Sweet Potato Periderm Components Inhibit Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Growth

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard F. Harrison ◽  
Joseph K. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Weight Concentration ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Sequential extraction and chromatographic procedures were used to isolate inhibitors of yellow nutsedge growth from sweet potato periderm tissue. Most of the inhibitory activity was found in a single high pressure liquid chromatography peak that contained 1.2% of the periderm dry weight. Concentration-response data indicated that yellow nutsedge is highly sensitive to this fraction. Several other fractions inhibited yellow nutsedge root growth, but they did not compose a major portion of the inhibitory capacity of the periderm extracts.

Allelopathic Effects of Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) on Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard F. Harrison ◽  
Joseph K. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Wide Range

Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to determine the allelopathic potential of two sweet potato [Ipomoea batatasL. (Lam.)] cultivars, ‘Regal’ and ‘SC 1149-19’. Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. # CYPES) and alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) plants grown in soil from sweet potato field plots accumulated less dry matter than plants grown in soil from adjacent weedy plots. Growth of yellow nutsedge and alfalfa plants was also reduced when grown in a potting medium containing decomposing sweet potato plants in comparison to plants grown in potting medium alone. When the sweet potato potting medium mixture was incubated at 25 C and tested weekly using an alfalfa growth bioassay, inhibition was high initially but decreased over time and was not observed after a 12-week incubation. Aqueous methanol (50%)-soluble extracts of sweet potato periderm were inhibitory to yellow nutsedge root growth in vermiculite and alfalfa seed germination on filter paper. Regal extracts were inhibitory to yellow nutsedge root growth at a concentration of 2.5 mg periderm extracted/ml, but SC 1149-19 extract was inhibitory only at a concentration eight times higher. Similar differences between cultivars were observed with the alfalfa germination bioassay. Preliminary separation of the Regal periderm extract by paper chromatography indicated the presence of phenolic compounds with a wide range of polarities. Several of these UV-visible compounds were inhibitory to alfalfa germination.

Effects of Glyphosate on Growth and the Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Levels of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Cañal Villanueva ◽  
B. Fernandez Muñiz ◽  
R. Sanchez Tames
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Underground System ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Secondary Shoot

Growth and the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured in greenhouse-grown yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. ♯ CYPES), following treatment with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine]. Herbicide was applied as a foliar spray at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mM. After 2 weeks, growth was inhibited, and chlorosis and leaf apex necrosis were observed. Plant height was reduced, leaf fresh weight was decreased by 40%, and leaf dry weight was slightly affected. Rhizome, tuber, and secondary shoot formation was strongly inhibited, but root development was not affected by glyphosate treatment. With the 10-mM treatment, dry weight of the underground system was reduced by 80%. Chlorophyll and carotenoid levels were decreased by 52 and 54%, respectively, following glyphosate treatment.

Effect of Corn (Zea mays) Seeding Date on the Growth of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zain Ghafar ◽  
Alan K. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Tuber Production

Major differences in above- ground biomass and tuber production of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. # CYPES) were not observed when corn (Zea maysL. “CO-OP S265”) was seeded on different dates (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th week of May; and 1st week of June). The final seedbed was prepared just prior to each seeding date and this cultivation stimulated dormant tubers to sprout. As a result, a large population of yellow nutsedge emerged with the corn at all seeding dates. Because fertilizer was banded near the corn row, yellow nutsedge biomass, tuber dry weight and number of tubers were higher within corn rows than between rows. Tuber size was affected by seeding date and shifted toward smaller tubers within corn rows and larger tubers between the rows as the corn was sown late. The optimum seeding date of corn was in the 3rd week of May when the highest corn yield was obtained and yellow nutsedge growth was generally reduced.

scholarly journals Relationship between the levels of abscisic acid in latent buds, in leaves and in internodes of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot during the dormancy phase

OENO One ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Tayeb Koussa ◽  
Driss Zaoui ◽  
Michel Broquedis
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
High Pressure Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Aba Content

<p style="text-align: justify;">The levels of free and bound ABA (<em>cis</em>-ABA and <em>cis</em>-ABA-GE) were quantified weekly during the dormancy phase of three years in leaves, in latent buds and in internodes grapevine (<em>Vitis vinifera</em> L. cv. Merlot) by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). An inverse variation between <em>cis</em>-ABA and <em>cis</em>-ABA-GE levels was observed in buds and in internodes during some phases of their development. This result seems suggest a possible interconversion phenomenon between these two ABA forms as described in others organs by some authors. The development of ABA in leaves, in buds and in internodes, showed three successive maximums of <em>cis</em>-ABA. The first maximum was observed in leaves during onset of dormancy, the second maximum in buds during dormancy and the last in internodes during the leaf fall. Maximums of <em>cis</em>-ABA in leaves and in buds are approximatively the some values (around of 150 µg/100 g Dry Weight) whereas in internodes is lower (60 µg/100 g Dry Weight). An inverse variation between <em>cis</em>-ABA of leaves and <em>cis</em>-ABA of buds was observed suggesting that the increase of <em>cis</em>-ABA in buds was caused by the <em>cis</em>-ABA translocation from leaves but also from roots. The removal of leaves on september 1997 during the dormancy phase, before leaf fall period, induced an increase of <em>cis</em>-ABA content in buds and internodes. These results seem suggest that before leaf fall period, ABA of buds and internodes were translocated to leaves. During this same period, the removal of leaves and buds induced a slightly soften of ABA content increase in internodes, that seems indicate that ABA was greatly translocated from roots. During the period of leaf fall, the leaf removal traitment induced a decrease of <em>cis</em>-ABA levels in buds and in internodes while the same traitment associated to buds removal stabilized the ABA levels in internodes. During this period, ABA seems exported from leaves to buds and internodes and the roots don't appear to operate significantly in the development of ABA in these two organs.</p>

Sweet Potato Allelopathic Substance Inhibits Growth of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Peterson ◽  
H. F. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Allelopathic Substance

The allelopathic influence of sweet potato cultivar ‘Regal’ on purple nutsedge was compared to the influence on yellow nutsedge under controlled conditions. Purple nutsedge shoot dry weight, total shoot length and tuber numbers were significantly lower than the controls (47, 36, and 19% inhibition, respectively). The influence on the same parameters for yellow nutsedge (35, 21, and 43% inhibition, respectively) were not significantly different from purple nutsedge. Sweet potato shoot dry weight was inhibited by purple and yellow nutsedge by 42% and 45%, respectively. The major allelopathic substance from ‘Regal’ root periderm tissue was isolated and tested in vitro on the two sedges. The I50's for shoot growth, root number, and root length were 118, 62, and 44 μg/ml, respectively, for yellow nutsedge. The I50's for root number and root length were 91 and 85 μg/ml, respectively, for purple nutsedge and the I50for shoot growth could not be calculated.

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) and Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) Response to Soil- and Foliar-Applied Mesotrione

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. McCurdy ◽  
J. Scott McElroy ◽  
Greg K. Breeden
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Root Absorption ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Mesotrione, a carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor, is being evaluated for use in turfgrass systems. It was hypothesized that root absorption of soil-applied mesotrione is necessary for effective weed control. Greenhouse studies were conducted to compare the effects of foliar-, soil-, and soil-plus-foliar–applied mesotrione at 0.14 and 0.28 kg ai/ha on yellow nutsedge and large crabgrass. In general, greatest control of yellow nutsedge and large crabgrass was by treatments that included soil application. In addition, mesotrione applied at 0.28 kg/ha generally controlled both yellow nutsedge and large crabgrass more effectively than mesotrione applied at 0.14 kg/ha. Soil- and soil-plus-foliar–applied mesotrione at 0.28 kg/ha controlled yellow nutsedge more than foliar-applied mesotrione 56 d after treatment. Soil-plus-foliar–applied mesotrione at 0.28 kg/ha controlled large crabgrass more than any other treatment 28 d after treatment. Soil- and soil-plus-foliar–applied mesotrione at both rates reduced large crabgrass foliar dry weight more effectively than did foliar-applied mesotrione. Results indicate that root absorption of mesotrione from soil is beneficial for the effective control of both yellow nutsedge and large crabgrass. For this reason, methods such as granular or high-volume applications, which enhance delivery of mesotrione to soil, would be potentially beneficial for turfgrass weed control.

Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) interference in simulated sweetpotato plant beds

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-410
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Meyers ◽  
T. Casey Barickman ◽  
Jeffrey L. Main ◽  
Thomas Horgan
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Masonry Sand

AbstractGreenhouse experiments were conducted in 2016 at Pontotoc and Verona, MS. On March 3 (Pontotoc) and March 7 (Verona), landscape fabric was placed in the bottom of polyethylene lugs, each 0.22 m2, then approximately 5 cm of a 1:1 (v/v) blend of soilless potting media and masonry sand was added. ‘Beauregard’ sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L). Lam.] storage roots weighing between 85 and 227 g, and several with emerging sprouts ≤1 cm, were placed longitudinally in a single layer on the substrate, then covered with an additional 3 cm of the substrate. Sprouted yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) tubers were transplanted equidistantly into sweetpotato-containing lugs at six densities: 0, 18, 36, 73, 109, and 145 m−2. Trials were terminated 55 and 60 d after planting at Pontotoc and Verona, respectively. Predicted total sweetpotato stem cuttings (slips) decreased linearly from 399 to 312 m−2 as C. esculentus density increased from 0 to 145 m−2. Predicted total slip dry weight at a C. esculentus density of 145 m−2 was reduced 21% compared with 0 m−2. Predicted rotten sweetpotato storage roots increased from 2.6 to 11.3 m−2 as C. esculentus density increased from 0 to 145 m−2. In response to increasing C. esculentus density, sweetpotato seed roots exhibited increased proximal-end dominance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document