“Documents, Please”

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Hunter ◽  
Robert Brill
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Birth Certificate ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Birth Registration ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
The Poor ◽  
State Infrastructure

A birth certificate is essential to exercising citizenship, yet vast numbers of poor people in developing countries have no official record of their existence. Few academic studies analyze the conditions under which governments come to document and certify births routinely, and those that do leave much to be explained, including why nontotalitarian governments at low to middle levels of economic development come to prioritize birth registration. This article draws attention to the impetus that welfare-building initiatives give to identity documentation. The empirical focus is on contemporary Latin America, where extensions in institutionalized social protection since the 1990s have increased the demand for and supply of birth registration, raising the life chances of the poor and building state infrastructure in the process. The authors' argument promises to have broader applicability as welfare states form in other developing regions.

Health in MENA

2016 ◽  
pp. 38-63
Author(s):  
Randa Alami
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Financial Burdens ◽  
Universal Health

This chapter argues that health is an essential pillar of growth, and that ensuring Universal Health Coverage is a key pre-requisite for equitable and inclusive development. MENA health systems are far from meeting this challenge, because of clear developmental failures and lack of political will, not to mention wars. At present, MENA health systems are fragmented, inefficient, and deficient, delivering often mediocre, urban centered, tertiary care. They exclude large swathes of the population, particularly the poor, resulting in persistent disparities and inequities. Because of privatization, the neglect of public health, and defective social protection, MENA citizens shoulder some of the highest financial burdens amongst developing regions, which worsen and deepen poverty. To meet its health challenges and achieve inclusive development, governments need to revamp their public health sectors, and play a more central role in protecting the poor and vulnerable. MENA must invest in health, equity and development.

scholarly journals Finding the Poor vs. Measuring Their Poverty: Exploring the Drivers of Targeting Effectiveness in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adama Bah ◽  
Samuel Bazzi ◽  
Sudarno Sumarto ◽  
Julia Tobias
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Specific Targeting ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Targeting Effectiveness ◽  
Targeting Accuracy

Abstract Centralized targeting registries are increasingly used to allocate social assistance benefits in developing countries. There are two key design issues that matter for targeting accuracy: (i) which households to survey for inclusion in the registry; and (ii) how to rank surveyed households. We attempt to identify their relative importance by evaluating Indonesia's Unified Database for Social Protection Programs (UDB), among the largest targeting registries in the world, used to provide social assistance to over 25 million households. Linking administrative data with an independent household survey, we find that the UDB system is more progressive than previous, program-specific targeting approaches. However, simulating an alternative targeting system based on enumerating all households, we find a one-third reduction in undercoverage of the poor compared to focusing on households registered in the UDB. Overall, there are large gains in targeting performance from improving the initial registration stage relative to the ranking stage.

Democracy and Redistribution: The Role of Regime Revisited

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-590
Author(s):  
Vera Beloshitzkaya
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Cultural Legacies ◽  
Communist Countries

This study challenges a well-supported institutionalist theory in comparative politics that links democracy with higher levels of redistribution as well as studies that link authoritarianism with welfare state liberalization. Using pooled cross-sectional data for ten post-communist countries spanning twenty-five years and a dynamic model specification, the study shows that, contrary to what the institutionalist theory predicts, post-communist democratic governments redistribute about 0.6 percent less of their GDP on social protection in the short term and 1.3 percent less in the long term than post-communist autocrats do. However, consistent with the cultural legacies hypothesis, there are no differences when it comes to redistribution of life chances through health care and education. I attribute the finding that post-communist autocracies redistribute more via social spending and are reluctant to liberalize their welfare states to their need to maintain popular legitimacy in a region where citizens are accustomed to high levels of redistribution and popular protests often lead to regime turnover. I argue that post-communist democracies have other available mechanisms to maintain their legitimacy, namely, free and fair elections, while post-communist autocratic governments have to rely on redistribution to do so. The findings have implications for our understanding of authoritarian resilience in the region.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITY AND POVERTY REDUCTION THROUGH MICRO FINANCE IN INDIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (10(SE)) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Shankar ◽  
N.Senthil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Economic Developments

Poverty is a term with which manly developing countries are suffering. The poor people one of basic need for financial requirements to socio economic developments. Micro-finance has become one of the most effective interventions for economic empowerment of the poor. The experience across India and other countries has shown a robust potential of Microfinance to integrate with the development issues thereby significantly impacting the lives of poor. In this research paper indicates that role micro finance large contribution to economic development of poor people as well as challenges, opportunity and poverty reduction through micro finance.

Health in MENA

2016 ◽  
pp. 125-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randa Alami
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Financial Burdens ◽  
Universal Health

This chapter argues that health is an essential pillar of growth, and that ensuring Universal Health Coverage is a key pre-requisite for equitable and inclusive development. MENA health systems are far from meeting this challenge, because of clear developmental failures and lack of political will, not to mention wars. At present, MENA health systems are fragmented, inefficient, and deficient, delivering often mediocre, urban centered, tertiary care. They exclude large swathes of the population, particularly the poor, resulting in persistent disparities and inequities. Because of privatization, the neglect of public health, and defective social protection, MENA citizens shoulder some of the highest financial burdens amongst developing regions, which worsen and deepen poverty. To meet its health challenges and achieve inclusive development, governments need to revamp their public health sectors, and play a more central role in protecting the poor and vulnerable. MENA must invest in health, equity and development.

scholarly journals The role of micro-insurance in the field of public health

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Novakovic ◽  
M Jevtic ◽  
L j Popović ◽  
D j Ćosić
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Poor People ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Micro Insurance

Abstract Issue/problem It is recognized that is very important to have an instrument to mitigate risks and reduce the vulnerability of poor and low-income households, especially in disasters. Health risks are often identified by the poor people as the greatest and costliest risks they face. Millions of people worldwide fall into poverty as a result of excessive healthcare costs because the state doesn’t provide them health insurance. Health problems not only impact household budget, but also reduce the productivity and reduce the opportunity for growth. Therefore the reform of social systems poses a considerable challenge. Description In order to remedy the situation, global actors like World Health Organization (WHO, International Labour Organization (ILO), the World Bank (WB) advocate for a special category of insurance, health micro-insurance (HMI), as a medium term solution for health care financing, that tends to access equitable and quality health care. HMI was created to promote insurance coverage among economically vulnerable sections of society. It is one of the potential ways that might provides the protection of low-income people against specific perils in exchange for regular premium payment proportionate to the likelihood and cost of the risks involved. Results As a health care financing mechanism, HMI has a short history, but offers the following benefits: it can improve the access of certain vulnerable populations to healthcare, develop more suitable services, facilitate the participation of civil society and limit fraud, educate populations about social security. Lessons This instrument has not been conceptualized to compete or replace public social protection. Rather, it is most effective when embedded into a comprehensive social protection framework which includes informal, private and other risk management strategies of preventive measures, mitigation and suitable coping strategies. Key messages HMI can mitigate the risks of population and groups, ill health and provides hope that the poor will receive reliable and adequate access to affordable health care. HMI can be seen as a tool for better public health in vulnerable and poor communities.

scholarly journals On the Promotion of Entrepreneurship Micro Credit Applications: An Evaluation for Kyrgyzstan Economy

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selçuk Kendirli ◽  
Yakup Ülker ◽  
Muharrem Tuna
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Poor People ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Entrepreneurship Capital ◽  
Micro Credit

After 2000 year, there are series workings for solving problem which is the poor people has got very low earning. The micro finance companies importance increased during this period for breaking the beggary, give strong to the women. The reason of giving to micro finance credit is given for react to entrepreneurship capital, buying for raw materials and buying for machinery and equipment. In 1990 after the independence, Kyrgyzstan which is one of the developing countries has created suitable economic conditional for micro finance credits. It has grown up because the financial sector is not developed and populations’ earning is not too much. In this study, there was a research about micro credit application in Kyrgyzstan.

scholarly journals Securitization: An Alternative Funding Mechanism for the Microfinance Institutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Shahadat Hossain ◽  
Rubaiyet Hasan Khan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Alternative Funding ◽  
Funding Mechanism ◽  
The Poor

Despite microfinance has been widely appreciated as an informal financial mechanism to provide financial services to the poor people in developing countries, this sector is still lacking behind in fulfilling the demand gap due to the dearth of adequate funds. Securitization opens a new horizon that overcomes the funding barriers of microfinance through which the top tier Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) can accumulate funds to enlarge their portfolio without issuing any debt or equity. This paper is a desk study that synthesizes how securitization can be used in the funding of the MFI portfolio and what are the benefits and risks associated with securitization of microfinance portfolio. As a case study, we use the two examples of cross-border securitizations in the microfinance industry to diagnose the role of securitization in microfinance.

Peter Oakley et al. Projects with People: The Practice of Participation in Rural Development. Geneva: International Labour Office. 1991. xv+294 pp.Price: Swiss Francs 32.50.

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-212
Author(s):  
Mir Annice Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Poor People ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Plausible Answer ◽  
Earning Ability

Round about the mid-1970s it came to be realised that the fruits of development were not being distributed widely. In fact, in a growing number of instances, the benefits of development were being limited to the elites in the developing countries - the vast majority of the population was being side-stepped. As a consequence of this happening, questions began to be raised: Why had such a situation developed? One possible and quite plausible answer was that the development process had ignored people's participation. This, then, became the keyword. Two strands of thinking developed from the use of this word: the first highlighted the inclusion of human resources in the process of development; the second was more political in nature because poor people have very little say in the matters that influence their earning ability. To surmount this situation requires a structural change by which the poor can be directly included in the development process, so that they will gain some control over the resources, which would then enable them to have a higher standard of living.

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