Systems of Weed Control for Soybeans in the Coastal Plain

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 592-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellis W. Hauser ◽  
M. D. Jellum ◽  
Clyde C. Dowler ◽  
W. H. Marchant
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
The Common

Systems of weed control composed of (a) intensive cultivation only, (b) herbicides only, or (c) herbicides plus cultivation controlled weeds in soybeans(Glycine max(L.) Merr.) with acceptable crop tolerance. On Ocilla sandy loam, systems withS-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate (vernolate) as a preplanting treatment and 3[p-(p-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1-dimethylurea (chloroxuron) as an early postemergence treatment, followed by either sweep cultivations or directed postemergence applications of other herbicides, controlled yellow nutsedge(Cyperus esculentusL.) satisfactorily and controlled 99 to 100% of the common cocklebur(Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.) and Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum(Sw.) DC.]. As directed postemergence treatment, 2-seobutyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb) controlled common cocklebur and Florida beggarweed about as well as 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron). However, for the broad spectrum of weeds encountered on the Greenville soil, linuron was superior to dinoseb, especially on Texas panicum(Panicum texanumBuckl.). Systems containing only cultivation controlled 84 to 98% of the common cocklebur and 78 to 99% of the Florida beggarweed. On Greenville sandy clay loam, several systems of weed control significantly reduced the stand but not the yield of soybeans. Vernolate reduced stands when used as a preplanting incorporated treatment but not when injected at planting. No significant yield differences among the weed control systems were apparent in the 3-year averages. Costs of weed control ranged from $20 to $30/ha for cultivation only, from $55 to $73/ha for herbicides only, and from $45 to $53/ha for herbicides combined with cultivation. Uncontrolled weeds, primarily common cocklebur and Florida beggarweed, in the weedy check plots reduced the average yield of soybeans 74% on the Ocilla soil during the 3-year period. The different systems of weed control did not affect commercial quality of soybean oil.

Comparison of Six Cropping Systems for Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Keeley ◽  
R. J. Thullen ◽  
J. H. Miller ◽  
C. H. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Double Cropping

Six cropping/weed control systems were evaluated from 1978 to 1980 for the control of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.). Supplementing cultivation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Acala SJ-2′) with either preplant applications of fluridone {1 - methyl - 3 - phenyl - 5 - [3 - (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] -4(1H-pyridinone} or two hoeings for 2 yr preceding cotton treated with DSMA (disodium methanearsonate) and MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) reduced populations of viable yellow nutsedge tubers 98 to 99% within 3 yr. Dry- or wet - fallowing plus tillage after barley (Hordeum vulgareL. ‘Kombyne’), and double cropping potatoes (Solanum tuberosumL. ‘White Rose’) treated with EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) with soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Williams’] treated with alachlor [2-chloro - 2′, 6’ - diethyl -N- (methoxymethyl)acetanilide] for 2 yr preceding cotton, reduced populations of tubers 98 to 99% within 3 yr. A similar reduction of tubers (97%) was obtained by double cropping potatoes with milo [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench. ‘NK- 265′] for 2 yr preceding cotton.

Herbicidal Weed Control in Stubble No-Till Planted Corn

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kapusta ◽  
C.F. Strieker
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
No Till ◽  
Contact Control ◽  
Complete Contact ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum

Several dozen herbicide systems were evaluated over a 4-yr period for weed control in stubble no-till planted corn (Zea maysL.). Crop tolerance and corn yield data also were obtained. Paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) and glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] afforded excellent desiccation of all emerged vegetation each year. The oil-soluble formulation of dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) also afforded complete contact control of emerged vegetation in 1975, the only year it was evaluated. A herbicide system consisting of an acetanilide plus a triazine afforded the most consistent residual weed control. The specific herbicides affording satisfactory control largely depended on the weed spectrum. Fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorumMichx.), large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.], and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) were the weeds most difficult to control with the herbicide systems used in these studies. Corn yields were influenced primarily by the degree of weed control achieved, and in several instances by secondary effects of stand reduction or injury.

Peanut Weed Control With and Without Acetolactate Synthase-inhibiting Herbicides1

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wehtje ◽  
B. Brecke
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Field Identification ◽  
Hydroxyl Acid

Abstract Field studies were conducted in Florida and Alabama during 2001 and 2002 to compare weed control systems for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) that included only the herbicides registered on peanut that do not inhibit aceto hydroxyl acid synthase (AHAS). Three non-AHAS systems were identified that consistently preformed equivalent to imazapic, i.e., an AHAS-inhibiting herbicide that is very effective in peanut. These systems were either S-metolachlor plus flumioxazin, S-metolachlor plus S-dimethenamid, or S-metolachor plus norflurazon applied preemergence (PRE), followed by paraquat plus bentazon plus 2,4-DB applied postemergence. Greenhouse studies established that tank mixtures of S-metolachlor plus flumioxazin and S-metolachor plus norflurazon applied PRE were synergistic with respect to yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) control. This synergism may contribute to the excellent performance of these S-metolachlor-containing tank mixtures in the field. Identification of systems which utilize herbicides with modes of action other than AHAS inhibition could offer rotational alternatives to delay the emergence of AHAS-resistant weed biotypes, or alternatives should such biotypes become problematic.

Population dynamics of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) in cropping systems in the southeastern coastal plain

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Carroll Johnson ◽  
B. G. Mullinix
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Southeastern Coastal Plain ◽  
Annual Weeds

Studies were conducted from 1990 through 1994 near Tifton, GA, on the population dynamics of yellow nutsedge and certain annual weeds in peanut—corn and peanut—cotton rotations. Converse rotation sequences were included to eliminate year effects. Continuous fallow plots (noncrop) were included for comparison. Within each crop, including fallow, were 3 levels of weed management: low, moderate, and intensive. Weed densities and numbers of yellow nutsedge tubers were not affected by crop rotations, but they were affected by individual crops and weed management systems in each crop. Fallow plots, including those with intensive fallow weed management using tillage and nonselective herbicides, consistently contained more yellow nutsedge plants and tubers than other plots. Moderate and intensive weed control systems in peanut and cotton reduced yellow nutsedge densities and tubers, but only peanut yields were increased by intensive weed management. Weed management systems did not affect yellow nutsedge densities in corn, although yields were increased by moderate and intensive systems due to improved control of other weeds. Our results suggest that uninterrupted plantings of peanut, corn, or cotton with moderate levels of weed management are generally sufficient to suppress yellow nutsedge and allow for optimum crop yield. If fields are fallow, yellow nutsedge population densities and tubers will increase exponentially, even with intensive fallow weed management.

Residual Weed Control with Imazapic, Diclosulam, and Flumioxazin in Southeastern Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Grey ◽  
D. C. Bridges ◽  
E. P. Prostko ◽  
E. F. Eastin ◽  
W. C. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Residual Control

Abstract Imazapic, diclosulam, and flumioxazin have been registered for use in peanut since 1996. These herbicides provide substantial residual control of broadleaf weeds in peanut. A comprehensive review was conducted for these residual herbicides to determine their role in future weed control systems in peanuts. Weed control data for research from over 100 experiments conducted from 1990–2000 by Georgia, Florida, and Auburn Universities and USDA-ARS scientists were compiled. Residual herbicide systems evaluated were imazapic postemergence (POST) at 71 g ai/ha, flumioxazin preemergence (PRE) at 70, 87, and 104 g ai/ha, diclosulam preplant incorporated (PPI) and PRE at 18 and 26 g ai/ha, and paraquat plus bentazon early POST (EPOST). Other treatments included the residual herbicides used in combination with paraquat plus bentazon EPOST, for a total of 17 treatments. Regionally important weeds were selected and included: sicklepod, Florida beggarweed, purple and yellow nut-sedge, Ipomoea morningglory species, and smallflower morningglory. Sicklepod control with imazapic alone was 86% (50 tests), 73% (25 tests) with paraquat plus bentazon, and 63% or less with diclosulam and flumioxazin regardless of rate. Florida beggarweed control was 90% (29 tests) with flumioxazin (104 g/ha PRE); 78% (50 tests) with diclosulam 26 g/ha PPI; 72% (72 tests) with imazapic; and 70% (40 tests) with paraquat plus bentazon. Purple and yellow nutsedge control was 90% with imazapic. Yellow nutsedge control was 78% (18 tests) with diclosulam (26 g/ha PRE) and less than 69% with flumioxazin and paraquat plus bentazon. Paraquat plus bentazon increased weed control over residual herbicides alone.

EFFICACY OF THREE DINITROANILINE HERBICIDES IN PROCESSING PEAS AND THEIR RESIDUES IN SOILS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. N. JENSEN ◽  
E. R. KIMBALL ◽  
J. A. IVANY
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
One Year ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

The efficacy and relative persistence of dinitramine (N′,N′-diethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-3,5-dinitrotoluene-2-4-diamine), ethalfluralin [N-ethyl-N-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2,6-dinitro-4(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine], and trifluralin (α,α,α -trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-diproply-p-toluidine) were studied in a series of field trials conducted on a Charlottetown fine sandy loam (P.E.I.) and on a Somerset loamy sand (N.S.). Phytotoxicity, as reflected by weed control and injury to the peas (Pisum sativum L.), was greater on the sandy soil and herbicide rates recommended for the region may reduce yields on light soil types. The margin of crop tolerance was also reduced in one year characterized by an extremely wet growing season. Under field conditions, there was little practical difference in weed control obtained with the three herbicides. Dinitramine and ethalfluralin were more persistent in the Somerset sand than in the Charlottetown sandy loam. The order of decreasing persistence was trifluralin>ethalfluralin>dinitramine, except in the Somerset sand where the persistence of ethalfluralin and trifluralin was similar. Significant detectable levels of all three herbicides remained 320 days after application.Key words: Processing peas, dinitramine, ethalfluralin, trifluralin, residue

scholarly journals Density and Time of Emergence of Yellow Nutsedge Affect Squash Yield

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 845D-846
Author(s):  
J. Pablo Morales-Payan* ◽  
William M. Stall
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Direct Seeded

A field experiment was conducted in Live Oak, Fla., to determine the effect of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) (YN) density and time of emergence on the yield of direct-seeded squash (Cucurbita pepo L.). YN densities (0, 20, 40, 60, and 100 plants/m2) were established from tubers planted at different times onto polyethylene-mulched beds, so that YN would emerge the same day as the crop or 5, 15, or 25 days later than the crop (DLTC). YN was not controlled after its emergence. The extent of squash yield loss was affected by YN density and time of emergence. When YN emerged the same day as the crop, the yield of squash was reduced by ≈7% (20 YN/m2) to 20% (100 YN/m2). When YN emerged 15 DLTC, crop yield loss was ≈13% at the density of 100 YN/m2>. Regardless of density, YN emerging 25 DLTC did not significantly reduce crop yield as compared to weed-free squash. Thus, in soils with high YN densities (≈100 viable tubers/m2) herbicides and/or other means of YN suppression in squash should be effective for at least 25 days after crop emergence to prevent significant yield loss. If squash yield losses <5% were acceptable, YN control may not be necessary when densities <20 YN/m2 emerge at any time during the squash season or when <100 YN/m2 emerge >25 DLTC. However, YN emerging during the first 15 days of the squash season may produce tubers, which could increase the YN population at the beginning of the following crop season.

scholarly journals Weed Control with Landscape Fabrics

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Derr ◽  
Bonnie Lee Appleton
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Abstract Six polypropylene landscape fabrics were compared with black plastic and preemergence herbicides for weed control. Large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] shoots and roots and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) shoots penetrated all of the fabrics tested and developed into large plants. In greenhouse studies, black plastic plus mulch, and pennant (metolachlor) [2-chloro-N-(2ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] at 4.5 kg ai/ha (4.0 lb/A) plus mulch provided equal, or greater control of large crabgrass than the landscape fabrics. In the field study, more time was required to hand-weed landscape fabrics covered with mulch than uncovered fabrics. When covered with mulch, hand-weeding time and weed shoot fresh weights were similar for black plastic, surflan (oryzalin) [4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide] at 2.2 kg/ha (2.0 lb/A), and the landscape fabrics.

Paraquat for Weed Control Prior to Establishing Legumes

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Linscott ◽  
A. A. Akhavein ◽  
R. D. Hagin
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Weed Growth

Land was prepared conventionally in early spring for the planting of small seeded legumes. Planting was delayed to allow emergence of weeds. We applied 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium salts (paraquat) and planted legumes immediately afterwards. Stage of weed growth, time of herbicide application, rate of chemical applied, and the methods of seeding were variables imposed. Paraquat (plus surfactant) applied at 1.1 and 2.2 kg/ha to emerged weeds prior to the seeding of legumes controlled quackgrass [Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv.] sufficiently to allow excellent establishment of alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatusL.). A paraquat application delayed until yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) was at least 10 cm in height, followed by a disking, controlled the sedge sufficiently to allow legume establishment. For annual weed control, 0.3% kg/ha of paraquat was sufficient. Drilling as a method of seeding gave better legume stands than did surface-seeding techniques.

Evaluation of the Relative Phytotoxicity of Herbicides to Cotton and Nutsedge

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Keeley ◽  
C. H. Carter ◽  
J. H. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Low Rate

The following herbicides were evaluated for relative phytotoxicity to cotton(Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Acala SJ-1′), purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundusL.), and yellow nutsedge(Cyperus esculentusL.) under greenhouse conditions: 2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide (alachlor); 2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(butoxymethyl)acetanilide (CP-53619); 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione (VCS-438); 4-chloro-5-(dimethylamino)-2-α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone (San-6706); 2-(α naphthoxy)-N,N-diethyl-propionamide (R-7465); andS-isopropyl 5-ethyl-2-methyl-piperidine-1-carbiothioate (R-12001). Herbicides were incorporated 6.35 cm deep, at rates of 1.12, 2.24, and 4.48 kg/ha, into a fine sandy loam prior to planting. All treatments except the low rate of alachlor and VCS-438 controlled yellow nutsedge for 8 weeks. R-7465 and R-12001 at 1.12 kg/ha and San-6706 at 2.24 kg/ha controlled purple nutsedge for 8 weeks. Alachlor and CP-53619 were somewhat less effective against purple nutsedge than yellow nutsedge, but their intermediate rates suppressed purple nutsedge for 4 weeks. Even the high rate of VCS-438 was ineffective against purple nutsedge. Cotton, in terms of fresh shoot weight, exhibited considerable tolerance to 1.12 and 2.24 kg/ha of VCS-438 and CP-53619 and 1.12 kg/ha of R-7465. Applications of 2.24 kg/ha of CP-53619 and 1.12 kg/ha of R-7465, however, suppressed the development of lateral roots of cotton. Other rates of these herbicides and all rates of alachlor, R-12001, and San-6706 moderately to severely injured cotton in most of the experiments.

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