Shaykh Bālī-Efendi on the ṣafavidsY

The contents of the document which forms the main subject of the present article are somewhat slender and cannot be appreciated outside the context of the struggles between the Ottomans and the Safavids for the incorporation of the Turkman tribes settled in the territories separating their states. Many points of the situation await further investigation and our summary will be as brief as the complicated subject admits.The home of the Ottoman dynasty was in the north-western corner of Anatolia, but, by the middle of the fourteenth century, the Turks had crossed over to the northern side of the Straits and the Balkan territories became the nursery of the Ottoman empire.

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The Discovery of an Early Bearing-Dial

Journal of Navigation ◽

10.1017/s0373463300027314 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 294-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Carl V. Sølver

Keyword(s):

Fourteenth Century ◽

Thirteenth Century ◽

The Sun ◽

Medieval Period ◽

Late Medieval ◽

The North ◽

Late Medieval Period ◽

The Subject ◽

Formed Part ◽

North Western

It has hitherto been generally presumed that the division of the horizon into thirty-two points was a development of the late medieval period. Such a division, it has been said, was impossible in the pre-compass era. ‘It is questionable whether even so many as sixteen directions could have been picked out and followed at sea so long as Sun and star, however intimately known, were the only guides’, one eminent authority has declared; ‘Even the sailors in the north-western waters had only four names until a comparatively late date.’ Chaucer's reference in his Treatise on the Astrolabe to the thirty-two ‘partiez’ of the ‘orisonte’ has for long been quoted as the earliest evidence on the subject. The Konungs Skuggsjà, a thirteenth-century Norwegian work, however, refers to the Sun revolving through eight œttir; and the fourteenthcentury Icelandic Rímbegla talks of sixteen points or directions. An important discovery by the distinguished Danish archaeologist, Dr. C. L. Vebæk, in the summer of 1951, brings a new light to the whole problem and makes the earlier held view scarcely tenable. Vebæk was then working on the site of the Benedictine nunnery (mentioned by Îvar Bárdarson in the mid-fourteenth century) which stands on the site of a still older Norse homestead on the Siglufjörd, in southern Greenland. Buried in a heap of rubbish under the floor in one of the living-rooms, together with a number of broken tools of wood and iron (some of them with the owner's name inscribed on them in runes) was a remarkable fragment of carved oak which evidently once formed part of a bearingdial. This was a damaged oaken disk which, according to the archaeologists, dates back to about the year 1200.

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Zygmunt Mineyko (1840-1925) i poszukiwanie starożytnej Dodony

Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN ◽

10.4467/25440500rbn.19.005.14148 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 ◽

pp. 87-102

Author(s):

Joachim Śliwa

Keyword(s):

Ottoman Empire ◽

Financial Support ◽

Western Europe ◽

Civil Engineering ◽

Ancient History ◽

Arts And Sciences ◽

The North ◽

North Western ◽

Of Greece ◽

Vast Territory

Zygmunt Mineyko (1840 –1925) and the Discovery of Ancient Dodona The text is devoted to Zygmunt Mineyko – a participant of the 1863 January Uprising, who had to look for safety in Western Europe after the collapse of the patriotic insurrection and the resulting repressions. Having acquired relevant professional qualifications in France, Mineyko worked as a specialist in civil engineering in the vast territory of the Ottoman Empire. In the years 1875–1876, working in the north-western part of Greece (Epirus), he managed to identify the location of Dodona – the main ancient sanctuary of Zeus. Due to the shortage of funds, he accepted financial support from a rich Greek Konstantinos Karapanos. In 1878, Karapanos issued a publication in Paris in which he attributed the discovery of the sanctuary and the results of work entirely to himself, mentioning only briefly Mineyko as his assistant engineer. From that moment on, Mineyko started to strive for the acknowledgement of his rights as a discoverer. His actions were not always effective, but the essential argument still laid in his hands. The most important historic items still belonged to him, as they had been discovered already at the time when he carried on the search by himself. A particularly valuable group of these objects (the famous group of the “Dodona bronzes”) was sold to the Museum in Berlin via his eldest daughter and sonin-law Ludwik Karol Potocki only in 1904. The text quotes also archive materials from the collection of the Academy of Arts and Sciences that were drawn up in 1877; Mineyko tried to arouse interest in his discovery also by presenting it directly to Polish experts in ancient history. Within the scope of the activity of the Archaeological Commission, on the basis of materials submitted by Mineyko, Professor Marian Sokołowski prepared a long report, defending Mineyko’s rights to the discovery (the text was published in the subsequent year).

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The Ottoman Tributaries Transylvania, Wallachia and Moldavia: Reflections on the Mobility of Objects and Networks of Actors

DIYÂR ◽

10.5771/2625-9842-2021-1-27 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 27-58

Author(s):

Robert Born

Keyword(s):

Fifteenth Century ◽

Ottoman Empire ◽

Holy Land ◽

Regional Networks ◽

Royal Court ◽

Introductory Section ◽

The North ◽

Luxury Products ◽

Silk Fabrics ◽

North Western

This paper explores the different channels of transfer of luxury commodities (rugs, silk fabrics) from Persia and the Ottoman Empire to the three principalities of Moldavia, Wallachia and Transylvania, located at the north-western fringes of the Transottomanica. In the introductory section, it examines the function of the luxury products and their integration into the representational culture of the fifteenth century at the Hungarian royal court, in the Transylvanian cities, as well as in the two Danubian Principalities. The successive integration of Transylvania, Moldavia and Wallachia into the Ottoman sphere of power led to different forms of acceptance and transformation of the imported objects. Although there are parallels between the three principalities with regard to the bestowal of the honorary garments during the investiture rituals by the sultan and his officials, there are differences with regard to the further destiny of these valuable garments. While in Transylvania these were often treasured or reworked into representative costumes given their high material value, in Moldavia and in Wallachia a considerable number of kaftans were transferred into the sacral realm. Hereby older traditions were adapted to the new circumstances. The rulers of the two Danubian Principalities now acted as donors alongside high dignitaries within the framework of supra-regional networks. In addition to their native territories, their activities encompassed the major Orthodox sanctuaries in Greece and the Holy Land. Furthermore, the Danubian Principalities were an important hub for transfers to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Tsardom of Russia.

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The Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Khanate in the North Caucasus: A Case Study of Ottoman-Crimean Relations in the Mid-Sixteenth Century

Turkish Historical Review ◽

10.1163/18775462-00901005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 86-103

Author(s):

Murat Yaşar ◽

Chong Jin Oh

Keyword(s):

Sixteenth Century ◽

Ottoman Empire ◽

Present Article ◽

The Political ◽

North Caucasus ◽

The North

Focusing on Ottoman and Crimean policies and their involvement in the North Caucasus in the second half of the sixteenth century as a case study, this paper sheds light on the nature of the political arrangement between the Ottoman empire and the Crimean khanate in this period. Agreeing with scholars who argue that the Crimean khanate’s relationship with the Ottoman empire cannot be classified as vassalage, the present article treats the North Caucasus as a newly emerging borderland and a ‘micro north’ to better understand the framework in which the Crimean khanate functioned as a unit within the Ottoman system.

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Aspects of the Early History of Romani

Acta Orientalia ◽

10.5617/ao.5352 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

pp. 70

Author(s):

Claus Peter Zoller

Keyword(s):

South Asia ◽

Present Article ◽

Early History ◽

Correct Classification ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact ◽

North Western

We owe to Ralph Lilley Turner the correct classification of Romani as originating from a central or inner form of Indo-Aryan. Turner also clarified that the “Dardic” elements in Romani have been borrowed into early Romani after its speakers had left their original home and reached the north-west of South Asia where they stayed for several hundred years before finally leaving the subcontinent. Until now, the extent of the “Dardic” influence on early Romani was poorly understood. In the present article much data has been put together which shows that this impact indeed is considerable. But it is intelligible only if we accept Turner’s hypothesis of a long stopover in north-western South Asia. The data presented below will also show that the notion of “Dardic” is too narrow in this context: the impact on early Romani, in fact, comprises linguistic elements and features found in Nuristani, Dardic and West Pahāṛī.

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