Policy Reform in Africa: How Effective?

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Carol Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Special Session ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
Explicit Recognition ◽  
Policy Failures

The United Nations Special Session on the Critical Ecnomic Situation in Africa concluded in June 1986 with the Adoption of a Programme of Action which included an explicit recognition of African policy failures and the need for reform:The endogenous aggravating factors include deficiencies in institutional and physical infrastructures, economic strategies and policies that have fallen short, in some cases, of achieving their objectives, disparities in urban and rural development and income distribution, insufficient managerial/administrative capacities, inadequate human resource development and lack of financial resources...Urgent, far reaching and imaginative economic policies are required to avert further deterioration in the economic conditions in Africa...

Funding the African-Development Multiplier

1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
Sayre P. Schatz
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
External Financing ◽  
African Development ◽  
Explicit Recognition ◽  
Northern Side ◽  
The United Nations

There is broad international agreement on Africa's need for enhanced external financing. The United Nations unanimously adopted an unprecedented Programme of Action for African Economic Recovery and Development in 1986, which entailed, on the African side, explicit recognition of significant responsibility for poor economic performance and of the need for policy reform, and on the Northern side, an acceptance of responsibility for greater funding.

Ghana: Part 2

2020 ◽  
pp. 179-211
Author(s):  
Robert L. Tignor
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Development Plan ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Mixed Economy ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Economic Adviser

This chapter looks at how W. Arthur Lewis left Ghana as a member of the Ghanaian delegation to the all-African conference meeting in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. He did not return. In Addis, he announced his intention to take up a new post at the United Nations. He did not, however, sever his ties with Ghana, and he was to return briefly in 1963 to offer advice on the Seven-Year Development Plan. Because he had not had time to train a replacement, his departure left the Ghanaians without a fulltime economic adviser. The responsibility for drafting the budget and overseeing the five-year plan devolved on a variety of outside consultants and Ghanaian ministers themselves. At first Ghana drifted in the direction of more state controls over the economy and greater suspicion of the free market; but by 1960 and 1961 the drift had become a full-scale push as the state began to replace the Lewis programs that had featured a mixed economy with ones that looked exclusively to the state. The early pressures to scrap the Lewis economic policies and move to the left came as much in response to problems that had haunted the Ghanaian economy throughout the late 1950s as to ideology, notably trade and budgetary deficits.

Art.4 General Obligations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Broderick Andrea
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The United Nations

This chapter examines Article 4 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). The article sets out the general obligations under the CRPD with a view to encouraging national legal and policy reform and guiding domestic implementation of the Convention. The content of Article 4 is of cross-cutting application, since it contains overarching principles that permeate the text of the Convention as a whole. The obligations contained in the article thus seek to contextualize the interpretation of the substantive provisions of the Convention. Article 4 enumerates both general obligations and specific obligations. This distinguishes it from similar provisions in other human rights treaties, which are more in the nature of general obligations of compliance.

13 Enforcement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Thomas K
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
General Public ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Competition Law Enforcement ◽  
The Government ◽  
Judicial Expertise ◽  
Policy Failures

This chapter explores the myriad difficulties and obstacles for competition law enforcement in developing countries and suggests possible solutions to some of these difficulties. Competition culture is generally lacking in developing countries. In addition, developing country authorities often face a particularly challenging enforcement environment due to past policy failures by the government, especially in the context of privatization. Another major external impediment to effective competition law enforcement is the lack of political will on the part of the government to enforce the law. The chapter also looks at the lack of authority independence, financial resources, enforcement powers, availability of data, and judicial expertise. Institutional design can have a bearing on setting of enforcement priorities. Poor institutional design may take flexibility away from the authority and make it impossible for the authority to set enforcement priorities. Apart from enforcement, however, another very important part of an authority’s work is advocacy. It is through advocacy with the general public that the authority can hope to build a competition culture. Meanwhile, it is through advocacy with the government that the authority can ensure government policies do not create intractable competition problems that are beyond the capability of the authority to solve. The chapter then considers the benefits and limitations of a regional approach to competition law enforcement. Enforcement and procedure

Limits and Status of the Territorial Sea, Exclusive Fishing Zones, Fishery Conservation Zones and the Continental Shelf

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1255-1287
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Explicit Recognition ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Conservation Zones ◽  
Official Declaration

The information contained in this publication is taken from official or other reliable sources. It does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Pood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory or sea area, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers. Nor must it he construed as an official declaration by any government of its claim over any sea area or as constituting an implied or explicit recognition by any government of the claim of any other government over any such sea area.

scholarly journals Energy Factor of Coal Mining Region Sustainable Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 04036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriy Kopein ◽  
Elena Filimonova ◽  
Irina Kudryashova ◽  
Ksenia Demidenko
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Energy Factor ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Negative Factors

Economic sanctions as well as geopolitical situation have set new challenges for Russia. They reflect the necessity of creating an economy that is resistant to both the impact of external, often negative factors, and the need to reformat domestic economic policies. The article deals with the features of the interconnection of the industrial region energy sector and the sustainability of its development. It emphasizes the fact that in the context of an economic crisis the adaptation of regions to new economic conditions is actively influenced by internal factors. The fuel and energy complex is becoming one of the leading domestic resources as well as a catalyst for the related industries. It is noted that unsustainable processes of activating internal regional resources (energy, finance, etc.) hinder achieving sustainable development of the economy.

Congressional Midterm Forecasts: A Trump Economic Difference?

The Forum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Tien ◽  
Michael S. Lewis-Beck
Keyword(s):  
Republican Party ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Congressional Elections ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Economic Policies

Abstract Among certain politicians, pundits and people, the expectation was that President Trump would make an economic difference in the 2018 congressional elections. In particular, the belief was that his economic appeal, coupled with his economic policies, would favor Republican candidates. However, an application of the classic referendum model for forecasting congressional outcomes shows no detectable Trump economic effect. That is, the economic conditions prevailing prior to the election, measured in multiple ways, worked as usual, helping to predict the actual Republican 40 seat loss rather closely. Put another way, any incumbent administration, faced with this set of numbers, would likely have experienced the same outcome. In sum, the Trump presence, in its economic manifestations, did not positively impact the Republican party fortune at midterm time.

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