Variation Within Pure Lines of Wild Oats (Avena fatua) in Relation to Temperature of Development

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Adkins ◽  
Mary Loewen ◽  
Stephen J. Symons
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
Seed Water Content

Plants of dormant and nondormant wild oat (Avena fatuaL. # AVEFA) lines were grown under temperatures of 15, 20, and 25 C. A number of physiological and morphological characters in the plants and seed of both lines were influenced by temperature. Duration of dormancy in the progeny seed increased in both lines that had experienced low temperatures (15 C) during development, and decreased in seed of both lines that had experienced high temperatures (25 C) during development. High, compared to low, temperatures of development decreased plant height, vegetative and seed development time, seed numbers per plant, seed dry weight, and seed water content.

Variation Within Pure Lines of Wild Oats (Avena fatua) in Relation to Degree of Primary Dormancy

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 859-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Adkins ◽  
Mary Loewen ◽  
Stephen J. Symons
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Primary Dormancy ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Low Degrees ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
High Degree ◽  
B Lines

The germination of caryopses on water or GA3 solutions was used to characterize the degree of primary dormancy present in the seed progeny of 10 genetically pure lines of wild oats (Avena fatua L. # AVEFA). These 10 lines represented a range of types from lines exhibiting no dormancy to those with a high degree of dormancy. Repeated propagation of these pure lines under constant environmental conditions identified several genetically inherited characters that were associated with the inherited differences in degree of primary dormancy. Correlation of the seed development period, number of primary caryopses produced, and caryopsis moisture content to the degree of primary dormancy shows: a) Lines characterized by low degrees of primary dormancy were, in general, those that had a short seed development time and produced few heavy seed low in percent water; and b) lines characterized by high degrees of primary dormancy were, in general, those that had a long seed development time and produced many light seed high in percent water. The adaptive advantage of the coupling of physiological and morphological characters with degree of dormancy is discussed and the possibility that some characters are determined by others is indicated.

Lentil (Lens culinaris) Yield as Influenced by Duration of Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Interference

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Curran ◽  
Larry A. Morrow ◽  
Ralph E. Whitesides
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Time Periods

Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of wild oat (Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) interference in lentils (Lens culinaris Medik). An infestation of 32 and 65 wild oats/m2 maintained up to 5 weeks in the field did not reduce lentil grain yield. However, 32 wild oats/m2 reduced yields 32% when allowed to remain for 7 weeks and 49% if they remained until harvest time (11 weeks). Sixty-five wild oats/m2 reduced grain yield 42 and 61% for the same time periods, respectively. In the growth chamber, 69 wild oats/m2 reduced lentil plant dry weight 29% if allowed to remain for 3 weeks, 61% for 5 weeks, and 72% for 7 weeks (harvest time). The field data suggest that wild oat control measures may be delayed for several weeks after lentil emergence without reducing crop yield.

EFFECTS OF POST-EMERGENCE WILD OAT HERBICIDES ON THE TRANSPIRATION OF WILD OATS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. SHARMA ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN ◽  
D. K. McBEATH
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Foliar Treatment

Transpiration of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) plants was markedly reduced after foliar treatment with barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chlorocarbanilate), asulam (methyl sulfanylcarbamate), dichlorfop methyl (4-(2′,4′-dichlorophenoxy)-phenoxypropionic acid methyl ester), difenzoquat (1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-1 H-pyrazolium) or benzoylprop ethyl (ethyl-N-benzoyl-N(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-aminopropionate). Suppression of transpiration increased with increasing herbicide rates. Difenzoquat and dichlorfop methyl at 1.12 kg/ha reduced transpiration by more than 50% within 2 days after spraying. Barban, asulam and benzoylprop ethyl did not reduce transpiration to this level until about 12 days after spraying. When wild oats and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown together, removal of the weed with these herbicides resulted in significantly heavier barley and wheat plants with more tillers per plant than in the untreated control. The earlier removal of wild oat competition with dichlorfop methyl and difenzoquat treatments resulted in the production of more dry weight and culms per plant of barley and wheat than with the slower-acting barban and benzoylprop ethyl.

Barban Selectivity for Wild Oat in Wheat

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Neidermyer ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Wild Oats

The response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) to barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chlorocarbanilate) was studied as influenced by plant morphology and air temperature after application. Growth of wheat and wild oat seedlings was reduced by barban at 0.3 μg and 0.6 μg applied to the first node, respectively. Barban application to the base and midpoint of the first leaf blade required a lower dose to reduce wild oat growth than wheat growth. Increased tillering occurred from barban injury to the main culm in wheat. Wheat and wild oat susceptibility to barban increased as the post-treatment temperature decreased from 32 to 10 C. Barban selectivity for wild oats in wheat was greater at 27 and 21 C than at 16 and 10 C.

SPRAY DROPLET DISTRIBUTION AND HERBICIDE UPTAKE IN SEQUENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF DICLOFOP-METHYL AND MCPA FOR WEED CONTROL IN BARLEY

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. QURESHI ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Spray Droplet ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Droplet Distribution ◽  
Spray Droplets ◽  
Spray Volume

Uptake of 14C-diclofop-methyl {methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy propanoate]} by leaves of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) was reduced significantly in the presence of MCPA {[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy]acetic acid]}, especially the dimethylamine formulation. If the herbicides were applied separately, the degree of interference with uptake depended on the extent of overlap of droplets of the two spray preparations on the leaf surface. Spray volume and direction of spray application were important factors in minimizing the mixing of spray droplets on the leaves if the two herbicides were applied separately with a tandem arrangement of two sprayers. Such a sequential application of MCPA ester and diclofop-methyl in a field experiment provided significantly greater wild oat control than could be obtained with a tank mix of the same two herbicides, but the results were not consistent enough to recommend the procedure for practical use.

Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Infestations and Economic Returns as Influenced by Frequency of Control

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. O'Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Average Return

In continuous wheat or barley or in a canola/barley rotation, wild oat control every year over 4 yr maintained wild oat seedling populations at 3 plants/m2 or less. Failure to control wild oats annually increased wild oat populations (>200 plants/m2 by the fourth year) in continuous wheat dramatically, while in the other two cropping systems, populations increased to only 40 plants/m2 or less by the fourth year. In the continuous wheat and in the canola/barley rotation, wild oat control every year generally provided the best economic returns when prices and costs were averaged over 4 yr; in continuous barley, the average return was better when wild oats was controlled only in the second or third years rather than every year.

Morphological and physiological variation in wild oats (Avena fatua L. and A. ludoviciana Dur.) and in hybrids between wild and cultivated oats

1957 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M. Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Physiological Variation ◽  
Wild Oats

In samples of wild-oat panicles collected in England and Wales in 1951 only two species, Avena fatua L. and Avena ludoviciana Dur., occurred; both were very variable in grain characters but most plants bred true. Plants of all except one type of A. fatua were upright in habit with few tillers and averaged 95% dormant grains at harvest; plants of A. ludoviciana were procumbent or prostrate at the maximum tillering stage with numerous tillers and the percentage dormant grains was lower than in A. fatua.The taxonomy of wild oats is discussed. Chromosome counts on eleven selections showed that 2n = 42.Types intermediate between wild and cultivated oats were compared with wild oats.

Changes in inorganic phosphate and seed germinability during afterripening of wild oats

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2469-2471 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Quick ◽  
Andrew I. Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Seed Germinability ◽  
Wild Oats

The period of afterripening required by dormant seeds of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) depends upon their genetic and environmental history. A steady increase was found in the level of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and germinability of dry mature caryopses of genetically dormant wild oat lines as afterripening progressed. There were no appreciable changes in Pi or in germinability of the companion seeds stored at −15 °C over the period of study. Secondary seeds were more dormant and had lower levels of Pi during afterripening than was the case with primary seeds. Storage at room temperature had little effect on Pi level of nondormant seed line. Results support the hypothesis that levels of endogenous Pi within the seed influence germinability.

Genetic basis of dormancy and differential response to sodium azide in Avena fatua seeds

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jana ◽  
M. K. Upadhyaya ◽  
S. N. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Maternal Influence ◽  
Maternal Parent ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Respiratory Inhibitor ◽  
Pure Lines

Seven crosses, involving either nondormant × dormant or dormant × dormant pure lines of wild oats (Avena fatua L.), were made. Selfing of the hybrid and further hybridization were carried out to produce the F2 and reciprocal backcross generations. The seed germination time-course curves of the parents, their F1, and segregating generations over a 20-week period were studied. Differences in time course of germination in these generations were interpreted in terms of a minimum of three interacting loci. Two pure lines, AN51 and MO73, differed in their response to sodium azide, a respiratory inhibitor, with the former being more responsive. In crosses between these lines, the F1 seeds were also more responsive when AN51 was used as the maternal parent. This differential response of two dormant pure lines and their reciprocal F1s suggests maternal influence in germination response to sodium azide.

Temperature Effect of Phytotoxicity of Soil-Applied Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 566-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. G. Mulder ◽  
J. D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Acid Toxicity

Experiments were conducted in controlled environmental chambers to determine the influence of temperature on the phytotoxicity of seven soil-applied herbicides. Diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} soil incorporated or surface applied, was more toxic to wild oat(Avena fatuaL.) shoots at 10 and 17 C than at 24 C. Efficacy of diclofop was enhanced with soil incorporation. Diclofop toxicity to wild oat roots was not influenced by a change in temperature. EPTC(S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) stimulated sugarbeet(Beta vulgarisL. ‘American Crystal Hybrid B’) shoot dry weight production at 10 C and caused dry weight reduction at 24 C. Atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] toxicity to barley(Hordeum vulgareL. ‘Larker’) and alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] toxicity to oats(Avena sativaL. ‘Chief’) increased with increased temperature from 10 to 17 C. Temperatures within the range of 10 to 24 C did not affect trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) toxicity to barley or BAY-5653 [N-(2-benzothiazolyl)-N-methylurea] or chloamben (3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid) toxicity to oats.

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