The Allelopathic Effect of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) on Corn (Zea mays) and Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk C. Drost ◽  
Jerry D. Doll
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Soil Mixture ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Residue Concentration

Four greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the effects of plant residues and extracts of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) plant residues on the growth of corn (Zea maysL.) and soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. At equal concentrations, tuber residues reduced the dry weight of corn and soybeans more than foliage residues. As the concentration increased, growth decreased, affecting soybeans more than corn. Soybean growth was significantly reduced by the addition of tuber extracts. At a constant residue concentration, increasing the percentage of sand in the soil mixture reduced the growth of corn and soybeans. Growth inhibition was greatest when tuber residues were in contact with the corn or soybean seed. We conclude that extracts and residues of yellow nutsedge have an allelopathic effect on corn and soybeans under greenhouse conditions.

Effect of Corn (Zea mays) Seeding Date on the Growth of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zain Ghafar ◽  
Alan K. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Tuber Production

Major differences in above- ground biomass and tuber production of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. # CYPES) were not observed when corn (Zea maysL. “CO-OP S265”) was seeded on different dates (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th week of May; and 1st week of June). The final seedbed was prepared just prior to each seeding date and this cultivation stimulated dormant tubers to sprout. As a result, a large population of yellow nutsedge emerged with the corn at all seeding dates. Because fertilizer was banded near the corn row, yellow nutsedge biomass, tuber dry weight and number of tubers were higher within corn rows than between rows. Tuber size was affected by seeding date and shifted toward smaller tubers within corn rows and larger tubers between the rows as the corn was sown late. The optimum seeding date of corn was in the 3rd week of May when the highest corn yield was obtained and yellow nutsedge growth was generally reduced.

Differential Toxicity, Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Metolachlor in Corn (Zea mays) and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg A. Dixon ◽  
E. W. Stoller
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Soil Mixture ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Differential Toxicity

Metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] toxicity, absorption, translocation, and metabolism were investigated in corn (Zea maysL.) and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.). Metolachlor did not inhibit seed germination in corn or tuber germination in yellow nutsedge. It did not kill yellow nutsedge tubers that were exposed to 4 ppmw for 9 weeks. Metolachlor (10 ppmw) applied in soil above the seed significantly reduced corn shoot growth, but the same concentration around or below the seed had no effect. A soil mixture with metolachlor (1 ppmw) placed above or around yellow nutsedge tubers significantly reduced shoot growth, but placement around the tuber was the most toxic; placement below the tuber had no effect on shoot growth. The concentration of metolachlor that resulted in 50% reduction of shoot growth of 4-day-old seedlings in solution culture was > 10−4M for corn and <10−6M for yellow nutsedge. Root-applied14C-metolachlor was acropetally translocated to shoots of both species following a 7- to 13-day absorption period, with yellow nutsedge translocating the highest portion of the absorbed material to shoots. In 2-day-old seedlings with roots exposed to14C-metolachlor for up to 48 h, both species absorbed and translocated the radioactivity to shoots, but corn absorbed much more than yellow nutsedge. When the14C-metolachlor was applied to shoots of both species, the radioactivity was translocated basipetally into roots. Yellow nutsedge exuded appreciable14C-metolachlor out of the roots and absorbed more14C-metolachlor through shoot tissues than corn. Both corn and yellow nutsedge seedlings readily converted the14C-metolachlor to metabolites, but corn was able to metabolize the14C-metolachlor at a faster rate than yellow nutsedge and also produced more metabolites.

Effects of Glyphosate on Growth and the Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Levels of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Cañal Villanueva ◽  
B. Fernandez Muñiz ◽  
R. Sanchez Tames
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Underground System ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Secondary Shoot

Growth and the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured in greenhouse-grown yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. ♯ CYPES), following treatment with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine]. Herbicide was applied as a foliar spray at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mM. After 2 weeks, growth was inhibited, and chlorosis and leaf apex necrosis were observed. Plant height was reduced, leaf fresh weight was decreased by 40%, and leaf dry weight was slightly affected. Rhizome, tuber, and secondary shoot formation was strongly inhibited, but root development was not affected by glyphosate treatment. With the 10-mM treatment, dry weight of the underground system was reduced by 80%. Chlorophyll and carotenoid levels were decreased by 52 and 54%, respectively, following glyphosate treatment.

Reactions of Several Crops to Dichlobenil

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Hardcastle ◽  
R. E. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge

Tolerance of corn (Zea maysL. ‘B’), cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘coker 413’), soybean (Glycine maxMerr. ‘Hardee’), turnip (Brassica rapaL. ‘Tendergreen’), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench. ‘Georgia 615’), purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.), yellow nutsedge (C. esculentusL.), and johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.) to 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil) at 0, 0.14, 0.28, 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 kg/ha in four Georgia soils was determined. Equivalent rates of dichlobenil generally were more toxic in Davidson clay loam which had the highest clay content. Crop tolerance was corn > sorghum > cotton > turnip. Purple and yellow nutsedge tolerance to dichlobenil was intermediate to that of the crops tested. Johnsongrass response was equivalent to that shown by sorghum.

Comparison of Six Cropping Systems for Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Keeley ◽  
R. J. Thullen ◽  
J. H. Miller ◽  
C. H. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Double Cropping

Six cropping/weed control systems were evaluated from 1978 to 1980 for the control of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.). Supplementing cultivation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Acala SJ-2′) with either preplant applications of fluridone {1 - methyl - 3 - phenyl - 5 - [3 - (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] -4(1H-pyridinone} or two hoeings for 2 yr preceding cotton treated with DSMA (disodium methanearsonate) and MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) reduced populations of viable yellow nutsedge tubers 98 to 99% within 3 yr. Dry- or wet - fallowing plus tillage after barley (Hordeum vulgareL. ‘Kombyne’), and double cropping potatoes (Solanum tuberosumL. ‘White Rose’) treated with EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) with soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Williams’] treated with alachlor [2-chloro - 2′, 6’ - diethyl -N- (methoxymethyl)acetanilide] for 2 yr preceding cotton, reduced populations of tubers 98 to 99% within 3 yr. A similar reduction of tubers (97%) was obtained by double cropping potatoes with milo [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench. ‘NK- 265′] for 2 yr preceding cotton.

Use of Infrared Thermometry in Determining Critical Stress Periods Induced by Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 784-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Sikkema ◽  
Jack Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Infrared Thermometry ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Field experiments were conducted during 1981 and 1982 in Ontario, Canada, on the effects of quackgrass [Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv. # AGRRE] interference in soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] and the usefulness of infrared thermometry in predicting critical periods of weed interference. Soybean seed yield, dry weight, number of leaves, height, and number of pods were substantially reduced due to quackgrass interference. High levels of P and K fertility did not overcome the quackgrass interference. Part of the competitive effects of quackgrass was alleviated by irrigation. Infrared thermometry successfully detected the first occurrence of quackgrass-induced stress during the early soybean flowering stage, when the quackgrass was in the four-leaf gtowth stage. This coincided with the onset of the first significant soybean yield loss. No additional soybean yield loss occurred after quackgrass reached the five-leaf growth stage. There was an inverse relation between accumulated stress degree days and soybean yield reductions due to quackgrass interference. The use of the stress degree day concept may be a valuable tool in predicting soybean yield losses due to quackgrass interference.

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Competition and Control in Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Stoller ◽  
L. M. Wax ◽  
F. W. Slife
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
And Control

Competition of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) with corn (Zea maysL.) was evaluated in the field at various yellow nutsedge densities over a 3-yr period. A relationship between yellow nutsedge density (shoots/m2) and percentage yield reduction revealed an 8% yield reduction for every 100 shoots/m2. Two 3-yr studies were conducted to determine the most effective combination of preplant-incorporated, postemergence, or postemergence-directed treatments for yellow nutsedge control in corn. The preplant incorporated treatments were alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide], EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate), or nothing; postemergence treatments were bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4) 3H-one 2,2-dioxide], two cultivations, or nothing; and the postemergence-directed treatments were ametryn [2-(ethylamino)-4-(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine] or nothing. One preplant-incorporated treatment of EPTC or alachlor prevented yield reductions from yellow nutsedge competition. When no control was practiced, yields were reduced 17% in a moderate yellow nutsedge infestation (initially infested with 300 tubers/m2) and 41% in a heavy infestation (initially infested with 1200 tubers/m2). Yields were reduced 7 to 8% in the moderate infestation when no preplant-incorporated treatments were used regardless of whether postemergence or postemergence-directed treatments were also used. After 1 yr, all control measures resulted in less tuber density than no control measures, but all control treatments had essentially similar tuber densities. After the second year, several herbicide treatments were as effective as hand weeding in reducing tuber density. At least 2 yr of effective control treatments were required to reduce tubers to 20% of the original density, and 3 yr of treatment to reduce the density to 15% of the original density. No combination of treatments, including hand weeding, eliminated tubers after 3 yr.

Influence of Soybean Seed Size on Response to Atrazine

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Large Seed ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Initial Selection

In the greenhouse, we examined approximately 2,700 strains of soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] for response to 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine), a herbicide which inhibits photosynthesis. Duration of survival when grown in soil containing 0.84 kg/ha was the initial selection criterion. Strains thus selected as most tolerant and most susceptible were grown then for 3 to 3 ½ weeks in soil containing 0.45 kg/ha of atrazine. The dry weight of shoots expressed as a percentage of each strain's own untreated check was used to measure the strains' tolerance of atrazine. Tolerance, thus measured, generally increased as seed size increased. Regression analysis indicated that 80% of the variation in response was attributable to variation in seed size. We suggest the possibility of minimizing soybean injury from atrazine (and perhaps other herbicides) by planting large seed.

Response of Rotational Crops to Soil Residues of Chlorsulfuron

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Peterson ◽  
W. Eugene Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Sorghum

The response of corn (Zea maysL. ‘Sokota TS 46’), flax (Linum usitatissimumL. ‘Culbert 79’), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Merr. ‘Sokota 466’), soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Corsoy 79’], and sunflowers (Helianthus annuusL. ‘Sokata 4000’) to soil residues 12 and 24 months after application of 17, 34, and 68 g ai/ha chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} was determined at two locations, Redfield and Watertown, in eastern South Dakota. All crops at Redfield were injured significantly at 17 g/ha, 12 months after application as determined by plant dry weight and visual evaluations. Corn and sorghum were the most susceptible while flax was the least susceptible. Injury at Watertown was significantly less than at Redfield. Differences in carryover were related to a lower soil pH at Watertown.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Cyperus rotundus L. on Seed Germination and Initial Growth of Glycine max L. cv. Grobogan

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Darmanti ◽  
Santosa Santosa ◽  
Kumala Dewi ◽  
L Hartanto Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Glycine Max L

Allelopathy is a phenomenon of direct or indirect, beneficial or adverse effects of a plant on its own or another plant through the release of chemicals into the environment. This experiment was carried out to determine the allelopathic effect of Cyperus rotundus L. (purple nutsedge) tuber aqueous extract on seed germination and initial growth of Glycine max L. (soybean) seedlings. The experiment was performed in completely randomized (CRD) design with five replications, using a range of concentrations of aqueous tuber extracts of nutsedge, i.e.: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. The petri dish experiment showed that with increase of the tuber extract concentration, a significant increase was noted in mean germination time (MGT), significant decreases in germination index (GI), growth tolerance index (GTI), wet weight seedling, dry weight seedling and  length of soybean seedling.  

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