scholarly journals Study on abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates in relation to soil texture types of sediment in three ponds

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
BR Irin ◽  
MA Mansur ◽  
MS Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Bottom Soil ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Macro Benthos

The present research was conducted to evaluate the monthly variations of macrozoobenthos of three ponds (pond 1, bottom soil is loam; pond 2, bottom soil is sandy loam; pond 3, bottom soil is silty clay loam) in relation to soil texture types of sediment. The major groups of macro-zoobenthos recorded were Chironomidae, Oligochaeta, Mollusca and Ceratopogonidae. The values of all water quality parameters such as temperature, water depth, rainfall, transparency, dissolved oxygen, pH, free CO2, NO3-N and PO4-P were found to have positive correlations in most cases, in some cases negative correlations and in few cases significant correlations. The abundance of Chironomidae was to be dominant in the pond no. 3 during the whole study period. The highest number of Oligochaeta (400 per m2) was found in pond no. 3 at depth of 150 cm and the lowest number of Oligochaeta (0 per m2) was found in pond nos. 1, 2 and 3 at both depths. The highest number of Chironomidae (1332 per m2) was found in pond no. 3 at depth of 150 cm and the lowest number of Chironomidae (444 per m2) was found in pond no. 2 at depth of 100 cm. The highest number of Ceratopogonidae (977 per m2) was found in pond no. 3 at the depth of 150 cm and the lowest number of Ceratopogonidae (178 per m2) was found in pond no. 2 at both depths. The highest number of Mollusca (1288 per m2) was found in pond no. 3 at the depth of 150 cm and the lowest number of Mollusca (222 per m2) was found in pond no. 2 at the depth of 100 cm. Satisfactory quantity of macrobenthos in the pond no. 3 at the depth of 150 cm than those of other two ponds. Between 2 depths (100 and 150 cm), the depth of 150 cm was to have highest quantity of macro-zoobenthos in all the three ponds because this depth was most favourable for macro-zoobenthos production. In pond no. 1, 2 and 3 relation of macro-benthos (no. per m2) with chemical parameters of pond bottom-soil conditions vary pond to pond which influence primary production and also influence macro-zoobenthos production (secondary production). The highest macro-zoobenthos population density was found in pond no. 3 followed by pond no. 1 and the lowest production in pond no. 2 but macro-zoobenthos production in pond no. 2 and pond no. 1 are more or less similar and macro-zoobenthos production in pond no. 3 is different and higher than those of pond nos. 1 and 2 which indicates that silty clay loam of bottom-soil is more suitable for macrozoobenthos than other soil textural classes of bottom-soil loam and sandy loam.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (2): 27-35, December, 2017

The Effect of Thinning Methods on Soil Physical Properties in North-Central Mississippi

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Karr ◽  
J. D. Hodges ◽  
T. E. Nebeker
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
North Central ◽  
Soil Disturbances ◽  
Dry Soil

Abstract Soil disturbances created by thinning systems on a fine sandy loam and silty clay loam during wet and dry soil conditions were examined. The extent of areal disturbance, rutting, and bulk density increased and macroporosity decreased as soil moisture and trafficking increased. Schedulingthinning during dry weather and minimizing the crossing of planting beds with equipment reduced soil disturbance. South. J. Appl. For. 11(2):110-112.

Influence of soil texture on snowmelt infiltration into frozen soils

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Litong Zhao ◽  
D. M. Gray ◽  
B. Toth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Frozen Soils

This paper describes the influence of soil texture on snowmelt infiltration into frozen soils. Field data collected on frozen, unsaturated agricultural soils of the Canadian Prairies during snow ablation demonstrate: (a) poor association between the amount of infiltration of meltwater released by the seasonal snowcover and soil texture, and (b) small differences in cumulative amounts among soils of widely different textures. A physics-based numerical simulation of heat and mass transfers with phase changes in frozen soils is used to study the mechanics of the infiltration process in representative clay, silty clay loam, silt loam and sandy loam soils. The results of the simulations show that the differences among cumulative snowmelt infiltration into clay, silty clay loam and silt loam soils after 24 h of continuous infiltration are small. Infiltration into a lighter-textured sandy loam after 24 h was on average 23% higher than in the other three soils with most of the increase occurring in the first 5 h of the simulation. Key Words: Soil texture, snowmelt, infiltration, frozen soils

Effect of Soil and Climate on Herbicide Dissipation

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. C. Burnside ◽  
C. R. Fenster ◽  
G. A. Wicks ◽  
J. V. Drew
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Herbicide Residues ◽  
Herbicide Residue

The persistence of five herbicides in six soils across Nebraska can be ranked from greatest to least as follows: 5-bromo-3-isopropyl-6-methyluracil (isocil) at 5 and 25 1b/A, 2-chloro-4,6-bis-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (propazine) at 3 and 9 1b/A, 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine (atrazine) at 3 and 9 1b/A, trichlorobenzyl chloride (hereinafter referred to as TCBC) at 7 and 49 1b/A, and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxyl-1-methylurea (linuron) at 3 and 9 1b/A. Soil texture differences (sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, silt loam, and silty clay loam) had a greater influence on herbicide residue carryover than did climatic differences across Nebraska during 1962 to 1968. Soil carryover of herbicide residues was greater in coarse rather than fine-textured soils and in the drier regions of western than in eastern Nebraska. Leaching of herbicides into the soil profile was an avenue of herbicide dissipation.

Fluometuron in Soil Solution as an Indicator of Its Efficacy in Three Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 688-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Patterson ◽  
Gale A. Buchanan ◽  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
Richard M. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam

Analysis of fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] in soil solution after application of 0.5 or 1.0 ppmw revealed up to five-fold differences among three Alabama soils (Lucedale fine sandy loam, Decatur silty clay loam, and Sacul loam). Differences in fluometuron in soil solution were attributed to variable organic matter present and clay fractions. Fluometuron concentration in soil solution for each soil correlated well with control of four broadleaf weed species in a field experiment.

Influence of Various Soil Properties on the Adsorption and Desorption of ICIA-0051 in Five Soils

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Wilson ◽  
Chester L. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Freundlich Equation ◽  
General Order ◽  
Highly Correlated

The soil organic matter and/or humic matter fraction was highly correlated with the adsorption of ICIA-0051 herbicide onto five soils; clay content and other soil factors were less correlated. The Freundlich equation was used to describe the adsorption of ICIA-0051 by the various soils. Based on the K constants, the general order for adsorption for each soil was Hyde silty clay loam > Frederick silt loam > Davidson clay = Bojac sandy loam > Appling loamy sand. Across all soils, 25 to 50% of the amount adsorbed was removed by two desorptions. Appling, Bojac, and Davidson soils retained less herbicide after two desorptions than did Frederick and Hyde.

EFFECT OF pH ON PLANT UPTAKE AND SOIL ADSORPTION OF 14C-FLURIDONE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. MALIK ◽  
D. S. H. DRENNAN
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Soil Adsorption

Experiments were conducted to obtain a better understanding of the role of pH on the availability of fluridone (1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-4(1 H)-pyridinone) in soil solution when used as a selective herbicide and the partitioning into aqueous and sediment phases when employed for aquatic plant control. Phytotoxicity of fluridone to seedling sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) plants increased with increasing pH of the sand-nutrient solution medium. Since stability and plant uptake of fluridone by bioassay plants were not affected by solution pH, the increasing phytotoxicity at basic pH was attributed to less adsorption and hence higher availability of the herbicide in solution. Soil adsorption studies with 14C-fluridone confirmed this trend, as the soil solution concentration at equilibrium increased from 0.091 to 0.258 μg mL−1 and from 0.216 to 0.354 μg mL−1, respectively, as pH of a sandy loam and silty clay loam increased from 3 to 9. In contrast, adsorption on the sandy loam and silty clay loam for the same pH range decreased from 4.108 to 2.435 μg g−1 and from 2.850 to 1.484 μg g−1, respectively. Smaller but significant changes in adsorption were also observed for an organic soil over this range. Key words: Herbicide, fluridone, pH, uptake, soil adsorption

Rice Response to Clomazone as Influenced by Application Rate, Soil Type, and Planting Date

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. O'Barr ◽  
Garry N. McCauley ◽  
Rodney W. Bovey ◽  
Scott A. Senseman ◽  
James M. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam

Clomazone is an effective herbicide widely used for PRE grass control in rice. However, use of clomazone on sandy textured soils of the western Texas rice belt can cause serious rice injury. Two field experiments at three locations were conducted in 2002 and 2003 to determine the optimum rate range that maximizes barnyardgrass and broadleaf signalgrass control and minimizes rice injury across a wide variety of soil textures and planting dates. At Beaumont (silty clay loam), Eagle Lake (fine sandy loam), and Ganado (fine sandy loam), TX, PRE application of 0.34 kg ai/ha clomazone applied to rice planted in March, April, or May optimized barnyardgrass and broadleaf signalgrass control and rice yield while minimizing rice injury. Data suggest that, although injury might occur, clomazone is safe to use in rice on sandy textured soils.

Simulating the vertical transition of soil textural layers in north-western China with a Markov chain model

Soil Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danfeng Li ◽  
Ming'an Shao
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Textural Type ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Log Normal Distribution

The heterogeneity of textures in soil profiles is important for quantifying the movement of water and solutes through soil. Soil-profile textures to a depth of 300 cm were investigated at 100 sites in a 100-km2 area in the central region of the Heihe River system, where oases coexist with widespread deserts and wetland. The probability distribution of textural-layer thickness was quantified. The vertical transition of the soil textural layers was characterised by a Markov chain–log-normal distribution (MC-LN) model based on the probability of one textural type transitioning to another. Nine types of textural layers were observed: sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, silt loam, loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, and clay. Sand was the most frequent in the profiles, whereas silt loam and clay were rare. The layers of sand and silty clay were relatively thick, and the layers of loam and clay were relatively thin. The coefficients of variation ranged from 36–87%, indicating moderate variation in the layer thickness of each textural type. The soil profile was characterised as a log-normal distribution. A χ2 test verified the Markov characteristic and the stability of the vertical change of soil textural layers. Realisations of the soil textural profiles were generated by the MC-LN model. A Monte Carlo simulation indicated that the simulated mean layer thickness of each textural type agreed well with the corresponding field observations. Element values of the transition probability matrix of the textural layers simulated by the MC-LN model deviated <12.6% from the measured values, excluding the data from the layers of clay and silt loam. The main combinations of upper to lower textural layers in the study area were loamy sand and sand (or sandy loam), sandy loam and sand (or loamy sand and loam), loam and clay loam, clay loam (or silty clay) and silty clay loam, and silty clay loam and silty clay. The MC-LN model was able to accurately quantify the vertical changes of textures in the soil profiles. This study will aid in quantification of water and solute transport in soils with vertical heterogeneity of soil textural layers.

scholarly journals Saline water irrigation in semiarid region: I – effects on soil chemical properties

2019 ◽  
pp. 1169-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Guilherme Medeiros Pessoa ◽  
Maria Betânia Galvão dos Santos Freire ◽  
Renato Lemos dos Santos ◽  
Fernando José Freire ◽  
Márcio Fléquisson Alves Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam

The use of saline water for crop irrigation is a commonly adopted practice among the farmers in the semiarid regions around the world, but the magnitude of soil salinization resulting from the use of these waters is currently insufficiently understood. This work aims to evaluate the chemical attribute changes of two Fluvisols cultivated with onion and subjected to irrigation with increasing levels of salinity, expressed by electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). Sandy loam and silty clay loam soils were irrigated with three different levels of saline waters with electrical conductivity (EC - 200, 700 and 2,000 μS cm-1) and six levels of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR - 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 (mmolc L-1)0.5). Thus, the experiment consisted of a complete factorial arrangement 2 x 3 x 6 (two soils, three EC levels and six SAR levels), in four replicates. The soils were cultivated with onion and pH levels of the soil were measured at 90 days after transplanting, as were the contents of exchangeable and soluble cations. ESP and SAR values were then calculated. This study revealed that the use of water with salinity at or above 700 μS cm-1 is capable of promoting changes in the chemical properties of soils and the continuous use of irrigation water with high EC and high SAR values may promote salinization and sodification of Fluvisols in a semiarid environment. These changes were found to be more severe in silty clay loam soils than in sandy loam soils.

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