The verb in northern Najdi Arabic

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Abboud
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Phonological Features ◽  
Najdi Arabic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Object Pronouns

The dialects spoken in the Najd of Saudi Arabia have striking features which not only are unknown or unreported in other dialects but also retain some characteristics of the 'Arabiyya and of ancient dialects of the peninsula reported by the Arab grammarians. On both these counts, they are of paramount importance for synchronic, comparative and historical dialectology. Yet little is known of them and published materials remain scanty. It is the purpose of this article to describe in some detail the morphology of the verb, i.e., the stem, the subject markers and the object pronouns, and in the process, present phonological features and processes, in a dialect spoken in the North of the Najd, specifically that of Hāyil. This is an important town on the edge of the Jabal Shammar mountains just south of the Nafud, and some 350 miles to the north-west of Riyādh. Although the dialect manifests features which are typically Najdi, in the sense that investigation shows them to exist in other dialects of the Najd, it also possesses peculiarities all its own.

Virgil's Location of Corythus

1976 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-295
Author(s):  
E. L. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Recent Article ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Subject

In a recent article JRS (1973), 68 f. Nicholas Horsfall sought to demonstrate that Corythus, which Virgil makes the original home of Dardanus (Aen. iii, 167 f.), should be identified with Tarquinii, some 50 miles north-west of Rome, on the coast of Etruria, rather than with Cortona, roughly twice as far away, to the north, and inland. In doing so he expressed surprise that the Virgilian evidence should have been completely ignored by previous writers on the subject (p. 68): and, using the Aeneid as the main source on which his own argument was based, he supported his conclusion with a careful examination of several other aspects of the problem.

scholarly journals Techno-economic study on grid-connected PV system for major cities in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Amjad Ali ◽  
Muzafar Hussain ◽  
Fahad A. Al-Sulaiman ◽  
Shahbaz Tahir ◽  
Kashif Irshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Pv System ◽  
North West ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
The North ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Pv Penetration

This paper presents the economic, technical, and environmental performance of a GridConnected PV System (GCPVS) designed for a residential building consisting of 14 families for six major cities of Saudi Arabia. HOMER Pro was used in this study for the evaluation of the techno-economical & environmental performance of the GCPVS. Neom, which a newly developed city on the west coast of Saudi Arabia, which has never been investigated before for such conditions, is also considered among the selected cities in the current study and thus makes the work novel. This analysis demonstrates that CO2 emissions are considerably higher as compared to their counterparts in both; grid alone and grid + PV systems. The studies concluded that the grid + PV system was feasible for all cities. Parameters like Net Present Cost (NPC), Cost of Energy (COE), and excess electricity were proportional to the PV penetration, but with the increase of PV penetration, CO2 emissions decreased. For the grid + PV system, Neom was found to be the most economical as it demonstrated the lowest NPC ($80, 199) and CO2 emissions (63, 664 kg/yr), among others. Neom, as a rapidly developing city in the North-West of Saudi Arabia, possesses great potential for PV. The results of this study can be used to study further PV systems in different climate zones of Saudi Arabia.

Wind Power Characteristics on the North West Coast of Saudi Arabia

2009 ◽  
Vol 20-21 (8-1) ◽  
pp. 1257-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafiqur Rehman ◽  
Naif M. Al-Abbadi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
West Coast ◽  
North West ◽  
Power Characteristics ◽  
The North

On Heptaphyllum, a New Genus of Carboniferous Coral

1924 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 416-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur E. Clark
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way ◽  
West Of Ireland

A few years ago Mr. Carruthers described an aberrant coral, Cryptophyllum hibernicum, from the Lower Carboniferous of Bundoran, Donegal. Cryptophyllum occurred in the Lower Calp shales, which are considered to be about at the horizon of Vaughan's C2 to S1 beds. Another aberrant genus, Heptaphyllum, also from the north-west of Ireland—Lower Carboniferous shales, Sligo—forms the subject of this paper. Cryptophyllum is remarkable, first for the manner in which the earlier major septa appear—irregularly, and nearly simultaneously, instead of regularly, and in consecutive pairs, as is typical for Rugose Corals; and also in the development of only five septa instead of the normal six in the earliest growth stages. Heptaphyllum, as its name implies, develops seven septa in the young corallum. It resembles Cryptophyllum in having an early aseptate corallum, and in the way in which the earlier septa appear.

The Roman Military Occupation of North-West Spain

1976 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 45-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. J. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Gold Mines ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The north-west corner of Spain was long neglected by Roman archaeologists, who have tended to concentrate on the more spectacular remains to be found in the south and east. However, recently more attention has been directed there by workers of several nationalities, who have now produced a quite extensive literature on the gold mines, as well as on wider aspects, chiefly in connection with the activities of the legion VII Gemina. Yet there has been little attempt in all this to examine why a substantial military force was maintained in the region for so long. This paper aims to review that problem to about the end of the second century A.D. The evidence available is almost entirely epigraphic, chiefly consisting of epitaphs and religious dedications. Building inscriptions are scarce. For convenience all the epigraphic material from the north-west of Spain that is relevant to the disposition of the army is collected in the appendix, and in the main text reference will be made to the numbers given there. In addition a few historical passages are of importance, but the archaeological site evidence is very slight. The nature of the evidence is such that most attention must be devoted to the units attested in the region and their deployment, with little to be said about their actual bases. Previous work on the subject has been dominated by the late Antonio García y Bellido in several masterly papers. However it has tended to concentrate more on the history of the units themselves than on questions of topography and the reasons behind their presence.

scholarly journals Some Characteristics of Syllable Structure in Qassimi Arabic (QA): An Optimality Theoretic Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Metab Alhoody ◽  
Mohammad Aljutaily
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Syllable Structure ◽  
Consonant Clusters ◽  
North Central Region ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Najdi Arabic

The paper investigates the syllable structures of Qassimi Arabic (QA), which is a sub-dialect of Najdi Arabic (NA) and is spoken in the north-central region of Saudi Arabia, particularly in the Qassim Region. Within the framework of Optimality Theory (OT), we show how the well-formed syllable is derived from the interaction of constraints. We show how the OT captures some of the major processes for structuring the syllables of QA, such as syncope, epenthesis, and geminate. The analysis revealed that onsetless syllables are prohibited in QA. The dialect allows word-initial consonant clusters, which is a result of the syncope process. Coda clusters also occur in QA that must obey the Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP); otherwise, epenthesis presents to repair the violation. As for the geminates, QA permits geminates medially and finally, but not initially. The data revealed that QA demonstrates seven fundamental syllable structures grouped into three categories: light syllables, as in CV; heavy syllables, as in CVV and CVC; and super heavy syllables, as in CVVC, CVCC, CCVVC and CVVCC.

scholarly journals Intonational Variation in the North-West of England: The Origins of a Rising Contour in Liverpool

2020 ◽  
pp. 002383092096973
Author(s):  
Claire Nance ◽  
Sam Kirkham ◽  
Kate Lightfoot ◽  
Luke Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
High Pitch ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Segmental Phonology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Community ◽  
The Uk

This paper investigates intonation in the urban dialect of Liverpool, Scouse. Scouse is reported to be part of a group of dialects in the north of the UK where rising contours in declaratives are a traditional aspect of the dialect. This intonation is typologically unusual and has not been the subject of detailed previous research. Here, we present such an analysis in comparison with Manchester, a city less than 40 miles from Liverpool but with a noticeably different prosody. Our analysis confirms reports that rising contours are the most common realization for declaratives in Liverpool, specifically a low rise where final high pitch is not reached until the end of the phrase. Secondly, we consider the origin of declarative rises in Scouse with reference to the literature on new dialect formation. Our demographic analysis and review of previous work on relevant dialects suggests that declarative rises were not the majority variant when Scouse was formed but may have been adopted for facilitating communication in a diverse new community. We highlight this contribution of intonational data to research on phonological aspects of new dialect formation, which have largely considered segmental phonology or timing previously.

scholarly journals Salience and the sociolinguistics of Scouse spelling

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Honeybone ◽  
Kevin Watson
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Linguistic Variables ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Phonological Features ◽  
Shed Light

In this article we investigate a phenomenon in which non-standard spelling is normal in professionally produced, published English. Specifically, we discuss the literary genre of Contemporary Humorous Localised Dialect Literature (CHLDL), in which semi-phonological spellings are used to represent aspects of non-standard varieties. Our aims are twofold: 1) we provide, by example, a framework for the quantitative analysis of such types of dialect orthography, which treats respellings as linguistic variables, and 2) we argue that this type of quantitative analysis of CHLDL can shed light on which phonological features are sociolinguistically salient in a given variety, as long as we bear in mind both what is possible orthographically and the phonological status of the dialect features involved. We explore these issues by investigating a corpus of ‘folk phrasebooks’ which represent the variety of English spoken in Liverpool (Scouse), in the north-west of England.

scholarly journals Developments in Animal Husbandry and Food Supply in Roman Germania Inferior

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maaike Groot
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Rural Sites ◽  
Roman Province ◽  
Species Proportions ◽  
Over Time

The Roman province of Germania Inferior is characterized geographically by the river Rhine—the border of the Empire—and the forts along it. From the north-west to the south-east, there are significant differences in landscape and type of rural habitation. Whether these differences are also noticeable in animal husbandry forms the subject of this article. Are there any differences in species proportions and slaughter ages between the western and eastern parts of the province, and between urban, military, and rural sites? What does this say about farming and food supply? After presenting an overview of the zooarchaeological data from Germania Inferior, I shall discuss in detail one civitas—the civitas Batavorum, with the best known zooarchaeological dataset within the province. What changes in species proportions and cattle size can be detected over time from this civitas? Is there evidence for inter- and intra-site variability and changes in butchery methods? This article's further aim is to demonstrate what kind of questions a synthetic overview of zooarchaeological datasets can address.

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