Mysticism without Love

1974 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264
Author(s):  
R. C. Zaehner
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Essential Ingredient ◽  
Arabic Word ◽  
Actual Fact ◽  
Definition Of

‘Mysticism means to isolate the eternal from the originated.’ This is not my definition of the word ‘mysticism’ but that of the founder of the ‘orthodox’ school of Muslim mysticism, Al-Junayd of Baghdad who flourished in the ninth century a.d. In actual fact it is not a definition of mysticism at all but of the Arabic word tawḥīd which means primarily ‘the affirmation of unity’; and that surely is an essential ingredient of any form of mysticism: it is the affirmation through personal experience of unity either absolutely or in some qualified sense.

scholarly journals The Prejudicial Effects of "Reasonable Steps" in Analysis of Mens Rea and Sexual Consent: Two Solutions

2018 ◽  
pp. 933
Author(s):  
Lucinda Vandervort
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Sexual Consent ◽  
Mens Rea ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Is Failure

This article examines the operation of “reasonable steps” as a statutory standard for analysis of the availability of the defence of belief in consent in sexual assault cases and concludes that application of section 273.2(b) of the Criminal Code, as presently worded, often undermines the legal validity and correctness of decisions about whether the accused acted with mens rea, a guilty, blameworthy state of mind. When the conduct of an accused who is alleged to have made a mistake about whether a complainant communicated consent is assessed by the hybrid subjective-objective reasonableness standard prescribed by section 273.2, many decision-makers rely on extra-legal criteria and assumptions grounded in their personal experience and opinion about what is reasonable. In the midst of debate over what the accused knew and what steps were “reasonable,” given what the accused knew, the legal definition of consent in section 273.1 is easily overlooked and decision-makers focus on facts that are legally irrelevant and prejudice rational deliberation. The result is failure to enforce the law. The author proposes: (1) that section 273.2 be amended to reflect the significant developments achieved in sexual consent jurisprudence since enactment of the provision in 1992; and (2) that, in the interim, the judiciary act with resolve to make full and proper use of the statutory and common law tools that are presently available to determine whether the accused acted with mens rea in relation to the absence of sexual consent.

scholarly journals The Functionality of Color Terms in Antarah IBN SHADAD's Poetry

2018 ◽  
Vol 214 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-74
Author(s):  
M . Raad Abdul Jabbar Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Color Terms ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Poetic Image ◽  
Explicit Reference ◽  
Poetic Diction ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Poetry Collection

     To start with, a definition of the term 'color' in Arabic language is presented.  Then, a study of colors implications in Al-Jahili poetry is proceeded; the poet's creativity in using color terms and incorporating these terms in Jahili poems explicitly or implicitly in forming up the topics of their poetry, then outlined. Color figures and images are dominant in Al-Jahili poetry to its extreme so as to propagate an oasis of environmental emulations, on one hand, and an outlet for personal experience on the other. In his poetry, Antara followed his ancestors' poetic traditions and closely textualized their inspirations and fantasies in his versification.  Partly, his poetic diction was personalized; whereas, the semantic contents tackled by ancestors were mediated and de toured astray in some instanses.  Reviewing his poetry collection one can infer his typical attitudes of using colors: the black, the white, the red, the green, the blue, and the yellow. Excessive use of these colors can be cited along with multiplicity of presentation in creating a quantum of color implications especially those of the white and the black, he used a decorated mosaic of colors in forming his poetic image; whereas he incorporated a corona of colors in restoring his poeticity.  Color contrasts are foregrounded in building up perceptible imagesof his poems. Colorful images, he used, asa loverand as a knight are merged with his passion and bravery; though gloomy in his macabre. The paper concludes that Antara used an excessive influx of colors terminology and semantic sheds in entailing his topics, focusing on the red, black and white.  The black was his favorite; whereas the red and the black are used excessively in his expressions.  Explicit reference to the red and black was the highest in number in the selected poems.  Essentially, some node that the notability of the black was a symptom of suffering and degrading he suffered as a black.

Simply Connected Limits

1990 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Paré
Keyword(s):  
Left Adjoint ◽  
Topos Theory ◽  
Essential Ingredient ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Simply Connected ◽  
Geometric Morphisms ◽  
Exact Categories

The importance of finite limits in completeness conditions has been long recognized. One has only to consider elementary toposes, pretoposes, exact categories, etc., to realize their ubiquity. However, often pullbacks suffice and in a sense are more natural. For example it is pullbacks that are the essential ingredient in composition of spans, partial morphisms and relations. In fact the original definition of elementary topos was based on the notion of partial morphism classifier which involved only pullbacks (see [6]). Many constructions in topos theory, involving left exact functors, such as coalgebras on a cotriple and the gluing construction, also work for pullback preserving functors. And pullback preserving functors occur naturally in the subject, e.g. constant functors and the Σα. These observations led Rosebrugh and Wood to introduce partial geometric morphisms; functors with a pullback preserving left adjoint [9]. Other reasons led Kennison independently to introduce the same concept under the name semi-geometric functors [5].

scholarly journals A Consideration About Competence in Kanji and their Teaching

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Tollini
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Teaching Process ◽  
Definition Of

This essay deals with the definition of ‘kanji competence’ from the point of view of the three main approaches to language in Japanese: shiru (to know), wakaru (to understand) and dekiru (to be able). After outlining competence, the essay proceeds to investigate how to carry on a comprehensive teaching process which takes into account: ‘who’ (are the learners), ‘what’ (they need to learn) and ‘how’ (to teach). The considerations presented here are based on the Author’s personal experience as a former learner, now reconsidered in his role as a teacher.

Experienced Golfers’ Perspectives on Choking Under Pressure

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Gucciardi ◽  
Jay-Lee Longbottom ◽  
Ben Jackson ◽  
James A. Dimmock
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Personal Construct ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Choking Under Pressure ◽  
Construct Definition ◽  
Personal Construct Psychology ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Definition Of

Although researchers have experimentally examined the mechanisms underlying pressure-induced forms of suboptimal performance, or “choking under pressure,” there is a lack of research exploring the personal experience of this phenomenon. In an attempt to fill this void in the literature, this study explored experienced golfers’ perceptions of the choking experience within a personal construct psychology (Kelly, 1955/1991) framework. Both male and female golfers participated in either a focus group (n = 12; all males) or one-on-one interview (n = 10; female = 7, male = 3) using experience cycle methodology (Oades & Viney, 2000) to describe their perceptions of the choking experience. Discussions were transcribed verbatim and subsequently analyzed using grounded theory analytical techniques (Strauss & Corbin, 1998). Analyses revealed five central categories representing the personal experience of choking under pressure: antecedents, personal investment, choking event, consequences, and learning experiences. The findings reported here suggest that the choking phenomenon, which can involve acute or chronic bouts of suboptimal performance (relative to the performance expectations of the athlete), is a complex process involving the interplay of several cognitive, attentional, emotional, and situational factors. Implications of the findings for a construct definition of choking are discussed, and several applied considerations are offered.

The Great Ruling Family of the Fourteenth Century: Muṣāhara in the Age of Ibn al-Khaṭīb

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 306-339
Author(s):  
Josef Ženka
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Muṣāhara (affinity/relation by marriage) represented one of the essential distinctions of the ruling elite of fourteenth-century Granada. Ibn al-Khaṭīb understood its importance for life in Granada and he felt the need to mention it whenever two people were related by marriage. His perception has been taken as one of the most fundamental for historical research, as he drew on his personal experience in Granada. This study first defines the concept of the ruling elite of fourteenth-century Granada. Within this group, the concept of muṣāhara as understood by Ibn al-Khaṭīb is further elaborated. The definition of muṣāhara is followed by the description of its actual use among the families close to the office of the vizier (wazīr) and by Ibn al-Khaṭīb himself. The history of one of these families (al-Fihrī) has been hailed as an exceptional example of the “ruling elite family” that included contemporaries and adversaries of Ibn al-Khaṭīb. The example of the al-Fihrī family shows how strong and active their position was during the rule of every fourteenth-century emir. Consequently, this study demonstrates that the extensive Granadan families similar to those known from the fifteenth century had existed and cooperated with each other before this time.

Becoming a commercial semiotician

Semiotica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (213) ◽  
pp. 345-363
Author(s):  
Chris Arning
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractIn this paper, the author sets out a brief account of how you become a semiotician, breaking it down in terms of motivations and competences. This is a paper written from the personal experience of the author. It is not meant to be prescriptive or to offer any sort of orthodoxy. The catalyst for the paper was frustration with the dearth of writing on this topic. The paper argues that the process of becoming is not just about acquiring knowledge or cognitive ability but also involves personal values and self-identity. It also seeks to dethrone the place of theory as predominant, arguing that interpretive practice relies as much upon a repertoire of aptitudes and techniques of reading and other soft skills. Theory acquisition in itself is simply not enough. In terms of its structure, the paper starts with a definition of what commercial semiotics is, continues with a section defining its scope, validity, and applications. The meat of the paper is devoted to laying out the different aptitudes and techniques mentioned above. The final section discusses the semiotic enterprise as a quest for knowledge and argues that there is no single trajectory in becoming a commercial semiotics practitioner. The paper argues that it is an odyssey of constant learning. It includes some comments on the institutionalization of the field. The hope is that this paper will give insight to interested parties into the craft of commercial semiotics.

Humility and its Practice in Nursing

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
Student Nurses ◽  
Duty Of Care ◽  
Role Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Following a personal experience of transformation as a result of washing the feet of a terminally ill patient, an exploratory study was undertaken to investigate nurses’ experience of washing patients’ feet. Seven postregistration student nurses participated in the study by washing the feet of as many patients as they could over a defined period of time. They were then interviewed about the experience. The transcribed interviews were analysed using the heuristic enquiry approach. Symbolically, washing feet is an act of humility. In washing feet in the manner required for this study I suggest that the nurses were practising beyond role definition of duty of care. As a result of this they experienced interconnectedness and changes in their relationship with the patients whose feet they had washed that could be interpreted as a response to humility.

Libya: Some Aspects of the Mediaeval Period, First–Ninth Century H/Seventh–Fifteenth Century AD

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
M. Brett
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Hollow Space ◽  
Political Boundaries ◽  
The Subject ◽  
East And West ◽  
Definition Of

The difficulty with the study of Libyan history, certainly before the sixteenth century, is twofold: firstly the definition of Libya as a subject, secondly the lack of information. The definition of the subject starts from the modern political boundaries, which do not predate the Ottomans; the lack of information must be related to the fact that most of the territory is desert, and peripheral to the concerns of wealthier and more powerful neighbours — Egypt, Tunis, Kanem/Borno, and the maritime empires of western Europe. Instead of a positive entity of which the modern political limits are only the most recent expression, it is all too easy to see a hollow space between neighbours north, south, east and west. How to fill that space conceptually and evidentially is the problem explicit or implicit in all the literature over the years since the foundation of the Society for Libyan Studies. This essay does not aim to be exhaustive, simply to indicate the lines of thought and investigation, and offer some conclusions.

BELGIAN GUIDELINES FOR ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS: SECOND EDITION

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Thiry ◽  
Mattias Neyt ◽  
Stefaan Van De Sande ◽  
Irina Cleemput
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Design Calculation ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Healthcare Interventions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

Objectives: The aim of this study was to present the updated methodological guidelines for economic evaluations of healthcare interventions (drugs, medical devices, and other interventions) in Belgium.Methods: The update of the guidelines was performed by three Belgian health economists following feedback from users of the former guidelines and personal experience. The updated guidelines were discussed with a multidisciplinary team consisting of other health economists, assessors of reimbursement request files, representatives of Belgian databases and representatives of the drugs and medical devices industry. The final document was validated by three external validators that were not involved in the previous discussions.Results: The guidelines give methodological guidance for the following components of an economic evaluation: literature review, perspective of the evaluation, definition of the target population, choice of the comparator, analytic technique and study design, calculation of costs, valuation of outcomes, definition of the time horizon, modeling, handling uncertainty and discounting. We present a reference case that can be considered as the minimal requirement for Belgian economic evaluations of health interventions.Conclusions: These guidelines will improve the methodological quality, transparency and uniformity of the economic evaluations performed in Belgium. The guidelines will also provide support to the researchers and assessors performing or evaluating economic evaluations.

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