Basis for Interactions of Ethofumesate1and Desmedipham on Sugarbeets and Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Eshel ◽  
R.L. Zimdahl ◽  
E.E. Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Synergistic Interaction ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Brassica Kaber

A synergistic interaction occurred when sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL. ‘Mono-Hy Al’) were treated with mixtures of ethofumesate (2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulphonate) and desmedipham [ethylm-hydroxycarbanilate carbanilate (ester)]. Depending on the stage of weed growth synergistic interactions were also observed on two weed species: wild mustard [Brassica kaber(DC.) L.C. Wheeler ‘pinnatifida’ (Stokes) L.C. Wheeler] and wild oat (Avena fatuaL.). Desmedipham penetrated the foliage more slowly than did ethofumesate. The rate of desmedipham penetration was positively correlated with the concentration of its formulants (solvents and adjuvants) in the spraying emulsion, and to a lesser extent with the formulants of ethofumesate. Increasing the spray volume also increased desmedipham penetration. None of these factors affected penetration by ethofumesate.14C-labeled ethofumesate and desmedipham did not translocate out of treated leaves regardless of the concentration of formulants or active ingredients. These data suggest that the synergistic interaction is mainly due to the increased penetration by desmedipham when applied with ethofumesate.

Promotion of Germination of Dormant Weed Seeds by Substituted Phthalimides and Gibberellic Acid

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Rumex Crispus ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Field Pennycress ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Brassica Kaber

Both gibberellic acid and the substituted phthalimide AC-94377 [1-(3-chlorophthalimido)cyclohexanecarboximide] actively promoted germination of dormant seeds in five species out of nine. The species that responded to both compounds included wild oat (Avena fatuaL.), wild mustard [Brassica kaber(DC.) L.C. Wheeler], curly dock (Rumex crispusL.), field pennycress (Thlapsi arvenseL.) and tansy phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifoliaL. Benth.). on a weight-per-weight basis, the ability of AC-94377 to stimulate germination was equal to, or greater than, GA3. The other two substituted phthalimides tested, AC-92803 [2-(3-chlorophthalimido)-2-methyl-2-isobutyl-acetamide] and AC-99524 [1-tetrahydrophthalimido-cyclohexane-carboximide], had either slight or no stimulatory activity.

Wild Mustard (Brassica kaber) and Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Interference in Sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL.)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelouhab Mesbah ◽  
Stephen D. Miller ◽  
K. James Fornstrom ◽  
David E. Legg
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
Brassica Kaber

Two furrow irrigated field experiments were conducted for two years at the Research and Extension Center, Powell, WY to determine the influence of various mixed densities and durations of wild oat and wild mustard interference in sugarbeet. Sugarbeet root yields were reduced by competition from all examined densities of wild oat and wild mustard, alone and in combination. Root yield reduction was less than additive with mixed densities of wild oat and wild mustard. Root yields decreased as the duration of interference after sugarbeet emergence from a mixed density of wild oat and wild mustard increased. Sucrose content of sugarbeet was not altered by competition. Based on regression analysis, the minimum time that a mixed density of 0.8 wild mustard and 1 wild oat/m of row can interfere with sugarbeet before causing an economic root yield loss was approximately 1.6 weeks after sugarbeet emergence.

SPRAY DROPLET DISTRIBUTION AND HERBICIDE UPTAKE IN SEQUENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF DICLOFOP-METHYL AND MCPA FOR WEED CONTROL IN BARLEY

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. QURESHI ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Spray Droplet ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Droplet Distribution ◽  
Spray Droplets ◽  
Spray Volume

Uptake of 14C-diclofop-methyl {methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy propanoate]} by leaves of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) was reduced significantly in the presence of MCPA {[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy]acetic acid]}, especially the dimethylamine formulation. If the herbicides were applied separately, the degree of interference with uptake depended on the extent of overlap of droplets of the two spray preparations on the leaf surface. Spray volume and direction of spray application were important factors in minimizing the mixing of spray droplets on the leaves if the two herbicides were applied separately with a tandem arrangement of two sprayers. Such a sequential application of MCPA ester and diclofop-methyl in a field experiment provided significantly greater wild oat control than could be obtained with a tank mix of the same two herbicides, but the results were not consistent enough to recommend the procedure for practical use.

A Review of Herbicide Resistance in Iran

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javid Gherekhloo ◽  
Mostafa Oveisi ◽  
Eskandar Zand ◽  
Rafael De Prado
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides ◽  
Continuous Use

Continuous use of herbicides has triggered a phenomenon called herbicide resistance. Nowadays, herbicide resistance is a worldwide problem that threatens sustainable agriculture. A study of over a decade on herbicides in Iran has revealed that herbicide resistance has been occurring since 2004 in some weed species. Almost all the results of these studies have been published in national scientific journals and in conference proceedings on the subject. In the current review, studies on herbicide resistance in Iran were included to provide a perspective of developing weed resistance to herbicides for international scientists. More than 70% of arable land in Iran is given over to cultivation of wheat, barley, and rice; wheat alone covers nearly 52%. Within the past 40 years, 108 herbicides from different groups of modes of action have been registered in Iran, of which 28 are for the selective control of weeds in wheat and barley. Major resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides has been shown in some weed species, such as winter wild oat, wild oat, littleseed canarygrass, hood canarygrass, and rigid ryegrass. With respect to the broad area of wheat crop production and continuous use of herbicides with the sole mechanism of action of ACCase inhibition, the provinces of West Azerbaijan, Tehran, Khorasan, Isfahan, Markazi, and Semnan are at risk of resistance development. In addition, because of continuous long-term use of tribenuron-methyl, resistance in broadleaf species is also being developed. Evidence has recently shown resistance of turnipweed and wild mustard populations to this herbicide. Stable monitoring of fields in doubtful areas and providing good education and training for technicians and farmers to practice integrated methods would help to prevent or delay the development of resistance to herbicides.

The Basis for Synergism between Barban and Flamprop on Wild Oat (Avena fatua)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahendra P. Sharma ◽  
Fayaz A. Qureshi ◽  
William H. Vanden Born
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Synergistic Interaction ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Commercial Formulation ◽  
Leaf Stage

Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of the methyl ester of14C-flamprop [N-benzoyl-N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-DL-alanine] (hereafter referred to as flamprop-methyl) and14C-barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chloro carbanilate) in wild oat (Avena fatuaL.) were investigated to determine the basis of the synergistic interaction between the two herbicides. The mutual effects of the two herbicides were studied when they were applied together to wild oat at the two- and four-leaf stage. The addition of the commercial formulation of barban, barban formulation additives, technical barban, or the nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene-6-tridecylether resulted in varying degrees of increase in the absorption of14C-flamprop-methyl. Translocation of14C-flamprop-methyl following leaf application in wild oat was mainly acropetal. The addition of commercial barban to14C-flamprop-methyl did not influence the pattern of14C translocation. Metabolism of flamprop-methyl by wild oat at either leaf stage was not influenced by barban. Absorption of14C-barban was increased by the addition of the commercial formulation of flamprop-methyl and by polyoxyethylene-6-tridecylether. The addition of flamprop-methyl did not influence the pattern of translocation and metabolism of14C-barban in wild oat at either leaf stage. It is concluded that increased absorption of flamprop-methyl and barban by wild oat at the two- and four-leaf stages is the most important factor in the synergistic interaction between these herbicides. Translocation and metabolism of the herbicides do not seem to be important factors in the synergism observed.

Additive efficacy of soil-applied pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone combinations

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 1245-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanne D. Tidemann ◽  
Linda M. Hall ◽  
Eric N. Johnson ◽  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
Ken L. Sapsford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Management ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Rate Selection ◽  
Galium Spurium

Tidemann, B. D., Hall, L. M., Johnson, E. N., Beckie, H. J., Sapsford, K. L., Willenborg, C. J. and Raatz, L. L. 2014. Additive efficacy of soil-applied pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone combinations. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1245–1253. Efficacy of soil-applied herbicides can be influenced by edaphic factors including soil organic matter (OM) content, as well as by interactions with herbicide tank-mix partners. Field trials were conducted over 6 site-years in 2011 and 2012 across western Canada to examine the interaction of pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone when co-applied for control of false cleavers (Galium spurium L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in field pea. In the greenhouse, the nature of this interaction was further investigated for these two weed species, plus barley and canola; in a separate experiment, the effect of OM content on pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone efficacy was examined using three soils with 2.8, 5.5, and 12.3% OM content, respectively. Efficacy of pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone combinations was additive under both field and greenhouse conditions. Higher OM content generally required higher rates of herbicide to achieve similar efficacy for all tested species. Pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone can be combined to aid in herbicide resistance management and broaden the weed spectrum compared with each product used alone, although rate selection may be OM dependent.

Seed and microsite limitations to emergence of four annual weed species

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Boyd ◽  
Rene Van Acker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Seed Density ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Weed Emergence ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The emergence of annual species depends on the number of seeds present and the biotic and abiotic conditions directly surrounding those seeds (the microsite). A field experiment was conducted to study the relative importance of seed presence vs. microsite conditions in determining the emergence of four annual species. Green foxtail, wild mustard, wild oat, and canola were seeded at 200, 400, and 1,200 seeds m−2in separate plots in a coarse, loamy, mixed Typic Haplocryoll and a fine, mixed Typic Haplocryoll soil. Five microsite modification treatments (control, irrigation, soil compaction, soil compaction plus irrigation, and no crop) were applied to all weed seed density treatments for each weed species. All plots were seeded to spring wheat. Irrigation or soil compaction increased percent emergence of wild oat. Green foxtail emergence tended to increase with soil compaction in 2001 but not in 2002. Wild mustard and canola emergence were largely unaffected by microsite modification treatments. Weed emergence increased with increasing seed density for all species, but the proportion of the total number of seeds emerging decreased with increasing seed density for all species. We suggest that the emergence of the four weed species in this experiment was both seed and microsite limited. Increasing the number of seeds in the soil increased the probability of seeds landing within an appropriate microsite. For these four species, therefore, weed spread and weed patch formation may be determined both by seed production and dispersal and by variability in soil microsite conditions. Results suggest that weed management practices should limit seed dispersal of all species and discourage weed emergence of hard-to-control species during critical establishment periods.

Evaluating Seed Shatter of Economically Important Weed Species

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki R. Burton ◽  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
Christian J. Willenborg ◽  
Steven J. Shirtliffe ◽  
Jeff J. Schoenau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Crop Maturity

The increasing occurrence of herbicide resistance, along with no new herbicide modes of action developed in over 30 yr, have increased the need for nonherbicidal weed management strategies and tactics. Harvest weed seed control (HWSC) practices have been successfully adopted in Australia to manage problematic weeds. For HWSC to be effective, a high proportion of weed seeds must be retained on the plant at crop maturity. This 2-yr (2014, 2015) study evaluated seed shatter of wild oat, green foxtail, wild mustard, and cleavers in both an early (field pea) and late (spring wheat) maturity crop in field experiments at Scott, Saskatchewan. Seed shatter was assessed using shatter trays collected once a week during crop ripening stage, as well as at two crop maturation or harvest stages (swathing, direct-combining). Seed shatter differed among weed species, but was similar between crops at maturity: ca. 30% for wild oat, 5% for cleavers, < 2% for wild mustard, and < 1% for green foxtail. Overall, seed shatter of wild oat occurred sooner and at greater levels during the growing season compared with the other weed species. Viability of both shattered and plant-retained seeds was relatively high for all species. The small amount of seed shatter of cleavers, wild mustard, and green foxtail suggests that these species may be suitable candidates for HWSC. Due to the amount and timing of wild oat seed shatter, HWSC may not reduce population abundance of this grassy weed.

Barban-Aqueous Nitrogen Combinations for Wild Oat(Avena fatua)Control

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Miller ◽  
J. D. Nalewaja ◽  
J. Pudelko
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Spray Volume

Wild oat(Avena fatuaL.) control and wheat(Triticum aestivumL.) injury with barban (4-chloro-2-butynylm-chlorocarbanilate)-aqueous nitrogen combinations were evaluated in the field and greenhouse. The addition of aqueous nitrogen at volumes as low as 5 L/ha increased wild oat control with barban. The greatest increase in wild oat control with barban-aqueous nitrogen combinations was obtained on soil low in nitrogen. Wild oat control with barban-aqueous nitrogen combinations was not influenced by spray volume or nitrogen source. Aqueous nitrogen applications several days prior to barban were more effective than when the two were applied together. Wheat was generally quite tolerant of barban-aqueous nitrogen combinations; however, some injury was observed in 1974.

scholarly journals Economics of Pronamide and Pendimethalin Use in Weed Management during Artichoke Stand Establishment

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton J. Haar ◽  
Steven A. Fennimore ◽  
Cheryl L. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Cynara Scolymus ◽  
A Site ◽  
Heavy Infestation ◽  
Better Than

Field studies were conducted to determine the potential economic impact of the loss of pronamide herbicide to artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) growers, and to evaluate pendimethalin as an alternative herbicide during establishment of artichoke. Two rates of pronamide and one rate of pendimethalin were applied to perennial and annual artichokes. With the exception of wild oat (Avena fatua L.), pendimethalin controlled weeds as well as or better than pronamide. Financial analysis of treatment effects was based on weed management expenses and value of yield. The financial effect of using pronamide in perennial artichoke ranged from a loss of $247 to a gain of $326 per ha, whereas its use in annual artichoke increased revenue $542 to $5499 per ha. The effects on revenue of using pendimethalin varied with weed species composition and density. For three sites, revenue increased from $267 to $5056 per ha, while a loss of $1034 per ha occurred at a site with a heavy infestation of wild oat. We conclude that pendimethalin has potential as a pronamide replacement, or as a complement to pronamide. Chemical names used: 3,5-dichloro (N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide (pronamide); N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine (pendimethalin).

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