scholarly journals History of the Environment and Population of the Old Town of Klaipėda, Western Lithuania: Multidisciplinary Approach to the Last Millennium

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1003-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Kisielienė ◽  
Ieva Masiulienė ◽  
Linas Daugnora ◽  
Miglė Stančikaitė ◽  
Jonas Mažeika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Last Millennium ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The City

Progressive stages in the development of the Old Town region of the city of Klaipėda (in German, Memel) were ascertained by analyzing archaeological and historical data combined with an analysis of pollen, diatom, plant macrofossil, and osteological findings as cross-referenced with radiocarbon measurements. The port city of Klaipėda, located on the eastern part of the Baltic Sea, was an important political, economic, and religious center during the last millennium. In addition to its environmental history, the character of human activity and urbanization of the area during the 16th–17th centuries AD were examined. The chronology of these records is based on archaeological, historical, and 14C data. The results obtained indicate the predominance of a wet boggy environment and the presence of a pond in the investigated territory of Klaipėda during the late 15th and early 16th centuries AD. The formation of a new Danė River channel created an island town, resulting in a defensible residual area for the town inhabitants. An ongoing deposition of a cultural layer began in the mid-16th century AD. Rich zooarchaeological data found in this layer provided new details on human diet and exposed a predominance of domestic animals, especially cattle. Due to intensive amelioration of this area, layers of sandy and clayey deposits were formed during the second half of the 16th century AD. A significant presence of cultivars, ruderals, and weeds were recorded, indicating substantial human activity and increasing urbanization of the landscape. According to the paleobotanical, archaeological, and historical data, the culmination of this process took place at the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th centuries AD, when residential areas were established.

Against Fortifications: The Defense of Renaissance Bologna

1982 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Tuttle
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Military Architecture ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Charles V ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Economic Considerations ◽  
Comprehensive History ◽  
Written Sources

A comprehensive history of Renaissance military architecture cannot depend solely upon the evidence of built works and theoretical models. The revolution in gunpowder warfare that rendered medieval city walls obsolete around 1500 affected virtually all towns and cities, including those which failed or refused to construct fortifications in the modern manner. Bologna offers a good case in point: although large, wealthy, and strategically located within the Papal State, it consistently and successfully opposed new fortifications throughout the tumultuous 16th century. Drawing upon unstudied visual and written sources, this essay profiles the Bolognese anti-fortification tradition. On three notable occasions Bologna rejected advanced built defenses. Early in the cinquecento the city endured and then demolished a great citadel erected by Julius II; in the 1520s, when Bologna was menaced by the army of Charles V, it was able to avert attack without recourse to the kind of bastioned enceinte envisioned for it by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger; and during the 1560s the city's magistrates successfully frustrated refortification by diplomatic means. On each occasion political and economic considerations triumphed over the putative advantages of modern military architecture.

Procuring 230 Football Fields of Membrane - Strategy, Results and Lessons Learned

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-272
Author(s):  
J. Grundestam
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The City ◽  
The Eu

Stockholm is currently one of Europe’s fastest growing cities, with its population increasing by approximately 1.5% per year, corresponding to 15,000 to 20,000 people. Sweden’s commitment to the Baltic Sea Action Plan and the EU Water Directive will lead to more stringent effluent requirements (6 mg-Tot-N/l, 0.2 mg-Tot-P/l and 6 mg-BOD7/l), and wastewater treatment in Stockholm will require major investment to handle these challenges. As Stockholm Vatten’s two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) – Bromma, 320,000 people, and Henriksdal, 780,000 people – are both located in or near residential areas in the city, plant development must be coordinated with its needs on economic, political, sustainable and long-term bases. Both WWTPs being facilities located underground also pose a challenge for any extension works.

scholarly journals Uma história ambiental rio-grandina: o projeto “Adeus aos Lixões” e seus resultados

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
Hardalla Santos do Valle ◽  
Daniel Porciuncula Prado ◽  
Mário Fernando Carvalho Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Environmental Intervention ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The City

Resumo: Muito se discute sobre o que realmente deve ser feito para gerar um amanhã mais digno e igualitário, principalmente, dentro das universidades. Com efeito, o que estamos propondo neste trabalho é a análise sobre o projeto “Adeus aos lixões”, que colocou em prática a teoria adquirida na academia, construindo dessa forma uma intervenção socioambiental na comunidade rio-grandina. São questões de pesquisa deste artigo: Quais os resultados do projeto “Adeus aos lixões”? Essa intervenção teve resultados permanentes? Na busca pela aproximação desse cenário, foram escolhidas as metodologias da pesquisa bibliográfica e análise documental. Assim sendo o objetivo disseminar e fomentar novos conhecimentos acerca da História Ambiental da cidade do Rio Grande. Palavras-Chave: História Ambiental; Resíduos Sólidos; Meio Ambiente. Abstract There is debate about what should actually be done to generate a more worthy and equal tomorrow, mainly within universities. Indeed, what we are proposing in this paper is the analysis of the "Farewell to the dumps" project, which put into practice the theory gained in the gym, building that forms an environmental intervention in the River grandina community. Are research questions of this article: What are the results of the Project Goodbye to landfills? This intervention had permanent results? In the search for approximation of this scenario were chosen methodologies of literature review and document analysis. Therefore the objective to disseminate and promote new knowledge about the environmental history of the city of Rio Grande. Key-words: Environmental History; SolidWaste; Environment.

scholarly journals Ka Mua, Ka Muri-Walking Backwards into the Future: An Environmental History of the South Wairarapa Region 1984-2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Eleanor Jane Rainford
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The South ◽  
Neoliberal Reform ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
History Of The South

<p>‘Ka mua, ka muri’, Walking backwards into the future, is a Māori proverb that aptly describes the findings of this thesis. That we should look to the past to inform the future is arguably the purpose of history, yet we have to walk back far enough. Tracing back from the present, this thesis will address what has driven political, economic, environmental and social change within the South Wairarapa region from 1984 to the present day. The region has experienced significant changes to its physical and social environment over the past thirty years. Many modern historians have attributed the key changes of this period, such as agricultural intensification, diversification, rising unemployment and environmental degradation, to the economic re-structuring of the Fourth Labour Government. This thesis will argue that these changes, and neoliberal reform itself, are consequent of much longer historiographical trends. Examination of the historical context and legacies of the intensification of dairy farming, rise of the viticulture industry, and the relationship between Ngāti Kahungunu and Rangitāne o Wairarapa and their whenua, reveals complexities in the history of the region that histories of neoliberal change commonly conceal. The identification of these long running historiographical trends aides understanding of the historical context in which neoliberal reform occurred, and provides alternative narratives for the changes that have occurred over the past thirty years. Furthermore, it suggests alternative trajectories for how viticulture, agriculture and Te Ao Māori may walk into the future.</p>

scholarly journals Environmental History of an Early Spanish Settlement in the Visayas, Philippines: Excavations in the Parian District of Cebu City | Kasaysayang Pangkalikupan sa usa ka Karaang Puluy-anan Katsila sa Kabisay-an, Pilipinas: Mga Nakubkoban sa Distritong Parian, Lungsod sa Sugbu

SPAFA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Peterson ◽  
Archie Tiauzon ◽  
Mark Horrocks ◽  
Maria Kottermair
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Guadalupe River ◽  
History Of ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
The City

The Jesuit House was built in 1730 on land reclaimed from the Tinago Marsh at the edge of the early Spanish settlement of Cebu City, Philippines, two centuries after it was first encountered by the Spanish explorer Magellan. As the city expanded from its core areas ca. 1565 around Fort San Pedro, Plaza Independencia, and the sites of Santo Nino Church and the Cebu Cathedral, waterways were drained and filled, and canals were dredged to extend the urban Spanish grid. Archaeological excavations at the Jesuit House and in the nearby Casa Gorordo Annex project document these changes in the urban landscape. Soil profiles throughout the downtown coastal plain in conjunction with chronostratigraphic data from the excavations demonstrate its submergence during the late Holocene high sea still-stand, followed by dissection by local drainages and the Guadalupe River. Relict channels and distinct interfluvial terraces are observed showing a migrating series of channels along the shoreline as well as a distinct escarpment at the back of the plain that marked the limits of marine intrusion during the high still-stand. Visayans and Spanish settlers selected higher ground for settlement in the interfluves and modified lowland areas such as the marshlands one of which became the Parian District of urban Cebu. Archaeological investigations at the Jesuit House and the Casa Gorordo Annex document the environmental history as well as the transition from native to colonial lifeways at the edge of Empire.Ang Balay Hesuita natukod niadtong tuig 1730 pinaagi sa pagtambak og yuta sa Katunggan sa Tinago diha sa ngilit sa nag-unang nahimutangan sa mga Katsila sa Sugbu, Pilipinas, mga duha ka gatusan ka tuig human kini nakaplagan sa Katsilang manunuhid nga si Magallanes. Sa dihang nilapad ang lungsod, gibana-bana 1565, nga naglangkob sa Kotang San Pedro, Hawan Independencia, ug mga luna sa Simbahang Santo Nino ug Katedral sa Sugbu, ang mga katunggan gipahubas ug gitambaka’g yuta, ug ang mga kanal gihawas-asan aron sa pagpalugway sa gilapdon sa lungsuranong Katsila. Makita kining mga kausaban sa lungsod pinaagi sa mga nakubkuban sa mga arkeyologo sa Balay Hesuita ug sa Sumpay sa Balay Gorordo nga duol niini. Ang mga takilirang hulagway’ng yuta sa tibuok kabaybayunang patag sa maong lungsod, tali sa datos nga kronostratigrapiko nga nakuha pinaagi sa mga arkeyolohikong pangubkob nagapakita sa pagkalubog niini kaniadto sa kinatas-ang naabtan sa dagat sa panahon sa Holosino, gisundan kini sa pagtabas-tabas pinaagi sa mga gagmay’ng sapa ug sa Subang Guadalupe. Makita sa mga karaang giagian sa katubigan ug tataw’ng mga hinagdanan ang nagsunod-sunod nga mga agianan sa tubig subay sa baybayon ug ang mga tataw nga tagaytay sa likod sa patag nga maoy nagpaila kung asa taman niabot ang kadagatan sa panahon sa kintas-ang gihunungan niini kaniadto. Gipili sa mga lumolupyo nga Bisaya ug Katsila ang hataas nga mga lugar para ila kining puy-an taliwala sa mga dagayday ug ilang giusab ang mga basa nga mga lugar sa ubos niini, sama sa mga katunggan diin usa niini ang Ditritong Parian sa Sugbu. Ang mga pagtulun-ang arkeyologo sa Balay Hesuita ug sa Sumpay sa Balay Gorordo nagapakita sa kaagi sa kalikupan lakip na ang pag-usab gikan sa lumadnon ngadto sa kolonyal nga mga pamaagi sa kinabuhi diha sa ngilit sa Imperyo.

scholarly journals In Search of Gala Dali’s City of Birth

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Yakovleva Elena L. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Conflicting Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Birth Family ◽  
The City

The aim of the study was to find the birthplace of Elena Ivanovna (Dmitrievna) Dyakonova, known to the whole world under the name of Gala Dali. Documented sources about the woman’s city of birth have not been found so far, which led to the emergence of conflicting information. To achieve this goal, the author is looking for indirect documents confirming that Gala Dali was born in Kazan. For the first time, the problem is investigated based on archival data of her parents ‒ father Dmitry Ilyich Gomberg, who studied at the Imperial Kazan University from 1892 to 1895, and mother Antonina Petrovna Dyakonova. Analysis of documents found in the State Archives of the Republic of Tatarstan, articles by D. V. Malinovsky, grandson of the adopted son of D. I. Gomberg, memoirs and historical data helped to clarify the situation about the place of birth of the muse Dali and the plight of her family. The key research method is source study analysis of office documents, their comparison with historical data about everyday life and facts from the biography of Gala Dali. As a result of the research search, the place of birth of Elena Ivanovna/Dmitrievna Dyakonova was determined ‒ the city of Kazan, as evidenced by direct and indirect facts from the biographies of the parents and Gala herself, as well as the difficult life situation of the woman’s parents, their connection with revolutionary activities and mentioning in police circulars. This explains the reason why the woman did not like to remember the story of her birth and created numerous myths about the city of birth, family and living conditions. The data obtained can be used for further reconstruction of the history of the Gala family and her biography. Keywords: myth, Gala Dali, Kazan, city of birth, revolutionary activity, clerical documents of the fund of the office of the Imperial Kazan University of the State Archives of the Republic of Tatarstan, fear

scholarly journals Ka Mua, Ka Muri-Walking Backwards into the Future: An Environmental History of the South Wairarapa Region 1984-2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Eleanor Jane Rainford
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The South ◽  
Neoliberal Reform ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
History Of The South

<p>‘Ka mua, ka muri’, Walking backwards into the future, is a Māori proverb that aptly describes the findings of this thesis. That we should look to the past to inform the future is arguably the purpose of history, yet we have to walk back far enough. Tracing back from the present, this thesis will address what has driven political, economic, environmental and social change within the South Wairarapa region from 1984 to the present day. The region has experienced significant changes to its physical and social environment over the past thirty years. Many modern historians have attributed the key changes of this period, such as agricultural intensification, diversification, rising unemployment and environmental degradation, to the economic re-structuring of the Fourth Labour Government. This thesis will argue that these changes, and neoliberal reform itself, are consequent of much longer historiographical trends. Examination of the historical context and legacies of the intensification of dairy farming, rise of the viticulture industry, and the relationship between Ngāti Kahungunu and Rangitāne o Wairarapa and their whenua, reveals complexities in the history of the region that histories of neoliberal change commonly conceal. The identification of these long running historiographical trends aides understanding of the historical context in which neoliberal reform occurred, and provides alternative narratives for the changes that have occurred over the past thirty years. Furthermore, it suggests alternative trajectories for how viticulture, agriculture and Te Ao Māori may walk into the future.</p>

scholarly journals ALBRECHT VON BRANDENBURG´S SPEECH AT THE CORONATION OF SIGISMUND II AUGUST AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE BALTIC IN THE XVI CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (06) ◽  
pp. 07-16
Author(s):  
D.A. Bessudnov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Influence ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Models ◽  
The One ◽  
The Baltic

The struggle for control over trade routes in the Baltic Sea, which began in the 16th century, has left a controversial mark in the history of the Baltic states. On the one hand, it launched the processes of the formation of new state models, and on the other hand, it led to an internal crisis and the decline of some Baltic states, one of which was the Old Livonia. This article presents a previously unpublished document reflecting an important stage in the actualization of the system of ties between the figure of the Polish-Lithuanian monarch and the archbishops of Riga. This political and legal concept was used by Sigismund II Augustus to expand political influence and substantiate the legitimacy of his actions in Livonia on the eve and at the initial stage of the Livonian War. The prerogative of patronage of the Jagiellons connected to the medieval tradition and had a seignorial-paternalistic basis, subsequently playing the role of a legal basis for the final registration of citizenship relations. The document can be used to reconstruct the features of political consciousness characteristic of the legal field in the 16th century, as well as to expand ideas about the dynamics of the development of state and legal systems in the earlier modern era.

scholarly journals Seismic monitoring of urban activity in Barcelona during COVID-19 lockdown

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Diaz ◽  
Mario Ruiz ◽  
José-Antonio Jara
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Seismic Noise ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Seismic Amplitude ◽  
Seismic Sensors ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Seismic Vibrations ◽  
The City

Abstract. The city of Barcelona has been covered during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown by a dense seismic network consisting of up to 19 seismic sensors. This network has provided an excellent tool to investigate in detail the background seismic noise variations associated to the lockdown measures. Permanent stations facilitate to compare the seismic noise recorded during the lockdown quieting with long-term variations due to holiday periods. On the other hand, the data acquired by the dense network show the differences between sites located near industrial areas, transportation hubs or residential areas. The results confirm that the quieting of human activity during lockdown has resulted in a reduction of seismic vibrations in the 2–20 Hz band clearly higher than during holiday seasons. This effect is observed throughout the city, but only those stations not affected by very proximal sources of vibration (construction sites, industries) are clearly correlated with the level of activity denoted by other indicators. Our contribution demonstrates that seismic amplitude variations can be used as a proxy for human activity in urban environments, providing details similar to those offered by other mobility indicators.

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