Some Tamil folklore texts: Muttuppaṭṭaṉ Katai, Kāttavarāyaṉ Kataippaṭal, Paḻaiyaṉur Nīli

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-303
Author(s):  
Kamil V. Zvelebil
Keyword(s):  
Oral Traditions ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Verbal Art ◽  
Continuous Stream

The following contribution is based on several assumptions: First, it is assumed that the oral traditions of verbal art, whether “fixed” in writing/print or not, belong legitimately to the bulk of a national literature; second, it is assumed that such oral traditions have been grossly neglected, misunderstood and/or misinterpreted; third, when speaking of a “tradition”, what I have in mind is not an authoritative dogmatism based on set doctrines, but a fountain-source from which stems a continuous stream of thought and culture, irrespective of whether it is orally transmitted, or fixed in literary texts.

scholarly journals Abay and modern Kazakh art texts

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
A Adilova ◽  
◽  
B.S. Kaukerbekova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
National Language ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Verbal Art ◽  
Cultural Community ◽  
Word Use ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Literary Process

The article considers the place of Abay's poems in modern Kazakh artistic texts. Each author conveys his worldview and worldview in different situations through an artistic text. His lexicon includes, along with various means of the national language, fragments of various texts known to varying degrees in a certain linguistic and cultural community, as well as the word use of poets and writers who lived and worked before him. Such fragments may be used without change or А.С. Əділова, Б.С. Каукербекова 12 Вестник Карагандинского университета with a transformation. In the Kazakh linguistic and cultural community, Abay's poems can be called strong literary texts with a high frequency of use. Quotation at the level of structure, word, phrase, sentence, whole text can be seen in poetic and prose texts of the last 60–70 years in the Kazakh literary process. In this regard, the texts of such writers as M. Makataev, M. Magauin, J. Abdrashev, G. Zhailybai, G. Sаlykbai, M. Raiymbek, J. Sarsek are immediately recalled. Pointing out that this trend continues by young poets engaged in creativity in the last decades of this, XXI century, the authors concludes that the legacy of Abay is a standard of verbal art for more generations of poets and writers.

Irula riddles

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-368
Author(s):  
K. V. Zvelebil
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
South India ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Verbal Art ◽  
Tribal Group ◽  
Economic Sphere ◽  
Literary Cultures ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Image Position

The Irulas 2 are a tribal complex of four tribes inhabiting the lower slopes of the northern, eastern and southern parts of the Nilgiri mountains of South India. They speak a tribal language of their own—the ërla na:ya—in four dialects; it belongs, historically, to the Tamil-Malayalam group of South Dravidian.3 Two of the tribes intermarry, so that the Irula complex forms a tribal group of three endogamous units. Linguistically and from the point of social organization, the Irula situation may be thus symbolized asThe creativity of Irula-speaking tribes finds expression mostly in music,4 dance, and above all, in verbal art.5 They have a wealth of oral traditions characteristic for most pre-literary cultures; though modernization—thus far mostly in the socio-economic sphere—has had its impact on the Irula-speaking tribes, the absolute majority of the Irulas are still illiterate. Hence storytelling, oral rendering of myths, legends and genealogies, and other forms of verbal art are still very much alive.

scholarly journals Orality, Memory and the New African Diaspora Poetry: Examining Tanure Ojaide’s Poetics

Afrika Focus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-158
Author(s):  
Edoama Frances Odueme
Keyword(s):  
African Diaspora ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Verbal Art ◽  
Poetic Tradition ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
Out Of Africa ◽  
The Rich ◽  
African Writers ◽  
Art Techniques

The influence of traditional oral poetic forms on modern African poetry has been significant. Fascinated by oral forms which their respective communities relied on (to inform, teach, and correct erring members) before the advent of literacy, modern African writers borrow from these oral traditions and blend them with the features of the written Western literary forms. This appropriation of the oral poetic techniques by modern African poets continues today, as is clearly evident in the writings of many contemporary African poets, whose scripted works are seen to have drawn much in terms of content and form from the African oral poetic tradition. Following in this trend, the new African diaspora poets have also maintained the practice of skillfully blending the rich African verbal art and the modern (written) poetic forms to articulate the experiences of their African homeland as well as those of the diaspora, in order to construct and project their identities and visions of a new life in their lived world. In order to explore how through recourse to memory, “new African diasporas” (African-descended people who migrated out of Africa, during the postcolonial era and who live and practice their art outside the African homeland) utilize African oral art techniques in their writings, this essay analyses the poetry of Tanure Ojaide.

CONTRAST AS A FEATURE OF THE KARACHAY-BALKAR PROSE OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE XX CENTURY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE WORK OF S. KHOCHUEV)

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
UZDENOVA FATIMA T. ◽  
◽  
TEPPEEVA HANNFA M. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clear Distinction ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Aesthetic Thinking

The article is devoted to one of the stable parameters of the aesthetic thinking of the Karachai-Balkarian people - the desire for absolute statues of what is described in literary texts. Using the example of S. Khochuev's creativity, the process of axiological identification of the heroes of Karachai-Balkarian prose at the initial stage of its development is considered and a conclusion is drawn about the extremely stable nature of the modal definitions of national writers. This situation is explained by the obvious continuity: the standards of epic positioning of heroes of solar and chthonic origin in folklore remained in demand at the initial stages of the development of national literature, which developed during this period due to the understanding of problems of a class-ideological nature and needed systems of clear distinction and identification of heroes.

scholarly journals MODERN GEORGIAN COMPARATIVE STUDIES: DIRECTIONS OF RESEARCH, MAIN ISSUES

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Hrytsyk ◽  
Ivane Mchedeladze
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Material Research ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theory Of Literature

Taking into account the factual material, research methods, and tasks, the authors trace the evolution/changes in Georgian comparative studies. It is notable that typological approaches, along with contact-genetic ones, are now actively used. These changes become firmly established due to the studies of iconic figures and periods, which attract the special attention of the scholars. Eurocentric concepts give place to other ones that have their basis in the study of the national literature and include philosophical, anthropological, psychological, and religious factors in the field of research. A lot of attention has been given to the principles of selecting literary texts for translation. The field of Georgian comparative studies has been remarkably changed/updated in the late 20th — early 21st centuries. Along with historians of literature, the theorists, critics, translators, and specialists in European and Oriental languages have been involved, which affected the level of comparative studies. Among the raised issues are reception, imagology, typology of anti-colonial narratives, genre transformations, postmodern discourse, etc. The character of Georgian-Ukrainian comparative studies changed drastically: it is obvious in the approaches/assessments of literary translation and in all connecting issues in general. Comparative studies came as close as possible to the theory of literature, which let the researchers (R. Khvedelidze, N. Naskidashvili, S. Chkhatarashvili, I. Mchedeladze) update the methodology and intensify their work on the diff erent levels of research, regardless of the presence/absence of contexts. The present surge in Georgian comparative studies started in the 2010s. It is connected to the organization of effective specialized research centers. Of great interest are the comparative studies aiming to show the history of Georgian literature as an individual version of the world literature (I. Ratiani), to identify the features of the Georgian literary canon based on the three main literary models (Middle Ages, Romanticism, post-Soviet), with a focus on the combination of ‘canonical’ and ‘non-canonical’ in innovative writing.

scholarly journals KAJIAN TEORI FORMALISME DAN STRUKTURALISME

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Fadlil Munawwar Manshur
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Verbal Art ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Literary Research ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Aesthetic

From the perspective of formalism theory, this study aims to reveal that a research on literary texts does not only pay attention to textual facts existing in literary works, but also needs to pay attention to what exists outside the text. In the literary works, the element of defamiliarization holds that literary language is able to express facts of stories using unfamiliar languages. From the perspective of structuralism theory, this study aims to reveal that structuralism is conceptually a continuation of formalism which largely depends on language. Structuralism theory has a close relationship with linguistics, especially in analyzing the functions of the language used. The analysis of language function can help understanding language semiotics that views literature as a sign that then led to literary semiotics. Therefore, functioning to examine a phenomenon, the concept of semiotic structuralism emerged as a social fact.  Critical approach was deemed suitable to be used in this study because formalism theory and structuralism theory are part of a social construction and part of a discursive formation in the formation of subject and reality. As a result, it could be seen the position of formalism theory and structuralism theory in literary research of which raw material is language. The findings in this study are that the formalism theory in its development is dynamic and its language construction stimulates readers to respond. In principle, literary work is not autonomous because it contains author’s feelings and society’s mind. Literary research should exceed the boundaries of formalism and be able to create new vocabularies in writing novels. In the novel, there is intertextual polyvalence, which is a series and intensive dialogic linkages that are capable of giving birth to new novels. Another finding is that structuralism theory has a close relationship with linguistics, for example phonological elements in linguistics which can help literary theory in analyzing sound levels in oral literary works. This theory has also developed a study of poetry to the aesthetic level so that this study has shifted from its original aspects of verbal art only to all art and artistic aesthetics in the present time. This shift distinguishes the views between formalism and structuralism in relation to norms and values inherent in language.

scholarly journals Literaturas nacionales y literaturas nacionalizadas. Consideraciones en torno a la recepción del boom hispanoamericano en España / National Literatures and Nationalized Literatures. Reflections on the Reception of Latin American boom in Spain

2017 ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Mario Santana
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Literary Life ◽  
National Literatures

Resumen: Este artículo reflexiona en torno a la noción de literatura nacional a partir de la relación recepción que los escritores latinoamericanos del boom tuvieron en el campo literario español. ¿Cómo dar cuenta, a la hora de estudiar el proceso de la vida literaria nacional, de la presencia de textos literarios “extranjeros” que circulan ampliamente y sin necesidad de que medie traducción alguna? Para dar cuenta de las dificultades y contradicciones de esa relación se propone el concepto de literatura nacionalizada, poniendo el énfasis en los procesos de ‘nacionalización’ que tienen lugar en un campo literario específico.Palabras clave:  Boom, Latinoamérica, España, literatura nacional, literatura nacionalizada.Abstract: This article reflects on the notion of national literature by analyzing the reception relationship that the Boom Latin American writers had in Spain. How can we account, when studying the process of national literary life, of the presence of “foreign” literary texts that circulate widely and without the need for any translation? In order to account for the difficulties and contradictions of this relationship, the concept of nationalized literature is proposed, emphasizing the processes of ‘nationalization’ that take place in a specific literary field.Keywords: Latin American Boom, Spain, National Literature, Nationalized Literature.

scholarly journals Entextualizing vernacular forms in a Maniat village

Pragmatics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Korina Giaxoglou
Keyword(s):  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Verbal Art ◽  
Local Practices ◽  
Textual Practices ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Personal Archives ◽  
Gate Keeping ◽  
The University ◽  
Field Of Inquiry

Language ideology as a field of inquiry (Woolard et al. 1998: 3) involves, among others, the critical analysis of inequalities manifest in discursive and textual practices. This paper deals with folklore practices and language ideologies related to the project for the collection and publication of oral traditions in 1930s Greece. The institutionalization of this project relied heavily on G.Chatzidakis (1890-1923), Professor of Linguistics and N.G. Politis (1852-1921), Professor of Comparative Mythology at the University of Athens whose works arguably created an orthodox model of folklore text-making. Instead, though, of focusing on the orthodox metadiscourse or practices of these two central figures to the project, I will turn to their localization by a philologist engaged in the collection of vernacular forms in a Maniat village (Southern Peloponnese). The turn to local practices seeks to uncover features of orthopraxy (Blommaert 2003), that is adaptations which although guided by the orthodox model at the surface level, can be related to acts of identity, expressing resistance to hegemonic ideologies, revealing inequality in the distribution of resources or in gate-keeping restrictions.The analysis draws on the personal archives of I. Strilakos from the period 1930-35, which include three notebooks and a manuscript collection of Maniat lament verbal art. The approach of the archives is based on the examination of Strilakos’ entextualization practices, a term that refers to the way that textual ‘shape’ is given to extracted stretches of discourse (see Bauman and Briggs 1990). The systematic examination of local folklore entextualization practices sheds light on the mediated ways in which ‘authentic’ voices become indexes of nationally subsumed regional identities.

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