The effect of light during and after soil cultivation with different tillage implements on weed seedling emergence

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier F. Botto ◽  
Ana L. Scopel ◽  
Carlos L. Ballaré ◽  
Rodolfo A. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Light Stimulus ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
Microenvironmental Factors ◽  
Chisel Plow ◽  
Effect Of Light ◽  
Moldboard Plow

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of sunlight perceived by weed seeds during and after soil cultivation with moldboard and chisel plows on induction of seed germination. Daytime cultivation with a moldboard plow increased weed seedling emergence by as much as 200% above the levels recorded following nighttime cultivation; however, the magnitude of this promotion varied depending on season and field history, and occasionally it was nil. In contrast, when a chisel plow was used in primary tillage, no differences in seedling emergence were observed between daytime and nighttime cultivation. The absolute germination level in plots cultivated with a chisel plow was at least 200% greater than in plots cultivated with a moldboard plow. This observation suggests that microenvironmental factors other than light played an important role in promoting seed germination in chisel-plowed plots. Covering moldboard-plowed plots with opaque plastic immediately after cultivation did not reduce weed seedling emergence compared to plots that were either covered with transparent film or left uncovered. Our results suggest that only the light stimulus perceived by the seeds during soil cultivation is effective in triggering germination.

Influence of tillage type on vertical weed seedbank distribution in a sandy soil

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence J. Swanton ◽  
Anil Shrestha ◽  
Stevan Z. Knezevic ◽  
Robert C. Roy ◽  
Bonnie R. Ball-Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Seedling Emergence Method ◽  
Chisel Plow ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Moldboard Plow

The vertical distribution of weed seeds in the seedbank of a sandy soil under three tillage systems (moldboard plow, chisel plow, and no-till) was estimated by a seedling-emergence method. The vertical distribution of the weed seedbank differed with tillage type and depth of tillage. The no-till system had the largest portion (90%) of the seedbank in the 0- to 5-cm layer. Chisel plowing distributed most of the seeds (66%) in the 5- to 10-cm layer. Moldboard plowing concentrated 71% of the seeds at the 10- to 15-cm depth. Our results suggest that the vertical distribution of the weed seedbank will be influenced by tillage type, depth of tillage, and soil type. Key words: Soil structure, moldboard plow, chisel plow, no-till

Soil water thresholds for photoinduction of redroot pigweed germination

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Gallagher ◽  
John Cardina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Light Stimulus ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Seed Population ◽  
Potential Gradients ◽  
Water Contents

Perception of light by phytochrome is a mechanism that triggers weed seed germination in response to soil disturbance. Photoconversion of phytochrome from the red light absorbing form to the active far-red absorbing form depends on hydration of phytochrome. This research was conducted to determine the soil water threshold for the photoinduction of germination by the brief exposure of light that occurs during soil disturbance, and to determine how this threshold is affected by the fluence of the light stimulus and fluence sensitivity of the seed population. Redroot pigweed seedling emergence and germination response to red light (R) was studied for a range of water potentials. Water potential gradients were established by incubating seeds in soils wetted to various water contents, or in polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG) solutions. After imposing the light treatments, seeds were returned to a fully hydrated state. Seedling emergence in response to R increased as the volumetric water content (θv) of soils increased. At volumetric water contents of 4.0%, R-induced seedling emergence was inhibited 50% compared to photoinduced seedling emergence at the highest soil water contents tested. Attenuation of photoinduction was more pronounced at low vs. high R fluences in freshly imbibed seeds, but was unaffected in seeds that exhibited enhanced fluence sensitivity. In ecosystems where seasonal soil moisture extremes are prevalent, the photoinduction of seed germination may be limited in dry microsites such as surface crusts or under extreme drought conditions.

scholarly journals Seed germination and seedling emergence of the invasive exotic species, Clausena excavata

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
DCM. Vieira ◽  
F. Socolowski ◽  
M. Takaki
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
White Light ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Invasive Exotic Species ◽  
Field Emergence ◽  
Invasive Exotic ◽  
Effect Of Light

The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of light and temperature on seed germination and the effect of light on seedling emergence of Clausena excavata, an invasive exotic species. Seeds were incubated at constant temperatures (10 to 40 ºC), under continuous white light and darkness. Seedling emergence was evaluated under full sun and canopy shade. There was no significant difference between seeds germinated in the presence or absence of light at temperatures between 20 and 35 ºC. Seeds maintained at 20 ºC germinated more slowly than other temperatures. Independent of temperature, seed germination was much more synchronised under white light than under darkness. In the field, emergence occurred in both environments, but a greater percentage was observed under full sun. Seedling emergence occurred at the same rate and synchronisation index under both conditions. C. excavata has a high invader potential in open areas and shaded environments.

Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence of Blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides) as Affected by Non–Target-Site Herbicide Resistance

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 732-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eshagh Keshtkar ◽  
Solvejg K. Mathiassen ◽  
Roland Beffa ◽  
Per Kudsk
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Fitness Cost ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Alopecurus Myosuroides

Seedling emergence traits of susceptible (S) and resistant (R) blackgrass subpopulations isolated from a single non–target-site resistant (NTSR) population were studied in controlled conditions. The seedling emergence of the R subpopulation was lower and slower than that of the S subpopulation, especially at low temperature and deep burial. The burial depth inhibiting final emergence by 50% for the R subpopulation was significantly lower than that of the S subpopulation at low temperature. The present study revealed that under suboptimal conditions the NTSR loci conferring herbicide resistance were correlated with a fitness cost in relation to seedling emergence traits. The results suggest that deep soil cultivation and delayed sowing of autumn-sown crops can hamper germination of the R more than of the S subpopulation and thus potentially reduce the prevalence of the R subpopulation in the blackgrass population.

Oxidative signalling in seed germination and early seedling growth: an emerging role for ROS trafficking and inter-organelle communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 478 (10) ◽  
pp. 1977-1984
Author(s):  
Christophe Bailly ◽  
Livia Merendino
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cell Compartments ◽  
Ros Homeostasis ◽  
Retrograde Signalling ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Organelle Communication

Underground early development of higher plants includes two distinct developmental processes, seed germination and then skotomorphogenesis, a mechanism which favours elongation of the hypocotyl and helps the seedling to find light. Interestingly, both processes, which are regulated by plant hormones, have been shown to depend on reactive oxygen species metabolism and to be related to mitochondrial retrograde signalling. Here we review the recent outcomes in this field of research and highlight the emerging role of ROS communication between organelles and cell compartments. We point out the role of mitochondria as an environmental and developmental sensor organelle that regulates ROS homeostasis and downstream events and we propose future directions of research that should help better understanding the roles of ROS in germination and seedling emergence.

scholarly journals Effect of Environmental Factors on the Germination and Emergence of Drunken Horse Grass (Achnatherum inebrians)

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Yonghuan Yue ◽  
Guili Jin ◽  
Weihua Lu ◽  
Ke Gong ◽  
Wanqiang Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Western China ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Achnatherum Inebrians ◽  
Water Ph

Abstract Drunken horse grass [Achnatherum inebrians (Hance) Keng] is a perennial poisonous weed in western China. A comprehensive understanding of the ecological response of A. inebrians germination to environmental factors would facilitate the formulation of better management strategies for this weed. Experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions to assess the effects of various abiotic factors, including temperature, light, water, pH and burial depth, on the seed germination and seedling emergence of A. inebrians. The seeds germinated at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35°C and in alternating-temperature regimes of 15/5, 20/10, 25/15, 30/20, 35/25, 40/30°C, and the seed germination percentages under constant and alternating temperatures ranged from 51% to 94% and 15% to 93%, respectively. Maximum germination occurred at a constant temperature of 25°C, and germination was prevented at 45/35°C. Light did not appear to affect seed germination. The germination percentage of seeds was more than 75% in the pH range of 5 to 10, with the highest germination percentage at pH 6. The seeds germinated at osmotic potentials of 0 MPa to -1.0 MPa, but decreasing osmotic potential inhibited germination, with no germination at -1.2MPa. After 21 d of low osmotic stress, the seeds that did not germinate after rehydration had not lost their vitality. The seedling emergence percentage was highest (90%) when seeds were buried at 1 cm but declined with increasing burial depth and no emergence at 9 cm. Deep tillage may be effective in limiting the seed germination and emergence of this species. The results of this study provide useful information on the conditions necessary for A. inebrians germination and provide a theoretical basis for science-based prediction, prevention and control of this species.

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