Recovery of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Injured by Trifluralin

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 784-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian N. Morrison ◽  
Ken M. Nawolsky ◽  
George M. Marshall ◽  
Allan E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Net Assimilation

The relationship between trifluralin dosages detected in the soil at seeding, initial crop injury, and subsequent recovery of spring wheat during the growing season was investigated in field experiments in 1986 and 1987. As the amount of trifluralin in the soil increased, both crop density and dry matter production decreased such that at 1 kg/ha the two were reduced by 37 and 50%, respectively, early in the season. As the season progressed, crop growth rates (CGRs) of wheat in trifluralin-treated plots exceeded those of wheat in the untreated plots. Maximum CGRs occurred between Zadok's growth stages 30 and 45 where trifluralin levels in the soil were 0.3 to 0.5 kg ai/ha at seeding. Recovery from trifluralin injury was characterized by enhanced net assimilation rates of surviving plants, increased tillering and greater dry matter production per plant. Wheat seed yield was only weakly correlated with trifluralin levels in the soil at seeding. From a linear regression model it was determined that a 35% reduction in plant dry weight from the trifluralin injury at the beginning of tillering would result in no more than a 10% reduction in seed yield at final harvest.

Effect of silicon at panicle initiation on the growth of rice (Var. ADT-36) plants at different growth stages

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
P. M. Arthanari ◽  
P. Gnanamoorthy ◽  
S. Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Field experiments were conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India during the Rabi (November 1997-March 1998) and Kharif (July 1998-November 1998) seasons to identify the effect of silicon at panicle initiation on the growth of rice plant (Variety ADT-36) at different growth stages. Furnace slag was applied as a silicon source at 2 t/ha at the panicle initiation stage along with other nutrients. The dry matter production was recorded at the active tillering, panicle initiation, booting, flowering, one week after flowering and maturity stages in both the seasons. The total dry matter production was greater in the Kharif season than in the Rabi season. The application of slag at the panicle initiation stage along with N and K at the flowering stage had a significant influence over the dry matter production. A similar trend was observed in both the seasons. The silicon uptake was recorded at the panicle initiation and maturity stages. About 30-40% of the silicon absorbed during the early stages and the maturity stage was present in the shoot, whereas 20-30 % of the silicon absorbed during the maturity stages was present in the leaf blades. Based on the results, it is concluded that the supply of silicon during the panicle initiation stage is most important for plant growth.

Response of vetch (Vicia spp.) to plant density in south-western Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Seymour ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique ◽  
N. Brandon ◽  
L. Martin ◽  
E. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Matter Production

The response of Vicia sativa (cvv. Languedoc, Blanchefleur and Morava) and V. benghalensis (cv. Barloo) seed yield to seeding rate was examined in 9 field experiments across 2 years in south-western Australia. There were 2 types of field experiments: seeding rate (20, 40, 60, 100 and 140 kg/ha) × cultivar (Languedoc, Blanchefleur, and Morava or Barloo), and time of sowing (2 times of sowing of either Languedoc or Blanchefleur) × seeding rate (5,�7.5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75 and 100 kg/ha).A target density of 40 plants/m2 gave 'optimum' seed yield of vetch in south-western Australia. In high yielding situations, with a yield potential above 1.5 t/ha, the 'optimum' plant density for the early flowering cultivar Languedoc (85–97 days to 50% flowering) was increased to 60 plants/m2. The later flowering cultivar Blanchefleur (95–106 days to 50% flowering) had an optimum plant density of 33 plants/m2 at all sites, regardless of fitted maximum seed yield. Plant density in the range 31–38 plants/m2 was found to be adequate for dry matter production at maturity of Languedoc and Blanchefleur. For the remaining cultivars Barloo and Morava we were unable to determine an average optimum density for either dry matter or seed yield due to insufficient and/or inconsistent data.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and seed yield of French bean

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-772
Author(s):  
SS Kakon ◽  
MSU Bhuiya ◽  
SMA Hossain ◽  
Q Naher ◽  
Md DH Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Matter Production

Field experiments were conducted during rabi (winter) seasons of 2010-11 and 2011-12 at the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur to study the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth, dry matter production and yield of French bean. A randomized complete block design was followed with 10 combinations of N (0,50, 100, 150 and 200) and P (0,22, 33, 44 and 55) kg ha-1 along with a blanket dose of control. All the treatments showed the maximum leaf area index (LAI) at 65 days after sowing (DAS). All the treatments showed the maximum total dry matter production, crop growth rate and net assimilation rate at harvest and at 55-65 DAS, respectively in both the years. LAI, dry matter production, CGR, NAR and seed yield significantly increased with the increase in nitrogen and phosphorus level upto 150 kg N and 44 P kg ha-1 , respectively. Similar trend was followed in maximum number of pods (9.45) and seed yield (1563.33 kg ha-1). The treatment comprises with 150 kg N and 44 P Kg ha-1 gave the highest seed yield which was 51.40 and 54.30 % higher than control plots.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(4): 759-772, December 2016

CARBOFURAN EFFECTS ON ESTABLISHMENT OF LEGUMES IN RELATION TO PLANT GROWTH, NITROGEN FIXATION, AND SOIL NEMATODES

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. BELANGER ◽  
J. E. WINCH ◽  
J. L. TOWNSHEND
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Plant Stand

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of carbofuran on the establishment and subsequent yields of sod-seeded legumes. The effects of carbofuran on plant growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) in non-sterilized and sterilized soil were evaluated in growth cabinet experiments. In the field experiments carbofuran, applied immediately after seeding, had a positive effect on plant stand and seedling dry matter production of birdsfoot trefoil and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ssp. falcata L.) in the weeks following seeding. In the first production years of these field trials, there was a trend for the total and legume yields to be higher in the carbofuran plots than where carbofuran was not used. In either growth cabinet experiment, however, shoot growth was not affected by carbofuran but a reduction in the number of plants in the non-sterilized and carbofuran pots occurred. A toxic effect of carbofuran on seedlings may have been involved. No correlation between soil nematode numbers and plant stand or dry matter production was found in either field or growth cabinet experiments. In the growth cabinet experiments, carbofuran did not affect the number of nodules but improved nitrogen fixation in sterilized pots of exp. B. Carbofuran increased the dry weight of individual nodules in the sterilized pots of exp. A but a decrease was observed in exp. B. These effects of carbofuran on the dry weight of individual nodules and specific nodule activity were also observed in the nematode-free environment created by sterilization. In view of these responses in sterile soil, it was suggested that the effect of carbofuran was not as a nematicide but rather a positive physiological effect on the plant component of the plant-rhizobium system.Key words: Carbofuran, establishment, legumes, nitrogen fixation, nematodes

scholarly journals Physiology of seed yield in mungbean: growth and dry matter production

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
MMA Mondal ◽  
MSA Fakir ◽  
M Nurul Islam ◽  
MA Samad
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Net Assimilation

Growth rate of mungbean was very slow during the vegetative phase in all the four genotypes. A relatively smaller portion of total dry matter (TDM) was produced before flower initiation and the bulk of it after anthesis. The maximum crop growth rate (CGR) was observed due to maximum leaf area (LA) development during the pod filling stage in all the genotypes. LA and CGR contributed to the superior TDM production. It appeared that a high yielding mungbean genotype should possess larger LA, high TDM production ability, superior CGR at all the growth stages, high relative growth rate and net assimilation rate at the vegetative stage as superior yield components. Key words: Seed yield; Mungbean; Growth; Dry matter DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v40i2.9768   Bangladesh J. Bot. 40(2): 133-138, 2011 (December)  

Influence of partial defoliation on dry-matter production and seed yield of urd bean (Vigna mungo L. Hepper)

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Pandey ◽  
V. B. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Net Assimilation

SummaryField investigations were carried out to study the effect of partial defoliation on dry-matter production and seed yield of urd bean. Partial defoliation during the vegetative and/or reproductive phase reduced seed yield. The severity of yield reduction was dependent on the stage of crop development and the degree of defoliation. The reduction of total dry-matter production by defoliation was accompanied by a decrease in crop growth rate and leaf/plant weight ratio. The net assimilation rate was higher in defoliated plants from 40 to 60 days after sowing. The reduction in seed yield due to defoliation was highly due to a reduction in the number of pods per plant, and also sometimes in the number of seeds per pod and in 100-seed weight.

Seed yield in caraway (Carum carvi). 2. Role of assimilate availability

1995 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Bouwmeester ◽  
H. G. Smid ◽  
E. Loman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Daily Amount ◽  
Matter Production

SUMMARYAssimilate availability may determine seed yield of caraway during three periods: (i) beforeflowering it may determine dry matter allocation to flowers and thereby the number of ovaries; (ii) during flowering it may determine seed set; and (iii) after flowering it may determine seed filling. From 1990 to 1992 in the vicinity of Wageningen, field experiments were performed in which growth, assimilate storage and partitioning, and the effects of shading during various growth stages on seed set and filling, were studied to determine the importance of these three phases. Dry matter production before flowering was correlated with dry mass of flowers, but there was no relationship between the dry mass of flowers and seed yield. Assimilate availability after flowering only slightly affected seed yield, but during flowering it had a strong effect. Shading 50% (during c. 3 weeks of flowering only) reduced yield by 30% whereas 50% shading (after flowering for > 1 month) reduced yield by only 6%. In addition, the main flowering period of biennial caraway over a number of years was estimated and the daily amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for that period calculated. There was a close linear relationship between light intensity during flowering and yield. The possibilities for yield improvement using these results are discussed.

Effects of Temperature and CO2Concentration on the Growth of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata), and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson ◽  
Maxine T. Highsmith ◽  
Elizabeth P. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf were grown in controlled-environment chambers at day/night temperatures of 32/23 or 26/17 C and CO2concentrations of 350 or 700 ppm. After 5 weeks, CO2enrichment to 700 ppm increased dry matter accumulation by 38, 26, and 29% in cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively, at 26/17 C and by 61, 41, and 29% at 32/23 C. Increases in leaf weight accounted for over 80% of the increase in total plant weight in cotton and spurred anoda in both temperature regimes. Leaf area was not increased by CO2enrichment. The observed increases in dry matter production with CO2enrichment were caused by increased net assimilation rate. In a second experiment, plants were grown at 350 ppm CO2and 29/23 C day/night for 17 days before exposure to 700 ppm CO2at 26/17 C for 1 week. Short-term exposure to high CO2significantly increased net assimilation rate, dry matter production, total dry weight, leaf dry weight, and specific leaf weight in comparison with plants maintained at 350 ppm CO2at 26/17 C. Increases in leaf weight in response to short-term CO2enrichment accounted for 100, 87, and 68% of the observed increase in total plant dry weight of cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively. Comparisons among the species showed that CO2enrichment decreased the weed/crop ratio for total dry weight, possibly indicating a potential competitive advantage for cotton under elevated CO2, even at suboptimum temperatures.

scholarly journals Effect of sulphur on the seed yield and oil content of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Swapan Kumar Paul ◽  
Mosa Morsheda Khatun ◽  
Md Abdur Rahman Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Number Of Branches

Sulphur is a component of plant amino acids, proteins, vitamins, and enzyme structures which influence the productivity of oil seed and total oil content. The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of sulphur on the seed yield and oil content of sesame in Bangladesh. The experiment comprised three varieties of sesame viz. Binatil-2, Binatil-3 and BARI Til-4 and six levels of sulphur (S) viz. 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kg S ha–1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Dry matter production, crop characters, yield components, seed yield and oil content were significantly influenced by variety, level of sulphur and their interaction. The highest dry matter production plant–1 at 50 DAS (17.56 g), plant height (101.3 cm), number of branches plant–1 (3.66),  number of pods plant-1 (41.56), number of seeds pod-1 (58.83),  seed yield    (747.2 kg ha-1), stover yield (2243.0 kg ha–1) and oil content (40.03%) were obtained in BARI Til-4 while the corresponding lowest values of all parameters were recorded in Binatil-2. In case of sulphur application, the highest dry matter production plant–1 at 50 DAS (20.81 g), plant height (109.7 cm), number of branches plant–1 (3.87),  number of pods plant–1 (46.13),  number of seeds pod-1 (56.67),  seed yield (800.0 kg ha–1), stover yield (2787 kg ha–1 ) and oil content (43.97%) were obtained when crop was fertilized with 30 kg S ha–1 while the lowest seed yield (502.2 kg ha–1), stover yield (1550.0 kg ha–1) and oil content (32.80%) were obtained in control (0 kg S ha–1). BARI Til-4 fertilized with 30 kg S ha–1 produced the highest dry matter plant–1 at 50 DAS (24.80 g), number of pods plant–1 (51.13), seeds pod–1 (62.0) and seed yield (1011.0 kg ha–1). The highest oil content (43.97%) was also recorded in BARI Til-4 fertilized with 30 kg S ha–1, which was as good as that of BARI Til-4 fertilized with 40 kg S ha–1. Therefore, BARI Til-4 fertilized with 30 kg S ha–1 can be considered as a promising practice in respect of seed yield and oil content of sesame in Bangladesh. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(1): 33–38, March 2019

Seedling growth of summer-dormant and non-dormant ryegrasses in relation to temperature

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Silsbury
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Matter Production

Lolium rigidum Gaud. and a summer-dormant and a non-dormant form of Lolium perenne L. were grown as seedling plants for 32 days in controlled environment cabinets at constant temperatures of either 10, 20, or 30°C and in all cases with a 16-hr photoperiod at a light intensity of 3600 lm ft-2. Sampling at 4-day intervals permitted the detailed examination of dry matter growth curves. Differences in total dry matter production were related to initial differences in seedling dry weight, and the general responses to temperature were similar for each ryegrass. Total dry matter production was greatest at 20°C and lowest at 10°. A temperature of 30° did not induce dormancy in the summer-dormant ryegrass but did depress growth. Relative growth rate fell with time at each temperature.

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