scholarly journals Advances in Genetics and Breeding of Rice: An Overview

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
E. A. Siddiq ◽  
Lakshminarayana R. Vemireddy
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
African Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.) is life for more than half of the human population on Earth. In the history of rice breeding, two major yield breakthroughs or leaps occurred, which phenomenally revolutionized rice breeding: the Green Revolution in the 1960s and hybrid technology in the 1970s. However, the fruits of these technologies have not spread globally to all rice-growing areas, especially African countries, for diverse reasons. It is estimated that at least 50% more rice yield is needed to feed the anticipated nine billion people by 2050. This clearly warrants another breakthrough in rice. It is apparent that the currently used conventional and molecular marker-assisted methods need to be updated with multi-pronged approaches involving innovative cutting-edge technologies for achieving the next breakthrough in rice. Here, we attempt to discuss the exciting avenues for the next advances in rice breeding by exploiting cutting-edge technologies.

The Migration History of Black Africans to Britain

2017 ◽  
pp. 188-204
Author(s):  
Thomas Domboka
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Black Africans ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Migration History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
History Of Migration

The purpose of this chapter is to provide the history of migration of black Africans into Britain and a backdrop for subsequent chapters. An understanding of the migration history of Black Africans is important as it helps us to understand the nature and extent of their entrepreneurial and transnational activity. The conveniently splits into three sections covering three phases or waves of migration covering the period between the 1960s to the beginning of the 21st century. The chapter shows that the reasons and motivation of migration is different with each of the phases of migration. The first phase (1960s – 1970s) consisted of restrained migration from a few African countries namely Nigeria and Ghana and was driven by the desire to acquire education. The second phase (1980s – 1990s) consisted of limited migration from an increased number of countries and still driven by education and some limited refugees. The third phase (Mid 1990s onwards) consisted of unrestrained migration largely driven by economic reasons.

The Migration History of Black Africans to Britain

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Thomas Domboka
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Black Africans ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Migration History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
History Of Migration

The purpose of this chapter is to provide the history of migration of black Africans into Britain and a backdrop for subsequent chapters. An understanding of the migration history of Black Africans is important as it helps us to understand the nature and extent of their entrepreneurial and transnational activity. The conveniently splits into three sections covering three phases or waves of migration covering the period between the 1960s to the beginning of the 21st century. The chapter shows that the reasons and motivation of migration is different with each of the phases of migration. The first phase (1960s – 1970s) consisted of restrained migration from a few African countries namely Nigeria and Ghana and was driven by the desire to acquire education. The second phase (1980s – 1990s) consisted of limited migration from an increased number of countries and still driven by education and some limited refugees. The third phase (Mid 1990s onwards) consisted of unrestrained migration largely driven by economic reasons.

Imran Ali. The Punjab under Imperialism 1885 - 1947. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988. ix + 264 pp.$ 49.50 (Hardback).

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-272
Author(s):  
Khwaja Sarmad
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Behaviour ◽  
Princeton University ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Suitable Environment

The title of Ali's book needs to be clarified. The work does not cover what is currently the entire Punjab, East and West. It is an economic history of the development of the canal colonies in the Punjab. These canal colonies fell entirely into Pakistan's area when the subcontinent was partitioned in 1947. So the work has special significance for the canal colony region of the Punjab, Pakistan. As such, Ali's book fills a great need for two reasons. First, in Pakistan the green revolution has been based in the canal colonies. The rate and comprehensiveness of adoption of the package has been greater in the canal colonies compared to the other regions. If the canal colonies provided such a suitable environment for the adoption of agrarian technical change in the 1960s, then there is a need to assess their emergence and economic impact in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The question is: Did the emergence of the canal colonies result in an agrarian revolution at that time? This forms Ali's main problematic. And his answer is that the political and economic objectives of British imperial interests in the Punjab overrode their development interests, with the result that the canal colonies did not fulm their growth potential. The second need that Ali's work fills is to raise the question of the political behaviour of the Punjab. This question needs to be raised for two time periods, namely in the state of Pakistan since 1947, and earlier, during the independence movement in the first half of this century.

scholarly journals AFL-CIO Against the AUCCTU: Struggle for Influence in Tradeunion Movement of Africa (the Late 1950th - 1960th)

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Trade Union ◽  
African Region ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Trade Union Movement ◽  
The North ◽  
Union Movement ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Given

One of important episodes of cold war is considered in the article, when two leading trade-union centers of opposing parties (AFL-CIO and AUCCTU) developed a fight for influence and attraction on their side of trade union movement of the African countries. In this context the aim not to admit strengthening of the rival in the given region and to use the influence for advancement of foreign policy of their states was pursued. The expansion of the US trade union center in Africa began in the North African region, where the AFL-CIO supported national liberation movements in these countries, helped establish national trade union centers in Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco; the reasons for the deterioration of their relationship with the AFL-CIO in the future are considered. There are analyzed the methods used by AFL-CIO and the AUCCTU to attract African unions to their side, and the policy of balancing African labor leaders in these conditions. The changes in the policies of the Soviet and American trade union centers after 1960 (“Year of Africa”), when immediately 17 African states became independent, are analyzed. After that, the AFL-CIO and the AUCCTU identified for themselves priority countries in Africa, which are becoming a kind of «bridgeheads», «strongholds» for the development of their activities on the continent. For the AUCCTU this is Guinea; for the AFL-CIO – Kenya. It was found out how it happened that the AUCCTU actually lost its «bridgehead». The history of the confrontation between the trade union centers of the two superpowers for the influence in the trade union movement of Kenya, which became the stronghold of the AFL-CIO in Africa, is examined. The author concludes that the balance of power following the results of the struggle between the AFL-CIO and the AUCCTU for influence in Africa by the end of the 1960s evolved not in favor of the latter.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamilu Karaye ◽  
Abdulrazaq Habib ◽  
Karen Sliwa
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy ◽  
African Women ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Black African ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a disease that predominantly affects Black African women. The history of peripartum cardiac failure in Africa dates to the 1960s, before the availability of echocardiography. With the availability of echocardiography in the late 1970s, studies on well-characterised PPCM began to be reported. To date, there is no population-based PPCM study in Africa. However, hospital-based studies have reported incidence rates as high as 1:100 deliveries in Nigeria and representing up to 52% of all cardiomyopathies. For reasons that are not yet very clear, there are obvious wide disparities in incidence and prevalence within and between African Countries. Likewise, prevalence of suggested risk factors for the disease vary widely between studies. However, the disease seems to be more common among the poor rural population. Clinical outcomes are much worse in Africa than in Western Europe and North America. Mortality rates as high as 24.2% at 6 months and 47.4% at 1 year of follow-up had been recorded in Kano, Nigeria, 48.3% over 4 years in Burkina Faso, 11.6% over 6 months in Zimbabwe and 13.0% over 6 months in South Africa. It is hoped that the ongoing peripartum cardiomyopathy in Nigeria (PEACE) Registry and the worldwide EURObservational Research Programme (EORP) on PPCM will soon shed more light on the epidemiology of PPCM in Africa. The present article aimed to review the epidemiology of the disease in Africa, where the disease is relatively more common.

A note on John Hawkins (1761–1841) and the Hawkins archive

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-268
Author(s):  
R. J. CLEEVELY
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

A note dealing with the history of the Hawkins Papers, including the material relating to John Hawkins (1761–1841) presented to the West Sussex Record Office in the 1960s, recently transferred to the Cornwall County Record Office, Truro, in order to be consolidated with the major part of the Hawkins archive held there. Reference lists to the correspondence of Sibthorp-Hawkins, Hawkins-Sibthorp, and Hawkins to his mother mentioned in The Flora Graeca story (Lack, 1999) are provided.

A history of botanical collections in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-291
Author(s):  
P.S.M. PHIRI ◽  
D.M. MOORE
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Made In

Central Africa remained botanically unknown to the outside world up to the end of the eighteenth century. This paper provides a historical account of plant explorations in the Luangwa Valley. The first plant specimens were collected in 1897 and the last serious botanical explorations were made in 1993. During this period there have been 58 plant collectors in the Luangwa Valley with peak activity recorded in the 1960s. In 1989 1,348 species of vascular plants were described in the Luangwa Valley. More botanical collecting is needed with a view to finding new plant taxa, and also to provide a satisfactory basis for applied disciplines such as ecology, phytogeography, conservation and environmental impact assessment.

Islands of Stability: Engaging Emergence from Cellular Automata to the Occupy Movement

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Occupy Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

"Instead of considering »being with« in terms of non-problematic, machine-like places, where reliable entities assemble in stable relationships, STS conjures up a world where the achievement of chancy stabilisations and synchronisations is local.We have to analyse how and where a certain regularity and predictability in the intersection of scientists and their instruments, say, or of human individuals and groups, is produced.The paper reviews models of emergence drawn from the history of cybernetics—the canonical »black box,« homeostats, and cellular automata—to enrich our imagination of the stabilisation process, and discusses the concept of »variety« as a way of clarifying its difficulty, with the antiuniversities of the 1960s and the Occupy movement as examples. Failures of »being with« are expectable. In conclusion, the paper reviews approaches to collective decision-making that reduce variety without imposing a neoliberal hierarchy. "

State-run celebration of Liberation Day in Czechoslovakia (based on audiovisual sources)

2019 ◽  
pp. 251-268
Author(s):  
Timur Gimadeev
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Military

The article deals with the history of celebrating the Liberation Day in Czechoslovakia organised by the state. Various aspects of the history of the holiday have been considered with the extensive use of audiovisual documents (materials from Czechoslovak newsreels and TV archives), which allowed for a detailed analysis of the propaganda representation of the holiday. As a result, it has been possible to identify the main stages of the historical evolution of the celebrations of Liberation Day, to discover the close interdependence between these stages and the country’s political development. The establishment of the holiday itself — its concept and the military parade as the main ritual — took place in the first post-war years, simultaneously with the consolidation of the Communist regime in Czechoslovakia. Later, until the end of the 1960s, the celebrations gradually evolved along the political regime, acquiring new ritual forms (ceremonial meetings, and “guards of memory”). In 1968, at the same time as there was an attempt to rethink the entire socialist regime and the historical experience connected with it, an attempt was made to reconstruct Liberation Day. However, political “normalisation” led to the normalisation of the celebration itself, which played an important role in legitimising the Soviet presence in the country. At this stage, the role of ceremonial meetings and “guards of memory” increased, while inventions released in time for 9 May appeared and “May TV” was specially produced. The fall of the Communist regime in 1989 led to the fall of the concept of Liberation Day on 9 May, resulting in changes of the title, date and paradigm of the holiday, which became Victory Day and has been since celebrated on 8 May.

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