Integrated weed management using row arrangements and herbicides in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 676
Author(s):  
Gulshan Mahajan ◽  
Rao C. N. Rachaputi ◽  
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
First Year ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Second Year

In Australia, efforts are under way to revive the pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) industry, which has high export potential because of an increased demand in the international market. However, weeds are a major constraint to achieve high yield in pigeonpea. This study was designed to assess the effect of row arrangement and herbicide treatment on weed suppression and pigeonpea grain yield. Row arrangements included row spacing (narrow, 25 cm; wide, 50 cm) and paired rows (rows 25 cm apart within a pair, each pair separated from the next by 75 cm). Herbicide treatments were: untreated control; pre-emergent pendimethalin at 910 g a.i. ha–1; post-emergent imazapic at 84 g a.i. ha–1; and pre-emergent pendimethalin followed by post-emergent imazapic (rates as above). In the first year, Trianthema portulacastrum was the dominant weed, and infestation was 100% in the non-treated control plots. In the second year, other weeds (Setaria viridis, Eragrostis cilianensis and Chloris virgata) comprised 30% of the weed population. Averaged over row arrangements, grain yield varied from 2088 to 2689 kg ha–1 in 2017 and from 835 to 2145 kg ha–1 in 2018, and was lowest in the untreated control and highest in the plots treated with the sequential application of pendimethalin and imazapic. Averaged over years and herbicide treatments, yield was lower in paired rows (1850 kg ha–1) than in narrow (2225 kg ha–1) and wide (2165 kg ha–1) row spacings. In the first year, all herbicide treatments provided >50% control of T. portulacastrum in the narrow and wide row spacings and increased yield by >22% over the untreated control. In the second year, the single application of imazapic proved inferior for controlling weeds, resulting in a 21% reduction in grain yield compared with sequential application of pendimethalin and imazapic. In both years, grain yield was similar for the single application of pendimethalin and sequential application of pendimethalin and imazapic. Despite the complex weed flora in 2018, the single application of imazapic provided acceptable weed control only when the crop was planted at 25 cm row spacing. Our results suggest that the single application of pendimethalin was effective on T. portulacastrum. However, in a complex weed flora situation, the sequential application of pendimethalin and imazapic provided effective weed control and resulted in improved yield.

Summer Fallow and After-Planting Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Control Programs for Sugarcane (Saccharumspp. hybrids)

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donnie K. Miller ◽  
James L. Griffin ◽  
Edward P. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
First Year ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Sugarcane Stalk ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Summer Fallow

Based on bermudagrass ground cover 2 wk prior to sugarcane planting, tillage plus glyphosate applied postemergence sequentially at 3.4 followed by 2.2 kg ai/ha or a single application at 3.4 kg/ha during the summer fallow period was more effective than tillage alone. Effectiveness of tillage was enhanced when less rainfall was received during the summer fallow period the first year. Rainfall of less than 1 cm 20 d after preemergence application of sulfometuron at 0.2 kg ai/ha in June resulted in 100% bermudagrass ground cover the first year compared with 37% the second year with 15 cm of rainfall during the same period. Terbacil applied after sugarcane planting and metribuzin applied in February resulted in bermudagrass ground cover in May or June of 62% (experiment 1) and 2% (experiment 2) when sulfometuron was used during the fallow period, but no more than 5% when terbacil and metribuzin followed glyphosate plus tillage or tillage alone. In most cases, bermudagrass ground cover at that time was greater when the same glyphosate/tillage treatments were followed by atrazine after planting and pendimethalin plus atrazine in February compared with terbacil after planting and metribuzin in February. When after-planting and February herbicide treatments were applied, sugarcane stalk population, height, and yield each was equivalent regardless of the previous fallow treatment.

Response of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) and Imidazolinone-Resistant Corn (Zea mays) to AC 263,222

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
John S. Richburg ◽  
F. Robert Walls
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Ac 263,222 ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Field studies were conducted in 1992 and 1993 to evaluate AC 263,222 applied postemergence (POST) alone and as a mixture with atrazine or bentazon for weed control in imidazolinone-resistant corn. Nicosulfuron alone and nicosulfuron plus atrazine were also evaluated. Herbicide treatments were applied following surface-banded applications of two insecticides, carbofuran or terbufos at planting. Crop sensitivity to POST herbicides, corn yield, and weed control was not affected by insecticide treatments. AC 263,222 at 36 and 72 g ai/ha controlled rhizomatous johnsongrass 88 and 99%, respectively, which was equivalent to nicosulfuron applied alone or with atrazine. AC 263,222 at 72 g/ha controlled large crabgrass 99% and redroot pigweed 100%, and this level of control exceeded that obtained with nicosulfuron alone. AC 263,222 at 72 g/ha controlled sicklepod and morningglory species 99 and 98%, respectively. Nicosulfuron alone or with atrazine controlled these two species less than AC 263,222 at 72 g/ha. Addition of bentazon or atrazine to AC 263,222 did not improve control of any species compared with the higher rate of AC 263,222 at 72 g/ha applied alone. Corn yield increased over the untreated control when POST herbicide(s) were applied, but there were no differences in yield among herbicide treatments.

Weed Control from Imazaquin and Metolachlor in No-till Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Buhler ◽  
Virginia L. Werling
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

In 1985, when weed densities were low (169 plants/m2in untreated control), imazaquin applied at 0.07 kg ai/ha early preplant controlled over 90% of all weeds before no-till planting of soybeans. In 1986 and 1987 when weed densities were higher (589 plants/m2in untreated control), addition of 1.1 kg ai/ha or more of metolachlor to imazaquin (0.07 kg/ha) before soybean planting controlled 95% or more of the grass weeds and 83% or more of the broadleaf weeds. Imazaquin plus metolachlor applied less than 1 day after soybean planting controlled less than 70% of the emerged weeds in 1986 and 1987; common lambsquarters was most tolerant. Early preplant treatments controlled more weeds throughout the growing season than treatments applied after planting. Splitting herbicide treatments among application times generally did not increase weed control compared to single applications. Early preplant applications resulted in higher soybean densities and taller soybeans 30 days after planting in 1986 and 1987 than treatments applied after planting. Soybean yields increased as weed control increased. Weed control and soybean yields were greater with early preplant treatments than paraquat plus alachlor plus metribuzin applied preemergence in 1986 and 1987. No carryover of imazaquin residue was detected through corn bioassay in the field.

Effects of seeding densities and row spacing on yield and yield components of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. U. Hassan ◽  
M. H. Leitch ◽  
M. K. Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
First Year ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seed Density ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Second Year

The space available to plants affects the available resources and hence modifies the growth habits and yield potential of plants. The effect of four seeding densities (250, 500, 750 and 1000 viable seeds/m2) and three row spacings (12, 15 and 20 cm) were evaluated at Morfa Mawr field station at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK during the 1993 and 1994 growing seasons. Number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, thousand-seed weight and seed yield were examined during the study. Capsule index (CI) and harvest index (HI) were calculated from the observed data. During the first year, capsules per plant, seeds per capsule and capsule index were increased by decreasing the seed density, while the maximum seed yield of 3.9 t/ha was recorded at the highest seed density of 1000 seeds/m2. An increase in row spacing led to an almost linear increase in most of the yield attributes of the crop. During the second year, the response of yield and yield attributes to seeding densities was similar to that recorded during the first year. Seed yield increased with decreasing row spacing, while the rest of the components did not show any consistent response. During the first year, the overall performance and production of the crop was higher than in the second year because of the better weather conditions, with mild temperature and high rainfall during the season.

Vegetation Control and Soil Moisture Depletion Related to Herbicide Treatments on Forest Plantations in Northeastern Oregon

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Cole ◽  
Amanda Lindsay ◽  
Michael Newton ◽  
John D. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
First Year ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Inland Northwest ◽  
Comparable Control ◽  
Second Year

AbstractReforestation in the Inland Northwest, including northeastern Oregon, USA, is often limited by a dry climate and soil moisture availability during the summer months. Reduction of competing vegetative cover in forest plantations is a common method for retaining available soil moisture. Several spring and summer site preparation (applied prior to planting) herbicide treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in reducing competing cover, thus retaining soil moisture, on three sites in northeastern Oregon. Results varied by site, year, and season of application. In general, sulfometuron (0.14 kg ai ha–1 alone and in various mixtures), imazapyr (0.42 ae kg ha–1), and hexazinone (1.68 kg ai ha–1) resulted in 3 to 17% cover of forbs and grasses in the first-year when applied in spring. Sulfometuron+glyphosate (2.2 kg ha–1) consistently reduced grasses and forbs for the first year when applied in summer, but forbs recovered in the second year on two of three sites. Aminopyralid (0.12 kg ae ha–1)+sulfometuron applied in summer also led to comparable control of forb cover. In the second year after treatment, forb cover in treated plots was similar to levels in nontreated plots, and some species of forbs had increased relative to nontreated plots. Imazapyr (0.21 and 0.42 kg ha–1) at either rate, spring or summer 2007, or at lower rate (0.14 kg ha–1) with glyphosate in summer, provided the best control of shrubs, of which snowberry was the dominant species. Total vegetative cover was similar across all treatments seven and eight years after application, and differences in vegetation were related to site rather than treatment. In the first year after treatment, rates of soil moisture depletion in the 0- to 23-cm depth were correlated with vegetative cover, particularly late season soil moisture, suggesting increased water availability for tree seedling growth.

scholarly journals Interaction of Different Water Amounts and Phosphorus and Magnesium Doses and Their Effects on Water-Yield Relations of Soybean (Glycine max L.) in Arid Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Aise DELIBORAN ◽  
Erdal SAKIN ◽  
Hasan ASLAN ◽  
Ahmet MERMUT
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
First Year ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Second Year ◽  
P Fertilizers

This field experiment examined the effects of magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers, which were given in different doses to soybean grown in different water levels, on plant water consumption, water-yield relations and grain yield factors. The experiment used a random blocks designed with three consecutive and was conducted over two years 2006 and 2007. Four different P doses (0-4-8-12 kg P da-1) and three different Mg doses (0-4-8 kg Mg da-1) were applied with three different water levels (I1, I2, I3). Cumulative pan values obtained from Class A Pan evaporation pool were applied as irrigation (I) 33% for I1, 67% for I2, 100% for I3. At the end of experiment were determined plant water consumption, water-yield relations and grain yield. At the start of irrigation, 548.00 mm, 786.00 mm and 1 017.00 mm of water were given to I1, I2 and I3 plots, respectively in the first year, and 457.98 mm, 698.02 mm and 931.00 mm irrigation water was given in the second year. Plant water consumption values (ETa) were determined as 648.00 mm, 903.00 mm and 1164.00 mm for I1, I2 and I3 parts in the first year, and 567.00 mm, 825.00 mm and 1070.00 mm in the second year. Moreover, according to experiment plots, irrigation water treatment efficiency (IWTE) varied between 0.14 and 0.53 kg m-3 in the first year and between 0.16 and 0.59 kg m-3 in the second year.

scholarly journals Response of the Most Promising Wheat Genotypes with Different Nitrogen Levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-497
Author(s):  
N. Rawal ◽  
D. Chalise ◽  
N. Khatri
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Plot Design

Field experiments were conducted during winter seasons of 2013 and 2014 on the alkaline and silty loam soils of NWRP, Bhairahawa to study the interaction of the most promising wheat genotypes with different nitrogen levels under different agro-ecological zones and recommend the appropriate dose of nitrogen for newly released varieties. The experiment was laid out in split plot design: four nitrogen levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) as a whole plot and six wheat genotypes (BL 3623, BL 3629, BL 3872, NL 1008, NL 1055 and Vijay) as a sub-plot which were replicated three times. There was significant effect of varieties and nitrogen levels on plant height, number of spikes, thousand grain weight and grain yield in both the years. In first year, the highest grain yield of 3.35 t/ha was obtained from the application of nitrogen @ 150 kg/ha with the genotype BL 3872 which is followed by the genotypes BL 3623 (3.15 ton/ha) and NL 1055 (3.05 ton/ha). Similarly in second year, the genotype NL 1055 gave the highest grain yield of 4.01 ton/ha followed by genotypes BL 3629 (3.83 ton/ha) and BL 3623 (3.81 ton/ha) from the application of nitrogen @ 150 kg/ha. Based on two years results, it can be concluded that N was a limiting factor in the productivity of wheat. Nitrogen @ 150 kg per ha produced higher yield and yield attributing characters. Similarly, the wheat genotypes NL 1055, BL 3629, BL 3623 and BL 3872 were superior among the genotypes.

scholarly journals Comparison of Grain Yield and Some Characteristics of Hulled, Durum and Bread Wheat Genotypes Varieties

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekir Atar ◽  
Burhan Kara
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hulled Wheat ◽  
Hulled Wheats ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Second Year

In spite of the low grain yield they produce, the hulled wheat have become even more important in recent years because of their resistance to negative environmental conditions and healthy nutritional content. The research was carry out in order to comparison the yield and yield characteristics of durum (Kiziltan-91 and C-1252), hulled (Einkorn and Emmer) and bread wheat (Tir) varieties in Isparta ecological conditions in 2013-14 and 2014-15 vegetation periods. In both years, the highest grain yield was obtained in Kiziltan-91 variety (3992 and 3758 kg ha-1 respectively). The grain yield of hulled wheats in the first year (Einkorn 1269 kg ha-1, Emmer 2125 kg ha-1) was around Turkey averages. However, grain yield decreased of commercial wheat varieties due to the negative effect of high amount of rainfall in June in the second year, but considerably increased in (Einkorn 2150 kg ha-1, Emmer 2533 kg ha-1). N uptake was found to be lower in the than durum wheats. In terms of grain protein content, the highest values were obtained in Emmer variety (16.4%-15.3%).

scholarly journals Weed control and grain yield in double-cropped soybean

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Milena Simic ◽  
Nebojsa Momirovic ◽  
Zeljko Dolijanovic ◽  
Zeljko Radosevic
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Correlation Data ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Loam Soil

The effects of different herbicide combinations: control (1), alachlor+linuron (2), and alachlor+linuron+imazethapyr (3) were investigated in double-cropped soybean grown in two row spacing variants, 38 cm and 76 cm, under conventional tillage (CT) or no-tillage (NT). In trials conducted on a sandy loam soil at Zemun Polje, high weediness had a negative effect of on the yield of double-cropped soybean, especially at the higher row spacing tested and with no-tillage. Regression and correlation data revealed a dependence of weediness in double-cropped soybean on tillage system and herbicide combination, and dependence of soybean yield on tillage system.

Herbicide efficacy for control of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) is influenced more by wheat seeding rate than row spacing

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre Lemerle ◽  
Peter Lockley ◽  
Eric Koetz ◽  
Simon Diffey
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
The Impact

Conservation cropping systems with no-till and stubble retention improve soil condition and water conservation. However, tillage is replaced by herbicides for weed control in these systems, increasing the threat of herbicide resistance. In the medium to high rainfall zones of the southern wheatbelt of Australia and under irrigation, wider row spacing is used to enable seeding into heavy stubble loads and to avoid stubble burning. Some evidence suggests that wider rows lead to reduced crop competitive ability and crop yields, greater herbicide dependence, and increased spread of resistance. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that increasing seeding rate compensated for reduced competitive ability at wider row spacings, especially when herbicide performance was suboptimal. We examined the impact of two wheat row spacings (18 and 36 cm) and five seeding rates (resulting in a range of densities of ~80–700 plants/m2) on control of Lolium rigidum with five rates of post-emergence application of diclofop-methyl (Hoegrass®), ranging from label rate to lower rates, over two growing seasons. In the presence of L. rigidum, wheat grain yield was unaffected by row spacing but was significantly reduced at low seeding rates, especially at lower herbicide rates. Lolium rigidum was suppressed at higher crop densities but was also unaffected by row spacing. Grain yield was maximised when post-emergence herbicide was applied at 60–100% of the recommended dose at wheat densities >~300 plants/m2. Significant levels of the weed remained in the crop at anthesis in all treatments. Weed dry matter ranged from 525 g/m2 at low crop densities and with no herbicide to 150 g/m2 with the recommended rate of herbicide and high wheat densities. The implications of manipulating crop competitive ability to improve weed control are discussed, especially in conditions where herbicide performance is unreliable due to weeds developing herbicide resistance or adverse environmental conditions.

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