Effect of Soil and Climate on Herbicide Dissipation

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. C. Burnside ◽  
C. R. Fenster ◽  
G. A. Wicks ◽  
J. V. Drew
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Herbicide Residues ◽  
Herbicide Residue

The persistence of five herbicides in six soils across Nebraska can be ranked from greatest to least as follows: 5-bromo-3-isopropyl-6-methyluracil (isocil) at 5 and 25 1b/A, 2-chloro-4,6-bis-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (propazine) at 3 and 9 1b/A, 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine (atrazine) at 3 and 9 1b/A, trichlorobenzyl chloride (hereinafter referred to as TCBC) at 7 and 49 1b/A, and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxyl-1-methylurea (linuron) at 3 and 9 1b/A. Soil texture differences (sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, silt loam, and silty clay loam) had a greater influence on herbicide residue carryover than did climatic differences across Nebraska during 1962 to 1968. Soil carryover of herbicide residues was greater in coarse rather than fine-textured soils and in the drier regions of western than in eastern Nebraska. Leaching of herbicides into the soil profile was an avenue of herbicide dissipation.

Influence of soil texture on snowmelt infiltration into frozen soils

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Litong Zhao ◽  
D. M. Gray ◽  
B. Toth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Frozen Soils

This paper describes the influence of soil texture on snowmelt infiltration into frozen soils. Field data collected on frozen, unsaturated agricultural soils of the Canadian Prairies during snow ablation demonstrate: (a) poor association between the amount of infiltration of meltwater released by the seasonal snowcover and soil texture, and (b) small differences in cumulative amounts among soils of widely different textures. A physics-based numerical simulation of heat and mass transfers with phase changes in frozen soils is used to study the mechanics of the infiltration process in representative clay, silty clay loam, silt loam and sandy loam soils. The results of the simulations show that the differences among cumulative snowmelt infiltration into clay, silty clay loam and silt loam soils after 24 h of continuous infiltration are small. Infiltration into a lighter-textured sandy loam after 24 h was on average 23% higher than in the other three soils with most of the increase occurring in the first 5 h of the simulation. Key Words: Soil texture, snowmelt, infiltration, frozen soils

Fluometuron in Soil Solution as an Indicator of Its Efficacy in Three Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 688-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Patterson ◽  
Gale A. Buchanan ◽  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
Richard M. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam

Analysis of fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] in soil solution after application of 0.5 or 1.0 ppmw revealed up to five-fold differences among three Alabama soils (Lucedale fine sandy loam, Decatur silty clay loam, and Sacul loam). Differences in fluometuron in soil solution were attributed to variable organic matter present and clay fractions. Fluometuron concentration in soil solution for each soil correlated well with control of four broadleaf weed species in a field experiment.

Influence of Various Soil Properties on the Adsorption and Desorption of ICIA-0051 in Five Soils

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Wilson ◽  
Chester L. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Freundlich Equation ◽  
General Order ◽  
Highly Correlated

The soil organic matter and/or humic matter fraction was highly correlated with the adsorption of ICIA-0051 herbicide onto five soils; clay content and other soil factors were less correlated. The Freundlich equation was used to describe the adsorption of ICIA-0051 by the various soils. Based on the K constants, the general order for adsorption for each soil was Hyde silty clay loam > Frederick silt loam > Davidson clay = Bojac sandy loam > Appling loamy sand. Across all soils, 25 to 50% of the amount adsorbed was removed by two desorptions. Appling, Bojac, and Davidson soils retained less herbicide after two desorptions than did Frederick and Hyde.

scholarly journals Study on abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates in relation to soil texture types of sediment in three ponds

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
BR Irin ◽  
MA Mansur ◽  
MS Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Bottom Soil ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Macro Benthos

The present research was conducted to evaluate the monthly variations of macrozoobenthos of three ponds (pond 1, bottom soil is loam; pond 2, bottom soil is sandy loam; pond 3, bottom soil is silty clay loam) in relation to soil texture types of sediment. The major groups of macro-zoobenthos recorded were Chironomidae, Oligochaeta, Mollusca and Ceratopogonidae. The values of all water quality parameters such as temperature, water depth, rainfall, transparency, dissolved oxygen, pH, free CO2, NO3-N and PO4-P were found to have positive correlations in most cases, in some cases negative correlations and in few cases significant correlations. The abundance of Chironomidae was to be dominant in the pond no. 3 during the whole study period. The highest number of Oligochaeta (400 per m2) was found in pond no. 3 at depth of 150 cm and the lowest number of Oligochaeta (0 per m2) was found in pond nos. 1, 2 and 3 at both depths. The highest number of Chironomidae (1332 per m2) was found in pond no. 3 at depth of 150 cm and the lowest number of Chironomidae (444 per m2) was found in pond no. 2 at depth of 100 cm. The highest number of Ceratopogonidae (977 per m2) was found in pond no. 3 at the depth of 150 cm and the lowest number of Ceratopogonidae (178 per m2) was found in pond no. 2 at both depths. The highest number of Mollusca (1288 per m2) was found in pond no. 3 at the depth of 150 cm and the lowest number of Mollusca (222 per m2) was found in pond no. 2 at the depth of 100 cm. Satisfactory quantity of macrobenthos in the pond no. 3 at the depth of 150 cm than those of other two ponds. Between 2 depths (100 and 150 cm), the depth of 150 cm was to have highest quantity of macro-zoobenthos in all the three ponds because this depth was most favourable for macro-zoobenthos production. In pond no. 1, 2 and 3 relation of macro-benthos (no. per m2) with chemical parameters of pond bottom-soil conditions vary pond to pond which influence primary production and also influence macro-zoobenthos production (secondary production). The highest macro-zoobenthos population density was found in pond no. 3 followed by pond no. 1 and the lowest production in pond no. 2 but macro-zoobenthos production in pond no. 2 and pond no. 1 are more or less similar and macro-zoobenthos production in pond no. 3 is different and higher than those of pond nos. 1 and 2 which indicates that silty clay loam of bottom-soil is more suitable for macrozoobenthos than other soil textural classes of bottom-soil loam and sandy loam.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (2): 27-35, December, 2017

Rice Response to Clomazone as Influenced by Application Rate, Soil Type, and Planting Date

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. O'Barr ◽  
Garry N. McCauley ◽  
Rodney W. Bovey ◽  
Scott A. Senseman ◽  
James M. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam

Clomazone is an effective herbicide widely used for PRE grass control in rice. However, use of clomazone on sandy textured soils of the western Texas rice belt can cause serious rice injury. Two field experiments at three locations were conducted in 2002 and 2003 to determine the optimum rate range that maximizes barnyardgrass and broadleaf signalgrass control and minimizes rice injury across a wide variety of soil textures and planting dates. At Beaumont (silty clay loam), Eagle Lake (fine sandy loam), and Ganado (fine sandy loam), TX, PRE application of 0.34 kg ai/ha clomazone applied to rice planted in March, April, or May optimized barnyardgrass and broadleaf signalgrass control and rice yield while minimizing rice injury. Data suggest that, although injury might occur, clomazone is safe to use in rice on sandy textured soils.

Simulating the vertical transition of soil textural layers in north-western China with a Markov chain model

Soil Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danfeng Li ◽  
Ming'an Shao
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Textural Type ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Log Normal Distribution

The heterogeneity of textures in soil profiles is important for quantifying the movement of water and solutes through soil. Soil-profile textures to a depth of 300 cm were investigated at 100 sites in a 100-km2 area in the central region of the Heihe River system, where oases coexist with widespread deserts and wetland. The probability distribution of textural-layer thickness was quantified. The vertical transition of the soil textural layers was characterised by a Markov chain–log-normal distribution (MC-LN) model based on the probability of one textural type transitioning to another. Nine types of textural layers were observed: sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, silt loam, loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, and clay. Sand was the most frequent in the profiles, whereas silt loam and clay were rare. The layers of sand and silty clay were relatively thick, and the layers of loam and clay were relatively thin. The coefficients of variation ranged from 36–87%, indicating moderate variation in the layer thickness of each textural type. The soil profile was characterised as a log-normal distribution. A χ2 test verified the Markov characteristic and the stability of the vertical change of soil textural layers. Realisations of the soil textural profiles were generated by the MC-LN model. A Monte Carlo simulation indicated that the simulated mean layer thickness of each textural type agreed well with the corresponding field observations. Element values of the transition probability matrix of the textural layers simulated by the MC-LN model deviated <12.6% from the measured values, excluding the data from the layers of clay and silt loam. The main combinations of upper to lower textural layers in the study area were loamy sand and sand (or sandy loam), sandy loam and sand (or loamy sand and loam), loam and clay loam, clay loam (or silty clay) and silty clay loam, and silty clay loam and silty clay. The MC-LN model was able to accurately quantify the vertical changes of textures in the soil profiles. This study will aid in quantification of water and solute transport in soils with vertical heterogeneity of soil textural layers.

Johnsongrass Control in Soybeans by Trifluralin and Nitralin

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. McWhorter
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Immediate Incorporation

Field experiments were conducted to study the feasibility of using trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) and nitralin [4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline] for the selective control of johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.] from rhizomes and seed in soybeans[Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Lee’]. Both herbicides were incorporated into the soil at 0.56 to 3.36 kg/ha with two disk cultivations immediately after application. Most effective johnsongrass control on Dundee silty clay loam (sicl) followed treatments of nitralin or trifluralin at 1.68 to 3.36 kg/ha, but 2 years or more of continuous treatment were required for acceptable control. Trifluralin at 1.12 and 2.24 kg/ha on Sharkey clay and at 0.56 to 2.24 kg/ha on Bosket fine sandy loam (fsl) provided better average johnsongrass control over a 2-year period than nitralin at the same rates, but soybean yields after both herbicides at the same rates were equal. Immediate incorporation of trifluralin or nitralin in all three soils at 1.12 to 2.24 kg/ha for 2 successive years effectively controlled johnsongrass from rhizomes without soybean injury and with greatly increased soybean yields.

scholarly journals NITRIFICATION STUDIES WITH SOIL TYPES IN NORTHERN PUERTO RICO

1969 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-103
Author(s):  
Juan Amedee Bonnet
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam

Experimental results have been reported on the nitrification rate of nine soil types from Northern Puerto Rico classified as: Catalina clay, Catalina clay level phase, Coto clay light texture phase, Espinosa clay, Lares clay loam, Mucara silty clay loam, Mucara silt loam, Sabana Seca clay and Toa silt loam. The various soil types are represented by twenty-one different soil samples. Some experimental data is also reported for a soil type from New Jersey classified as Sassafras sandy loam.

Effect of Soil Type and pH on Adsorption, Mobility, and Efficacy of Imazaquin and Imazethapyr

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Stougaard ◽  
P. J. Shea ◽  
A. R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Steric Factors ◽  
Loam Soil

Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to determine imazaquin and imazethapyr adsorption, mobility, and efficacy in Sharpsburg silty clay loam, Holdrege silt loam, and Tripp sandy loam soils after adjusting pH to 5, 6, and 7. Both herbicides were more strongly absorbed, less mobile, and less efficacious at a lower pH. Observations were attributed to ionic bonding resulting from protonation of basic functional groups on the herbicide molecules as pH decreased. Adsorption was greatest in the silty clay loam and least in the sandy loam soil. Conversely, the herbicides were more efficacious and mobile in the more coarse-textured soils. Imazethapyr was less mobile, more highly adsorbed, and more phytotoxic than imazaquin. Greater adsorption of imazethapyr was attributed to a stronger basic pKaand steric factors.

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