scholarly journals Application of the Eluate Method of Phytotesting in Assessing the Waste Toxicity of the Process of Chemical Oxidation of Metals

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 2660-2668
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Established Method ◽  
Waste Toxicity ◽  
Test Cultures

The work describes the use of the eluate method of phytotesting in determining the toxic properties of waste from the metal chemical oxidation process. The experiment used two test cultures: radish (Raphanus sativus) and oat (Avena sativa L.) that showed the same toxicity results of studied samples. According to the established method, the research was carried out, mathematical models of the dependence of the phytoeffect on waste dilution were predicted, the safe waste dilution was calculated, and the results of the studies concluded on the classification of the risk of the waste under study.

CONTACT METHOD OF PHYTOTESTINGTOXICITY OF WASTE FROM CARBONITRATION TECHNOLOGYITEMS WITH FOLLOWING OXIDATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
A.A. Moiseeva ◽  
V.F. Kuksanov ◽  
O.V. Chekmareva
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Film ◽  
Metal Surface ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Germination Index ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Safe Concentration ◽  
Test Cultures

This paper describes the results of laboratory studies by the method of contact phytotestation of waste from the carbonitration of a metal surface with the subsequent deposition of an oxide film. Two test cultures were selected for testing: oats (Avena sativa L.) and radishes (Raphanus sativus). Calculations were made of the germination index of test cultures, toxicity and the level of safe concentration of waste in the soil was determined. After research, conclusions are drawn.

scholarly journals A comprehensive review of sucker rod pumps’ components, diagnostics, mathematical models, and common failures and mitigations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif Fakher ◽  
Abdelaziz Khlaifat ◽  
M. Enamul Hossain ◽  
Hashim Nameer
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Artificial Lift ◽  
Sucker Rod ◽  
Sucker Rod Pump

AbstractIn many oil reservoirs worldwide, the downhole pressure does not have the ability to lift the produced fluids to the surface. In order to produce these fluids, pumps are used to artificially lift the fluids; this method is referred to as artificial lift. More than seventy percent of all currently producing oil wells are being produced by artificial lift methods. One of the most applied artificial lift methods is sucker rod pump. Sucker rod pumps are considered a well-established technology in the oil and gas industry and thus are easy to apply, very common worldwide, and low in capital and operational costs. Many advancements in technology have been applied to improve sucker rod pumps performance, applicability range, and diagnostics. With these advancements, it is important to be able to constantly provide an updated review and guide to the utilization of the sucker rod pumps. This research provides an updated comprehensive review of sucker rod pumps components, diagnostics methods, mathematical models, and common failures experienced in the field and how to prevent and mitigate these failures. Based on the review conducted, a new classification of all the methods that can fall under the sucker rod pump technology based on newly introduced sucker rod pump methods in the industry has been introduced. Several field cases studies from wells worldwide are also discussed in this research to highlight some of the main features of sucker rod pumps. Finally, the advantages and limitations of sucker rod pumps are mentioned based on the updated review. The findings of this study can help increase the understanding of the different sucker rod pumps and provide a holistic view of the beam rod pump and its properties and modeling.

Assessment of Tandem Venturi on Enhancement of Cavitational Chemical Reaction

2008 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoseyn Sayyaadi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Cavitation Number ◽  
Cavitating Flow ◽  
Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Local Pressures ◽  
Second Category

The collapsing phenomenon of cavitation bubbles generates extremely high local pressures and temperatures that can be utilized for the chemical oxidation process. This process is carried out in cavitation reactors. A Venturi tube is one of the most common forms of hydrodynamic cavitation reactors, which is suitable for industrial scale applications. In this work, the hydraulic performance and efficiency in chemical reaction of a new form of hydrodynamic cavitation reactors, which is called “tandem Venturi,” were studied and compared with the conventional type of the single Venturi. The tandem Venturi is used for enhancement of the chemical reaction of hydrodynamic cavitating flow. The reaction enhancement is useful especially for the reaction of aqueous solutions not containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The operating pressure, inlet pressure, flow rate, and consequently the cavitation number were controlled and systematically varied for both single and tandem Venturis. Moreover, a specified amount of H2O2 was injected into the flow as required. The effects of operating pressure and the cavitation number on cavitating flow characteristics for single and tandem Venturis were experimentally observed and the results were compared. In addition, the performance of the tandem-Venturi reactor for degradation of non-VOC contaminants (2-chlorophenol) was studied. Its performance was compared with the performance of a conventional Venturi reactor. Two different categories were conducted for the experiments. In the first category, the effect of the net cavitating flow on degradation of non-VOC for the single and tandem Venturis was compared. In the second category, the effect of H2O2 injection into the cavitating flow on degradation of non-VOC (“cavitation-oxidation” process) was studied. The performance of the single and tandem Venturis for the cavitation-oxidation process was compared. Further investigation was performed to assess the advantage of utilizing the tandem Venturi from the viewpoint of efficiency of the oxidation process. The results of the energy efficiency were compared with the corresponding efficiency of the single Venturi. Finally, the relationship between the main parameters of cavitation reaction flow with the chemical performance was discussed.

Classification of Mathematical Models for Process Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1045-1048
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Kalyakulin ◽  
E. V. Mitin ◽  
S. P. Sul’din
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Process Design

scholarly journals Mathematical Modeling of Main Classes of Stochastic Productive Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-509
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Butov ◽  
Maxim A. Volkov ◽  
Viktor N. Golovanov ◽  
Anatoly A. Kovalenko ◽  
Boris M. Kostishko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Birth And Death Processes ◽  
Multistage System ◽  
Martingale Methods ◽  
Time Class ◽  
Productive Systems ◽  
Time Systems

Introduction. The article deals with mathematical models of two main classes of processes in stochastic productive systems. For a multistage system, conditions of belonging to a “just-in-time” class or a class with infinite support of the time distribution function for productive operations are determined. Materials and Methods. Descriptions and investigations of models are carried out by trajectory (martingale) methods. For “just-in-time” systems and multistage stochastic productive systems, terms and methods of random walks in a random environment and birth and death processes are used. The results are formulated as descriptions of intensity characteristics of equalizers of point counting processes. Results. Two theorems are given and proved; they justify the proposed classification of the mathematical models of productive systems. The criteria of the belonging of the stochastic productive system to the class “just-in-time” are given. A theorem on the incompatibility of groups of “just-in-time” systems and systems infinite support of the time distribution for operations is proved. Discussion and Conclusion. The results show the feasibility of analyzing stochastic productive systems by martingale methods. The descriptions of terms of intensities of the equalizers time of productive processes admit generalization.

scholarly journals A novel process of dye wastewater treatment by linking advanced chemical oxidation with biological oxidation

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiming Zou ◽  
Wanzheng Ma ◽  
Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Biological Oxidation ◽  
Dye Wastewater ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Combination Process ◽  
Fenton’S Oxidation ◽  
New Process ◽  
Fenton's Oxidation

Abstract Dye wastewater is one of typically non-biodegradable industrial effluents. A new process linking Fenton’s oxidation with biological oxidation proposed in this study was investigated to degrade the organic substances from real dye wastewater. During the combination process, the Fenton’s oxidation process can reduce the organic load and enhance biodegradability of dye wastewater, which is followed by biological aerated filter (BAF) system to further remove organic substances in terms of discharge requirement. The results showed that 97.6% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal by the combination process was achieved at the optimum process parameters: pH of 3.5, H2O2 of 2.0 mL/L, Fe(II) of 500 mg/L, 2.0 h treatment time in the Fenton’s oxidation process and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5 h in the BAF system. Under these conditions, COD concentration of effluent was 72.6 mg/L whereas 3020 mg/L in the influent, thus meeting the requirement of treated dye wastewater discharge performed by Chinese government (less than 100 mg/L). These results obtained here suggest that the new process combining Fenton’s oxidation with biological oxidation may provide an economical and effective alternative for treatment of non-biodegradable industrial wastewater.

scholarly journals One-step Oxidation of Total Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, and Total Phosphorous using Wet Chemical Oxidation

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 603-609
Author(s):  
Jeong-Hwan Choi ◽  
Dong-Hun Shin ◽  
Hye-Bin Kim ◽  
Jong-Gook Kim ◽  
Kitae Baek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Suitable Condition ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Total Phosphorous ◽  
Wet Chemical

Objective:This study proposed the simultaneous multi-oxidation of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorous using modified wet chemical oxidation method.Methods:The multi oxidation process was based on the dual radical system with sulfate and hydroxyl radicals. The sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were activated at 40℃ and UV irradiation with 254 nm to generate the sulfate radical and hydroxyl radical. The organic matters were oxidized by the dual radicals, and TOC, TN, and TP values were compared with the control group.Results and Discussion:The dual radical system oxidized organic carbon to carbon dioxide effectively, and the TOC values were similar to the value obtained from the high-temperature combustion technique. However, the residual persulfate after oxidation process interfered the absorbance for TN and inhibit the complexation in TP measurement. The residual persulfate was effectively converted to sulfate by longer heating and UV irradiation, and the interferences were more sensitive to reaction temperature than UV irradiation time. As a result, a higher temperature condition was more effective and enhanced the applicability of multi-oxidation.Conclusions:The multi oxidation of TOC, TN, and TP was demonstrated by wet chemical oxidation, and the proposed method is expected to secure the sample and reduce the analytic time. However, the more suitable condition to enhance the accuracy of TOC, TN, and TP in the multi-oxidation system should be studied further.

Classification of mathematical models of technological design

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Technological Design ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Technological Preparation

The use of mathematical models is of great importance for the automation of the design of technological processes. Representation of the geometric parameters of the part in the form of mathematical models allows automating the development of the structure and calculation of the parameters of the technological process, which is important for the complete digitalization of the technological preparation of production. Keywords: technological process, design, mathematical model, digitalization. [email protected]

Synthesis, characterization, and application of polyanisidines as efficient photostabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride) films

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-547
Author(s):  
Magdy W. Sabaa ◽  
Mohamed A Sanad ◽  
Mahmoud A Abd El-Ghaffar ◽  
Nourelhoda A Abdelwahab ◽  
Soha MA Sayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Polymeric Chain ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Uv Absorber ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Pvc Film

Conducting polymers have great attention due to their electrical activity in π-electrons conjugation over backbone of the polymeric chain. These properties make them attractive for enormous applications. On that account, we prepared polyanisidines (PAs) derivatives ( ortho, meta, and para) by chemical oxidation process using ammonium peroxydisulfate as an initiator. The prepared PAs were characterized using various techniques. Moreover, conductivity measurements of PA derivatives showed that the ortho-derivative gave the highest value. The prepared PAs were investigated as photostabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films. Different PVC films were prepared in the absence and the presence of PA derivatives and they were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for 30 days. The gel weight % for irradiated PVC films was followed as a function of irradiation time. The results revealed that the blank PVC film (free PA derivatives) was completely degraded reaching 100% gel content. PVC films contain PA derivatives showed higher photostability than PVC blank film. A comparison between the investigated PA derivatives as UV stabilizers and Chimassorb commercial UV absorber was also investigated. PA derivatives showed better efficiency as UV stabilizers than the commercial one till 288 h of UV irradiation.

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