Propanil and Adjuvants for Barnyardgrass Control in Rice

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Aqueous Systems ◽  
Alkylaryl Sulfonate ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Paraffinic Oil ◽  
Foliage Spray

A nonphytotoxic paraffinic oil at 2.5, 5, and 10% (v/v) or a blended alkylaryl sulfonate surfactant at 0.5, 1, and 2% (v/v) did not enhance the activity of propanil (3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide) at 1.7, 3.4, and 6.7 kg/ha applied as a foliage spray in aqueous systems on barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv.] or rice (Oryza sativaL. ‘Starbonnet’). Time and rate of applying propanil affected control of barnyardgrass. Barnyardgrass control and rice yield were best with treatments of 3.4 or 6.7 kg/ha of propanil to four-leaf grass plants. Propanil at 6.7 kg/ha controlled tillering and jointing barnyardgrass well enough to increase grain yields over those of untreated rice.

Tolerance of Rice (Oryza sativa) to Acifluorfen and Triclopyr Applied Alone or in Mixtures by Propanil

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Grain Milling ◽  
Milling Yield

Acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} applied alone and in mixtures with propanil [N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)propanamide] reduced rough grain yield of rice (Oryza sativaL. ‘Lebonnet’ or ‘Bond’) by 7% when applied at the late-booting or heading growth stages, averaged over several rates of application. Earlier applications did not reduce rice yield. The highest rate (0.6 kg ai/ha) of acifluorfen alone and in mixtures with propanil at 3.4 kg ai/ha reduced grain yields more than lower rates (0.1 or 0.3 kg ai/ha). Triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy] acetic acid} alone and in mixtures with propanil reduced rough grain yields of rice by 18% when applied at the late-booting growth stage, averaged over several rates of applications, but did not affect yields when applied at the early-tillering, jointing, or early-booting growth stages. Whole-grain milling yield and germination of rice seed were not affected by acifluorfen or triclopyr alone or in mixtures with propanil, regardless of rate or growth stage of application.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity analysis in indigenous rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm for Bacterial Leaf Blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae) using resistance genes linked markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khannetah K. R . ◽  
Ramchander S. ◽  
Andrew Peter Leon M. T ◽  
Shobha D. ◽  
Saravanan S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Leaf Clipping ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Abstract Among rice ( Oryza sativa L.) diseases, bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryza pv. Oryzae , plays a pivotal role in decreasing rice yield. BB is reported to be the most serious constraint to improving rice yield. The present investigation assessed the potentiality of bacterial blight resistance and molecular characterization of 100 rice accessions for four major BB resistance genes, viz., Xa4, xa5, xa13 and Xa21 . Disease screening was carried out under glasshouse conditions using a BB culture isolated from BB-infected rice fields through the leaf clipping method. Analyses of 13 BB resistance genes linked with polymorphic microsatellites markers indicated the presence of single-, two-, three- and four-gene combinations of xa5, xa13, Xa4 and Xa21 . We found four accessions to be resistant; 34 accessions to be moderately resistant; 49 accessions to be moderately susceptible and 13 accessions to be susceptible. Among the resistant lines, IR12L110, Namcheonbyeo, Dhalaheera and SahbhagiDhan recorded a minimum lesion length of 3.7cm, 4.2cm, 4.67cm and 8.3 cm, respectively. Phylogenetic tree, constructed using molecular data, grouped the rice germplasm into four major clusters. R genes xa 5 and Xa4 contributed 14 positive compatible R genes, each belonging to 28 germplasm for BB resistance. The potential genetic resources identified as resistant to BB can be used as donors for the improvement of rice BB resistance in rice breeding programs.

Herbicides for Control ofLeptochloa panicoidesin Water-Seeded Rice

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Sequential Treatments ◽  
Effective Treatments

Postemergence herbicide treatments that controlled tighthead sprangletop [Leptochloa panicoides(Presl) Hitchc.] and redstem (Ammannia auriculataWilld.), did not injure water-seeded rice (Oryza sativaL.), and substantially improved grain yields included: (a) a single application of propanil (3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide) at 4.5 kg/ha applied to weeds 8- to 10-cm tall; (b) two sequential treatments of propanil each at 3.4 kg/ha, with the first treatment applied to weeds 2- to 5-cm tall, and a second treatment applied 4 to 8 days later; (c) a tank mixture of propanil at 3.4 kg/ha and 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 0.6 kg/ha, applied to weeds 8- to 10-cm tall; and (d) a tank mixture of propanil and molinate (S-ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine-1-carbothioate), each at 2.2 kg/ha, applied to weeds 8- to 10-cm tall. Treatments that controlled tighthead sprangletop or redstem unsatisfactorily or inconsistently and did not improve grain yields as much as more effective treatments included: preplant or postemergence treatments of molinate, or preplant treatments of nitrofen (2,4-dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether), fluorodifen (p-nitrophenylα,α,α-trifluoro-2-nitro-p-tolyl ether), CNP (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether), or He-314 (p-nitrophenyl-m-tolyl ether).

Efficacy of reduced-rate herbicide combinations in dry-seeded rice (Oryza sativa) on alluvial clay soil

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Alluvial Clay

Research was conducted from 1993 through 1995 to evaluate barnyardgrass control, rice yield, and estimated economic return with POST applications of propanil or propanil + molinate applied alone or with quinclorac. Herbicides were applied under a variety of water management practices and environmental conditions at rates ranging from 1.1 to 3.4, 1.7 to 5.6, and 0.17 to 0.40 kg ai ha−1for propanil, propanil + molinate, and quinclorac, respectively. Reduced-rate combinations of propanil or propanil + molinate with reduced rates of quinclorac controlled small, actively growing barnyardgrass and provided yields and estimated economic returns similar to combinations of these herbicides at higher rates when irrigated. When herbicides were applied to larger barnyardgrass, propanil + molinate at 5.6 kg ha−1was more effective than propanil at 3.4 kg ha−1or quinclorac at 0.40 kg ha−1applied alone. Propanil + molinate applied with quinclorac at 0.28 or 0.40 kg ha−1controlled barnyardgrass more effectively and provided higher yields and greater estimated economic returns than propanil at 3.4 kg ha−1, propanil + molinate at 5.6 kg ha−1, quinclorac at 0.17, 0.28, or 0.40 kg ha−1, or combinations of propanil and quinclorac.

Interspecific and Intraspecific Interference of Broadleaf Signalgrass (Brachiaria platyphylla) in Rice (Oryza sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. McGregor ◽  
Roy J. Smith ◽  
Ronald E. Talbert
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Rough Rice ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Brachiaria Platyphylla

Field experiments were conducted in 1984 and 1985 at Stuttgart, AR, to investigate the interspecific and intraspecific interference of broadleaf signalgrass densities of 0, 10, 50, 100, and 150 plants/m2with rice. In 1984, significant reductions in rice leaf area index (LAI) occurred 6 weeks after emergence with all broadleaf signalgrass densities. The first reduction in LAI occurred 8 weeks after emergence at the density of 150 plants/m2in 1985. Densities of 50 plants/m2or greater reduced rice dry weight 6 weeks after emergence in 1984, and the highest density of 150 plants/m2reduced rice dry weight 12 weeks after emergence in 1985. Height of rice was reduced by densities of 100 and 150 plants/m2. Linear regression equations indicated that each broadleaf signalgrass plant/m2reduced rough rice yield 18 kg/ha both years. Growth of broadleaf signalgrass was reduced by interspecific and intraspecific interference. The dry weight of broadleaf signalgrass increased at a decreasing rate at plant densities of 100 to 150/m2when grown alone in 1984 and 1985, when a quadratic equation best described the response. Regression equations indicated interspecific interference from rice reduced broadleaf signalgrass dry weight an average of 48 and 81% in 1984 and 1985, respectively. The height of broadleaf signalgrass was greater when grown with rice than when grown alone.

scholarly journals SPATIAL MODELING OF BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND RICE YIELD (ORYZA SATIVA L.) IN THE SENEGAL RIVER DELTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 05 (06) ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
Eric KALY ◽  
Daouda NGOM ◽  
Sékouna DIATTA ◽  
Abdoul Aziz DIOUF ◽  
Raymond MALOU
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Spatial Modeling ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Senegal River

scholarly journals Advances in Genetics and Breeding of Rice: An Overview

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
E. A. Siddiq ◽  
Lakshminarayana R. Vemireddy
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
African Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.) is life for more than half of the human population on Earth. In the history of rice breeding, two major yield breakthroughs or leaps occurred, which phenomenally revolutionized rice breeding: the Green Revolution in the 1960s and hybrid technology in the 1970s. However, the fruits of these technologies have not spread globally to all rice-growing areas, especially African countries, for diverse reasons. It is estimated that at least 50% more rice yield is needed to feed the anticipated nine billion people by 2050. This clearly warrants another breakthrough in rice. It is apparent that the currently used conventional and molecular marker-assisted methods need to be updated with multi-pronged approaches involving innovative cutting-edge technologies for achieving the next breakthrough in rice. Here, we attempt to discuss the exciting avenues for the next advances in rice breeding by exploiting cutting-edge technologies.

Glufosinate-Resistant, BAR-Transformed Rice (Oryza sativa) and Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Response to Glufosinate Alone and in Mixtures

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 662-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujatha Sankula ◽  
Michael P. Braverman ◽  
Steven D. Linscombe
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Second Year ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Glufosinate applied postemergence alone and in mixture with pendimethalin, thiobencarb, quinclorac, propanil, bensulfuron, bentazon, acifluorfen, or triclopyr was evaluated on bialaphosresistant (BAR) rice and red rice in field studies. Glufosinate at 2.2 kg ai/ha alone was less phytotoxic (6%) to BAR-transformed rice than when it was applied in combination with 0.4 kg ai/ha triclopyr (59%) or 0.6 kg ai/ha acifluorfen (22%). Rice yield with glufosinate alone was similar to the weed-free check the first year, but 13% less than the weed-free check the second year. For the glufosinate plus triclopyr mixture, rice yield was reduced by 39 and 76% compared with glufosinate alone in 1994 and 1995, respectively. Red rice control was 92% with either 3.4 kg ai/ha propanil or 0.6 kg/ha acifluorfen mixed with 0.6 kg/ha glufosinate, which was greater than for glufosinate alone and the other combinations. Propanil or acifluorfen mixed with glufosinate reduced red rice plant height, panicle maturity, and 100-seed weight 16, 31, and 24%, respectively, compared to glufosinate alone and 30, 48, and 43%, respectively, compared to the nontreated weedy check.

Interference Durations of Bearded Sprangletop (Leptochloa fascicularis) in Rice (Oryza sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Frank Carey ◽  
Roy J. Smith ◽  
Ronald E. Talbert
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Grain Yields

Effects of bearded sprangletop interference durations on Lemont and Newbonnet rice cultivars were studied. Interference durations of 63, 70, and 130 d after rice emergence reduced Lemont grain yields 11, 21, and 50%, respectively, and lowered Newbonnet grain yields 11, 13, and 37%, respectively. Interference durations of 21 to 56 d after emergence did not reduce grain yields of either cultivar. Bearded sprangletop grown in Lemont rice produced more biomass than that in Newbonnet. Season-long interference reduced plant height and straw dry weight of Lemont more than that of Newbonnet.

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