for each gas lifted wells. Gas lifted wells performance highly dependent on fluid weight, compressor pressure, and reservoir pressure. The change of these parameters will impact the production of these wells. Rigorous and prudent data acquisitions are important to predict performance. Some fields are equipped with pressure downhole gauges, wellhead pressure transmitters, and compressor pressure transmitters. The data collected is continuous and good enough to be used for analysis. Instead of depending on compressor capacity, a high-pressure gas well is a good option for gas lift supply. The issues are to find gas well with enough pressure and sustainability. Usually, this was done by sacrificing several barrels of oil to extract the gas. Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) is a more expensive option compared to a gas lift method. The reason is most of these fields are not designed to accommodate ESP electricity and space requirements. Some equipment needs to be improved before ESP installation. Because of this, the team were considering new technology such as Thru Tubing Electrical Submersible Pump (TTESP) for a cheaper option. With the study and implementation as per above, the fields able to prolong its production until the end of Production Sharing Contract (PSC). This proactive approach has maintained the fields’ production with The paper seeks to present on the challenges, root cause analysis and the lessons learned from the subsequent improvement activities. The lessons learned will be applicable to oil fields with similar situations to further improve the fields’ production.

Cement Conundrum: Valuable Lessons Learned for Sustaining Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Najmi Farhan binti Zulkipli
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Well Performance ◽  
Bond Quality ◽  
Quality Issue ◽  
Cement Integrity ◽  
Production Period ◽  
Cement Bond Quality

Abstract Addressing wellbore integrity through cement evaluation has been an evergreen topic which frequently catches major operators by surprise due to premature water or gas breakthrough causing low production attainability from the wells. Managing idle well strings arising from integrity issues is also a challenge throughout the production period. The remedial solutions to these issues do not come conveniently and require high cost during late life well intervention which often erodes the well economic limit. A critical element of wellbore barrier which is cement integrity evaluation is proposed to be uplifted and given a new perspective to define success criteria for producer wells to achieve certain reserves addition and production recovery. This paper will highlight integrated factors affecting cement bond quality, impact to well production, potential remedies for poor cement bond observed leveraging on the enhanced workflow and new technology and way forward to proactively prevent the unwanted circumstances in the first opportunity taken. A set of recommendations and prioritization criteria for future cement improvement will be also highlighted. Several case specific wells logged with variable cement bond evaluation tools are re-assessed and deep-dived to trace the root causes for unsatisfactory cement bond quality observed which include reservoir characteristics, understanding anomalies during drilling and cementing operation, identifying cement recipe used, log processing parameters applied and observing best practices during cementing operation to improve the quality. New and emerging cement evaluation technology inclusive of radioactive-based logging to meet specific well objectives will be also briefly discussed in terms of differences and technical deliverables. Looking at each spectrum, results show that there are several interdependent factors contributing to poor cement bond quality observed. Accurate understanding of formation behavior, designing fit-for-purpose cement recipe and adequate planning for cementing operation on well-by-well basis are among the top- notch approaches to be applied for an acceptable cement bond quality and placement. Statistics show that 27% to 64% of production attainability is achieved by wells with good cement quality within the first 3 months of production and this increases to 85% to 98% up until 7 months of production period, while only 12% production attainability achieved for those wells with adverse cement quality issue. In another well, water cut as high as 47% since the first day of production is observed which keeps increasing up to 40% thereafter. In a nutshell, cement evaluation exercise shall not be treated as vacuum, instead it requires an integrated foundation and close collaboration to materialize the desired outcomes. Arresting the issue with the right approach in the first place will be the enabler for optimum well performance and productivity to exceed the recovery target.

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