Influence of Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense) on Snapbean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ray Frank
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
First Year ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Solanum Carolinense ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Second Year

Field experiments were conducted in 1987 and 1988 at Frederick, MD, to determine established horsenettle (Solanum carolinenseL.) interference with snapbean. Horsenettle grown for 3 yr prior to planting snapbeans reduced yield 65% in 1987 and 48% in 1988. Horsenettle established for 1 yr reduced snapbean yield 20 and 18% in 1987 and 1988, respectively. As the distance of the snapbean row from the horsenettle row increased, there was less effect on the yield of snapbean. In 1987, snapbean yield in rows 15, 30, or 60 cm from horsenettle was reduced 43, 29, and 15%, respectively, while during 1988 in the same plots snapbean yields were reduced 38, 26, and 11%. Eight horsenettle planted in a 4.6-m row the first year and 16 horsenettle per row for the second year reduced snapbean yield 36 and 55% respectively. Horsenettle fruit number was 16% lower the first year and 45% lower the second year when snapbeans were grown at a 15-cm row spacing instead of a 60-cm row spacing.

Effects of seeding densities and row spacing on yield and yield components of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. U. Hassan ◽  
M. H. Leitch ◽  
M. K. Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
First Year ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seed Density ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Second Year

The space available to plants affects the available resources and hence modifies the growth habits and yield potential of plants. The effect of four seeding densities (250, 500, 750 and 1000 viable seeds/m2) and three row spacings (12, 15 and 20 cm) were evaluated at Morfa Mawr field station at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK during the 1993 and 1994 growing seasons. Number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, thousand-seed weight and seed yield were examined during the study. Capsule index (CI) and harvest index (HI) were calculated from the observed data. During the first year, capsules per plant, seeds per capsule and capsule index were increased by decreasing the seed density, while the maximum seed yield of 3.9 t/ha was recorded at the highest seed density of 1000 seeds/m2. An increase in row spacing led to an almost linear increase in most of the yield attributes of the crop. During the second year, the response of yield and yield attributes to seeding densities was similar to that recorded during the first year. Seed yield increased with decreasing row spacing, while the rest of the components did not show any consistent response. During the first year, the overall performance and production of the crop was higher than in the second year because of the better weather conditions, with mild temperature and high rainfall during the season.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the Biological Control of Garlic (Allium sativum L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (s1) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Jacek Nawrocki ◽  
Anna Pogodzińska
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
First Year ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Pythium Oligandrum ◽  
Second Year

Abstract In two-year field experiments (2014 and 2015), the effect of used preparations on health status of leaves and roots and bulbs on two cultivars of garlic: ‘Arkus’ and ‘Garpek’ was studied. During investigations: Polyversum WP (Pythium oligandrum), Trifender WP (Trichoderma asperellum) and RhizoVital 42 (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) and standard fungicide Topsin M 500 SC (tiophanate methyl) were used. Unprotected plants presented control. The obtained results showed that in the first year of the studies, all the tested formulations effectively protected the roots and bulbs of garlic against rot, except RhizoVital 42 for ‘Arkus’ variety and Trifender WP for cultivar ‘Garpek’. In 2015, all tested preparations, without exception, limited root rot and the rot of basal part of bulbs both cultivars of garlic. The applied biological preparations had no significant effect on health of the leaves of garlic in 2014 and in 2015 for cultivar ‘Garpek’, while in the second year of studies, all the tested formulations effectively limited the dieback of leaves of the garlic cultivar ‘Arkus’.

scholarly journals Response of the Most Promising Wheat Genotypes with Different Nitrogen Levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-497
Author(s):  
N. Rawal ◽  
D. Chalise ◽  
N. Khatri
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Plot Design

Field experiments were conducted during winter seasons of 2013 and 2014 on the alkaline and silty loam soils of NWRP, Bhairahawa to study the interaction of the most promising wheat genotypes with different nitrogen levels under different agro-ecological zones and recommend the appropriate dose of nitrogen for newly released varieties. The experiment was laid out in split plot design: four nitrogen levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) as a whole plot and six wheat genotypes (BL 3623, BL 3629, BL 3872, NL 1008, NL 1055 and Vijay) as a sub-plot which were replicated three times. There was significant effect of varieties and nitrogen levels on plant height, number of spikes, thousand grain weight and grain yield in both the years. In first year, the highest grain yield of 3.35 t/ha was obtained from the application of nitrogen @ 150 kg/ha with the genotype BL 3872 which is followed by the genotypes BL 3623 (3.15 ton/ha) and NL 1055 (3.05 ton/ha). Similarly in second year, the genotype NL 1055 gave the highest grain yield of 4.01 ton/ha followed by genotypes BL 3629 (3.83 ton/ha) and BL 3623 (3.81 ton/ha) from the application of nitrogen @ 150 kg/ha. Based on two years results, it can be concluded that N was a limiting factor in the productivity of wheat. Nitrogen @ 150 kg per ha produced higher yield and yield attributing characters. Similarly, the wheat genotypes NL 1055, BL 3629, BL 3623 and BL 3872 were superior among the genotypes.

Transformation of Marketing at the Ohio Art Company (A)

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dustin Moon ◽  
Rajkumar Venkatesan ◽  
Paul W. Farris
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
General Level ◽  
First Year ◽  
Integrated Marketing Communications ◽  
Integrated Marketing ◽  
Marketing Analytics ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Return On Marketing

This case is intended to be part of a first-year MBA marketing course or a second-year elective in advertising, integrated marketing communications, market research, or marketing analytics. It provides students with two real advertising experiments and the challenges involved in executing them. It allows for discussion of the need for advertising experiments, and, at a more general level, the need to measure the return on marketing. Biases surrounding the field experiments provide an opportunity for discussion about the problems with establishing a causal relationship between advertising and sales.

GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHITE BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) IN RESPONSE TO NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZER AND TO INOCULATION WITH Rhizobium

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. BUTTERY ◽  
S. J. PARK ◽  
W. I. FINDLAY
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
First Year ◽  
Field Bean ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Second Year

Two white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars grown for 2 yr on test plots of a long-term fertilizer trial showed a significant response to nitrate in the first year and in the 2 yr combined but not in the second year on its own. Yield in the second year was about half of that in the first year, possibly because of water stress. Bean yield was lowest in the zero nitrate, about equally high for 112 and 224 kg N ha−1, but somewhat lower at 336 kg N ha−1. Annual application of potassium and phosphorus (compared to no application for 12 yr) did not affect bean yield, but increased plant dry weight after 24 d in 1984 and the 2 yr combined, after 38 d in 1984 and after 52 d in 1983 and also increased the number of days to maturity. Nitrate effects on the dry weights of samples taken during the growing season were similar to those for bean yield. Acetylene reduction rates (first year) and nodule weights were highest in zero N and declined to very low values at 336 kg N ha−1. Acetylene reduction rate per plant reached a maximum value early in the season and declined to low values before bean filling was complete. Rhizobium inoculation had no discernible effects on dry weights or yield, but a small significant effect on days to maturity. We conclude that these white bean cultivars are unable to fix sufficient nitrogen to produce maximum yield.Key words: Field bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, nitrogen, Rhizobium

scholarly journals El crecimiento y rendimiento del frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) como cultivo intercalado con café (Coffea arabica L.).

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moisés Blaco ◽  
C. Corrales ◽  
O. Chevez ◽  
A. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
First Year ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Common ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

This article summarizes the results of two trials conducted, in 1991 and 1992, at the Centro Experimental de Café del Pacífico Central-Jardín Botánico, Masatepe, Nicaragua. The main objective was to study the growth and yield behavior of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.- Rev-81 cultivar) intercropped with coffee (Coffea arabica L.- five years old Catuaí cultivar). A Complete Randomized Block design with two treatments and four replications was used. The treatments were: Bean at First (June to August) and Bean at Last (September to November). Plant height was 43 cm and 47 cm, number of pods per plant was 7 and 4, and weight of 1000 seeds was 21 g and 28 g for the first and second year, respectively. The yield was higher in the first year (710 kg/ha) than in the secondyear (406 kg/ha). In both years there were larger values, for all the assayed variables, in the first cyc1e that in the last cyc1e.

Effect of potassium fertilization of pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) on yield, pyrethrins concentration in dry achenes and potassium concentration in soil and plant tissues

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Salardini ◽  
KSR Chapman ◽  
RJ Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
First Year ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Tanacetum Cinerariifolium ◽  
Second Year

Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium), a small perennial plant, has been commercially grown for production of pyrethrins (Py) in Tasmania since 1983. Two field experiments were conducted on clay loam and sandy clay loam krasnozem soils at Harford and North Motton in the northern region and a two-year experiment on an alluvial sandy loam at Ouse in the southern region of Tasmania to study its potassium (K) requirements. Potassium, at rates up to 200 kg K ha-1, was band-placed at planting (basal K) of pyrethrum splits. At Ouse in the spring of the following year up to 100 kg K ha-1 was side-dressed in the subplots. No achene yield response was observed at Harford with the soil Colwell K (Kc) of 80 mg K kg-1 and North Motton (Kc = 132), but at Ouse (Kc = 50) in the first year a maximum increase of 86% in the achene yield was attained at 50 kg K ha-1. In the second year at Ouse, the achene yield response occurred with residual basal K up to the 200 kg ha-1 rate, where the achene yield was 3.9-fold greater than the control. In addition to the increase gained from the residual K in the second year, 50 kg side-dressed K ha-1 increased the achene yield by a maximum of 50%. Basal K did not have any effect on the Py concentration of the first year crops, but it increased the Py concentration in the second year crop at Ouse. Side-dressed K also increased the Py concentration. The Py yield at the highest rate of 200 kg basal and 25 kg side-dressed K ha-1 was more than 6.5-fold that in the control treatment. The Kc and the concentration of K in apical tissues were correlated to the rates of applied K, achene yield and Py yield, and their potential as techniques to predict pyrethrum response to K application is discussed.

Advertising Experiments at the Ohio Art Company

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Paul W. Farris ◽  
Rajkumar Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
General Level ◽  
First Year ◽  
Integrated Marketing Communications ◽  
Integrated Marketing ◽  
Marketing Analytics ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Return On Marketing

This case is intended to be part of a first-year MBA marketing course, or a second-year elective in advertising, integrated marketing communications, market research, or marketing analytics. The case provides students with examples of two real advertising experiments and the challenges involved in executing the experiments. It allows for a discussion of the need for advertising experiments, and also, at a more general level, the need to measure the return on marketing. Biases surrounding the field experiments allow for a discussion of the problems with establishing a causal relationship between advertising and sales.

Integrated weed management using row arrangements and herbicides in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 676
Author(s):  
Gulshan Mahajan ◽  
Rao C. N. Rachaputi ◽  
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
First Year ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Second Year

In Australia, efforts are under way to revive the pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) industry, which has high export potential because of an increased demand in the international market. However, weeds are a major constraint to achieve high yield in pigeonpea. This study was designed to assess the effect of row arrangement and herbicide treatment on weed suppression and pigeonpea grain yield. Row arrangements included row spacing (narrow, 25 cm; wide, 50 cm) and paired rows (rows 25 cm apart within a pair, each pair separated from the next by 75 cm). Herbicide treatments were: untreated control; pre-emergent pendimethalin at 910 g a.i. ha–1; post-emergent imazapic at 84 g a.i. ha–1; and pre-emergent pendimethalin followed by post-emergent imazapic (rates as above). In the first year, Trianthema portulacastrum was the dominant weed, and infestation was 100% in the non-treated control plots. In the second year, other weeds (Setaria viridis, Eragrostis cilianensis and Chloris virgata) comprised 30% of the weed population. Averaged over row arrangements, grain yield varied from 2088 to 2689 kg ha–1 in 2017 and from 835 to 2145 kg ha–1 in 2018, and was lowest in the untreated control and highest in the plots treated with the sequential application of pendimethalin and imazapic. Averaged over years and herbicide treatments, yield was lower in paired rows (1850 kg ha–1) than in narrow (2225 kg ha–1) and wide (2165 kg ha–1) row spacings. In the first year, all herbicide treatments provided >50% control of T. portulacastrum in the narrow and wide row spacings and increased yield by >22% over the untreated control. In the second year, the single application of imazapic proved inferior for controlling weeds, resulting in a 21% reduction in grain yield compared with sequential application of pendimethalin and imazapic. In both years, grain yield was similar for the single application of pendimethalin and sequential application of pendimethalin and imazapic. Despite the complex weed flora in 2018, the single application of imazapic provided acceptable weed control only when the crop was planted at 25 cm row spacing. Our results suggest that the single application of pendimethalin was effective on T. portulacastrum. However, in a complex weed flora situation, the sequential application of pendimethalin and imazapic provided effective weed control and resulted in improved yield.

Perennial sowthistle control with sequential herbicide treatments applied under minimum and zero tillage systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Darwent ◽  
K. N. Harker ◽  
G. W. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
First Year ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis

Perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) control under minimum and zero tillage systems, and following several sequential in-crop herbicide treatments applied in a crop rotation of canola (Brassica rapa L.) followed by 3 yr of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), was evaluated in two field experiments near Grande Prairie, Alberta. Under zero tillage, in-crop applications of clopyralid at 0.1 to 0.3 kg active ingredient (a.i.) ha−1 to canola, followed by annual in-crop applications of clopyralid at 0.15 kg a.i. ha−1 plus MCPA at 0.42 kg a.i ha−1 to barley in the next 2 yr, reduced perennial sowthistle from a mean initial density of 3.9 shoots m−2 to ≤0.5 shoots m−2 in the fourth year. Glyphosate at 0.45 kg acid equivalent (a.e.) ha−1 plus dicamba at 0.14 kg a.i. ha−1 was applied annually before seeding barley in these plots. In the second experiment, the same herbicide treatments, except for an additional preseeding application of glyphosate at 0.9 kg a.e. ha−1 in the first year, reduced perennial sowthistle density from 9.2 shoots m−2 to ≤0.1 shoots m−2 Increasing the rate of clopyralid in the first year resulted in decreases in perennial sowthistle density in the second and third years following application but not in the fourth year. In unweeded zero tillage check plots of the two experiments, perennial sowthistle increased to 41.8 and 36.0 shoots m–2, respectively, over the same period. Applying metsulfuron at 0.0045 kg a.i. ha–1 in the second year and dicamba plus the potassium salt of MCPA (1:4) at 0.54 kg a.i. ha−1 in the third year, in place of clopyralid plus MCPA, produced similar reductions in perennial sowthistle density. Under minimum tillage, where tillage was limited to a single preseeding discing before seeding and a single mid-to-late October deep tillage cultivation, reductions in perennial sowthistle density following in-crop applications of clopyralid in the first year and clopyralid plus MCPA in the next 2 yr were similar to those following application of the same in-crop herbicides under zero tillage. However, in minimum tillage plots where metsulfuron and dicamba plus MCPA were applied in the second and third years, perennial sowthistle density was not reduced or declined at a slower rate than in other sprayed plots. Canola and barley yields increased as a result of reductions in perennial sowthistle density. Key words: Perennial sowthistle, Sonchus arvensis L., tillage, clopyralid, metsulfuron, dicamba

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