Some Quantitative Aspects of the Phytotoxicity of Monoterpenes

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Owen Asplund
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Triticum Vulgare ◽  
Molar Basis

The phytotoxic monoterpenes, camphor, pulegone, and borneol, exhibit a marked synergistic action when used in combination. On a molar basis, these phytotoxic concentrations are enhanced from 40 to 100 times by using two compounds simultaneously. The toxicity of these compounds is about the same for radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and wheat (Triticum vulgare Vill.) but is less by an average of tenfold for oats (Avena sativa L.). When the compounds are used singly, they are from 3 to 12 times as effective in inhibiting root elongation as they are in inhibition of germination.

scholarly journals SELEÇÃO DE PLANTAS QUANTIFICADORAS DE HERBICIDAS RESIDUAIS

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDERSON LUIZ NUNES ◽  
RIBAS ANTONIO VIDAL
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L

A determinação da concentração de compostos no solo por meio de plantas quantificadoras apresenta como principal vantagem detectar somente resíduos biologicamente ativos, não havendo necessidade de instrumentos onerosos e de prévia extração dos resíduos do solo. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo selecionar plantas quantificadoras da presença de herbicidas residuais (pré emergentes) para o uso em bioensaios. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental completamente casualizado com arranjo bifatorial 8 x 6, com cinco repetições. O fator A consistiu de espécies cultiváveis e o fator B de herbicidas aplicados em pré emergência. Os resultados evidenciaram que a sensibilidade na detecção do herbicida no solo depende da espécie utilizada. A sensibilidade das espécies Lactuca sativa L. e Raphanus sativus var. sativus L. não permitiu condições de quantificar a presença dos herbicidas atrazina, cloransulam, imazaquin, metribuzin e S-metolacloro. Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus Metzger é potencial quantificador de imazaquin e S metolacloro. Plantas de Curcubita pepo L. são promissoras na bioavaliação de metribuzin. A espécie Cucumis sativus L. mostrou-se potencial bioindicadora de cloransulan e imazaquin. Avena sativa L. apresentou-se como potencial quantificadora de imazaquin e metribuzin. Hordeum vulgare L. pode quantificar o metribuzin e Triticum aestivum L. é promissor na detecção da biodisponibilidade de atrazina.

Aluminium-phosphorus interactions on growth and some physiological traits of carrot and radish plants

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Total Amino Acids

aluminium treatment caused a significant decrease in root length and dry matter yield in the shoots and roots of carrot (Daucus carota L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) plants. this reduction was concomitant with a decrease in the accumulation of soluble sugars and total amino acids, whereas a significant increase in the proline content of the shoots and roots was detected. Soluble protein remained more or less unchanged when Al was applied at low and moderate levels. However, at higher Al levels, the losses in soluble sugars were accompanied by increases in soluble protein in radish, whereas in carrot the opposite effect was observed.  The application of phosphorus fertilizer to al-treated plants counteracted the toxic effect of aluminium by increasing root elongation and dry matter production. This was associated with high contents of soluble sugars and soluble protein as well as ca, mg and p, especially at low and moderate levels of aluminium

scholarly journals Características productivas de cultivos forrajeros en sistemas de producción de leche, Nariño, Colombia

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-192
Author(s):  
David Felipe Nieto-Sierra ◽  
Diego Hernán Meneses-Buitrago ◽  
Sonia Patricia Morales-Montero ◽  
Filadelfo Hernández-Oviedo ◽  
Edwin Castro-Rincón
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Introducción. El pasto es la fuente principal de alimentación de los rumiantes, sin embargo, este no es capaz de aportar los nutrientes necesarios requeridos para su mantenimiento y productividad, sumado a esto, en el trópico alto es muy notable la estacionalidad de producción de forrajes, por lo que es muy importante conocer otras alternativas de alimentación. Objetivo. Caracterizar y evaluar diez cultivos forrajeros como fuentes alternativas de suplementación en sistemas de producción de leche en el trópico alto de Nariño. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó en tres localidades (L1, L2 Y L3) representativas de la cuenca lechera del departamento de Nariño entre noviembre de 2016 y setiembre de 2017. Se empleó un diseño de bloques completos al azar (BCA) con diez tratamientos Vicia faba (alpargata), Vicia faba (roja), Vicia faba (común), Zea mayz var. ICA V-305, Raphanus sativus L., Beta vulgaris, Avena sativa var. Cayuse, Phalaris sp., Medicago sativa L. var. moapa, Medicago sativa L. var. 10 10, tres repeticiones y comparación de medias al 0,05. Al momento de la cosecha se estimó: rendimiento de forraje verde y materia seca, proteína cruda (PC), fibra detergente neutro (FDN), fibra detergente ácido (FDA), lignina, hemicelulosa, digestibilidad de la materia seca y energía neta de lactancia (ENL). Resultados. Las especies destacadas fueron la haba (las tres variedades) y la remolacha forrajera, por su rendimiento y calidad nutricional, las cuales presentaron valores entre 7,48 y 20,24 % para PC y 1,14 y 1,49 Mcal kg-1 para ENL. Se presentaron diferencias entre tratamientos para cada localidad, tanto en las variables productivas como en las nutricionales. Conclusión. Las especies forrajeras de mayor rendimiento productivo y calidad nutricional fueron la haba (roja, común y alpargata) y la remolacha.

scholarly journals Biotesting of cultivation zoocompost of Hermetia illucens larvae

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-335
Author(s):  
Elena N. Goncharova ◽  
Ivan R. Kurzenev ◽  
Marina I. Vasilenko ◽  
Evgeniy A. Pendyurin
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Triticum Vulgare ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Hermetia Illucens Larvae

A by-product of protein production from the larvae of the black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens ) is a zoocompost consisting of a variety of organic compounds. The purpose of the work was to determine the hazard class of the zoo complex - the waste of cultivation of Hermetia illucens larvae using biotesting methods, since the use of calculated methods to determine the hazard class is difficult. Biotesting experiments were carried out on test organisms: planktonic crustacean Daphnia magna , algae Chlorella vulgaris , seeds of Avena sativa , Triticum vulgare and Hordeum sativum . It has been established that the zoocompost refers to low-risk waste. Extractions of the zoocompost stimulate the growth of plants Avena sativa and Hordeum sativum , it is supposed to be used as a phytostimulator. It has been shown that an environmentally friendly wasteless method for the production of protein additive from insects is possible.

scholarly journals TOLERÂNCIA DE ESPÉCIES DE INVERNO A HERBICIDAS RESIDUAIS

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Luis NUNES ◽  
Ribas Antônio VIDAL ◽  
Ives Clayton Gomes dos Reis GOULART ◽  
Augusto KALSING
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

Algumas culturas, como as espécies cultivadas no inverno, possuem poucas opções de herbicidas seletivos registrados. Devido a falta de informações, alguns agricultores usam produtos de forma inadequada, podendo ocasionar conseqüências indesejáveis. O presente trabalho avaliou a tolerância de espécies de inverno a herbicidas residuais. Para tanto, foi conduzido um experimento entre junho e agosto de 2005, em casa de vegetação da Faculdade de Agronomia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), localizada no município de Porto Alegre. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, arranjo bifatorial 4 x 6, com cinco repetições. O fator A consistiu das espécies cultiváveis: Avena sativa L. (aveia branca), Hordeum vulgare L. (cevada), Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus Metzger. (nabo forrageiro) e Triticum aestivum L. (trigo) e o fator B consistiu dos herbicidas de aplicação em pré-emergência: atrazine (3,0 kg ha-1), cloransulam (0,04 kg ha-1), imazaquin (0,14 kg ha-1), metribuzin (0,144 kg ha-1), S-metolachlor (1,92 kg ha-1) e testemunha sem aplicação de herbicida. As culturas do nabo forrageiro e do trigo não apresentaram tolerância aos produtos utilizados. Plantas de aveia branca foram tolerantes ao cloransulam e a cevada apresentou tolerância aos herbicidas atrazine e cloransulam.

scholarly journals Phytotoxic Chlorophyll Derivatives from Petrorhagia velutina (Guss.) Ball et Heyw Leaves

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500
Author(s):  
Brigida D'Abrosca ◽  
Monica Scognamiglio ◽  
Nikolaos Tsafantakis ◽  
Antonio Fiorentino ◽  
Pietro Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Nmr Methods ◽  
Chlorophyll Derivatives

In this investigation the phytochemical study of chlorophyll derivatives from leaf extract of Petrorhagia velutina, a eurimediterranean plant species typical of macchia vegetation is reported. A new pheophorbide, as well as nine other chlorophyll derivatives were isolated and their structures determined predominantly based on 1D and 2D NMR methods. The phytotoxicity against Raphanus sativus L. was evaluated. A significant photoinduced phytotoxicity was evident for both germination and root elongation.

CONTACT METHOD OF PHYTOTESTINGTOXICITY OF WASTE FROM CARBONITRATION TECHNOLOGYITEMS WITH FOLLOWING OXIDATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
A.A. Moiseeva ◽  
V.F. Kuksanov ◽  
O.V. Chekmareva
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Film ◽  
Metal Surface ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Germination Index ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Safe Concentration ◽  
Test Cultures

This paper describes the results of laboratory studies by the method of contact phytotestation of waste from the carbonitration of a metal surface with the subsequent deposition of an oxide film. Two test cultures were selected for testing: oats (Avena sativa L.) and radishes (Raphanus sativus). Calculations were made of the germination index of test cultures, toxicity and the level of safe concentration of waste in the soil was determined. After research, conclusions are drawn.

scholarly journals Application of the Eluate Method of Phytotesting in Assessing the Waste Toxicity of the Process of Chemical Oxidation of Metals

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 2660-2668
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Established Method ◽  
Waste Toxicity ◽  
Test Cultures

The work describes the use of the eluate method of phytotesting in determining the toxic properties of waste from the metal chemical oxidation process. The experiment used two test cultures: radish (Raphanus sativus) and oat (Avena sativa L.) that showed the same toxicity results of studied samples. According to the established method, the research was carried out, mathematical models of the dependence of the phytoeffect on waste dilution were predicted, the safe waste dilution was calculated, and the results of the studies concluded on the classification of the risk of the waste under study.

scholarly journals The Effect of New Thiophene-Derived Diphenyl Aminophosphonates on Growth of Terrestrial Plants

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2018
Author(s):  
Diana Rogacz ◽  
Jarosław Lewkowski ◽  
Marta Siedlarek ◽  
Rafał Karpowicz ◽  
Anna Kowalczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Rumex Acetosa ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Aliivibrio Fischeri ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Heterocypris Incongruens

The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of the thiophene-derived aminophosphonates 1–6 on seedling emergence and growth of monocotyledonous oat (Avena sativa) and dicotyledonous radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and phytotoxicity against three persistent and resistant weeds (Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Rumex acetosa L., and Chenopodium album). Aminophosphonates 1–6 have never been described in the literature. The phytotoxicity of tested aminophosphonates toward their potential application as soil-applied herbicides was evaluated according to the OECD (Organization for Economic and Cooperation Development Publishing) 208 Guideline. In addition, their ecotoxicological impact on crustaceans Heterocypris incongruens and bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri was measured using the OSTRACODTOXKITTM and Microtox® tests. Obtained results showed that none of the tested compounds were found sufficiently phytotoxic and none of them have any herbicidal potential. None of the tested compounds showed important toxicity against Aliivibrio fischeri but they should be considered as slightly harmful. Harmful impacts of compounds 1–6 on Heterocypris incongruens were found to be significant.

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