New Labour's Community of Rights: Welfare, Immigration and Asylum

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
LYDIA MORRIS
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Conditional Approach ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
Immigration And Asylum ◽  
And Control

This article shows how a conditional approach to rights dominates New Labour's perspective, not only in the delivery of welfare for full citizens but also in relation to immigration, where rights are a privilege to be earned by meeting labour market needs. This approach does not readily address the position of asylum seekers, who are claiming an absolute right of protection, but an erosion of entitlement during status determination has been used as a means of deterrence and control. The article applies a civic stratification perspective to these developments, as a means of bringing together the operation of rights with the practice of governance, and highlighting the ethical issues at play.

scholarly journals Labour Market Access for Asylum Seekers and Refugees under the Common European Asylum System

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Weber
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Common European Asylum System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Market Needs

The paper identifies a policy inconsistency between the eu’s asylum and the eu’s labour migration policies and makes a call for stronger convergence. The analysis starts off by setting out the eu’s current and future economic challenges with a view to its ageing population and low fertility rates, which displays the eu’s need for migrants. Two trends can be observed: The lacking success of Europe’s highly-skilled regime, i.e. the Blue Card scheme, casts doubts on the suitability of the eu’s labour migration policy and its ability to meet the eu’s labour market’s needs this way. Labour market access for people that come to the eu to seek asylum on the other hand is subject to quite a number of restrictions. The lack of coordination seems short-sighted. In an attempt to advocate for stronger coherence the paper sets out the rights to access the eu labour market of those who come to the eu as asylum seekers in detail and explores reform potential where these rights can be expanded consistent with the eu’s labour market needs. It looks at eu law in general and refers to Germany as an implementation example.

scholarly journals Universal Skills Framework for Migrants, Asylum Seekers and Refugees – A Mapping on the Required Skills While Entering the European Labour Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Maria Tountopoulou ◽  
Fotini Vlachaki ◽  
Maria-Eirini Triantafillopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
Migrant Groups ◽  
Asylum Seekers And Refugees

Migration flows are steadily increasing worldwide. Especially in Europe, the percentage of immigrants from third countries generally ranges from 9% to 17%. As one of the main factors that plays an important role in the overall integration of migrant groups in host countries is their ability to work, there is an emerging need for effective policies and mechanisms to identify and certify skills and qualifications of migrants, asylum seekers and refugees in order to enable them to integrate effectively into the labor market.Many existing skills frameworks at European and international level emphasize the importance of cognitive skills as well as non-cognitive skills, attitudes and also the crucial role of personality traits that determine the success and employability of the workforce. A framework for universal skills is proposed based on a thorough literature review of the existing international frameworks and of the skills and competencies required to integrate into the labor market. In addition, a field survey with a structured questionnaire was conducted with both employers and migrant groups, to capture the views of both on the selected skills included in the framework and to confirm the extent to which those skills are considered important towards the labor market integration of migrant groups in the host countries.The results of the research highlighted on one hand the importance of hard skills required to perform a task and on the other hand the soft skills that are of particular importance regardless of the profession. Moreover, a high majority of both groups stated that skills profiling and online assessment tools that matches skills with labour market needs would be valuable in recruiting procedures.

Research Participation Experiences of Informants of Suicide and Control Cases

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. C. Wong ◽  
Wincy S. C. Chan ◽  
Philip S. L. Beh ◽  
Fiona W. S. Yau ◽  
Paul S. F. Yip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
The People ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background: Ethical issues have been raised about using the psychological autopsy approach in the study of suicide. The impact on informants of control cases who participated in case-control psychological autopsy studies has not been investigated. Aims: (1) To investigate whether informants of suicide cases recruited by two approaches (coroners’ court and public mortuaries) respond differently to the initial contact by the research team. (2) To explore the reactions, reasons for participation, and comments of both the informants of suicide and control cases to psychological autopsy interviews. (3) To investigate the impact of the interviews on informants of suicide cases about a month after the interviews. Methods: A self-report questionnaire was used for the informants of both suicide and control cases. Telephone follow-up interviews were conducted with the informants of suicide cases. Results: The majority of the informants of suicide cases, regardless of the initial route of contact, as well as the control cases were positive about being approached to take part in the study. A minority of informants of suicide and control cases found the experience of talking about their family member to be more upsetting than expected. The telephone follow-up interviews showed that none of the informants of suicide cases reported being distressed by the psychological autopsy interviews. Limitations: The acceptance rate for our original psychological autopsy study was modest. Conclusions: The findings of this study are useful for future participants and researchers in measuring the potential benefits and risks of participating in similar sensitive research. Psychological autopsy interviews may be utilized as an active engagement approach to reach out to the people bereaved by suicide, especially in places where the postvention work is underdeveloped.

Patents, Governance and Control: Ethics and the Patentability of Novel Beings and Advanced Biotechnologies in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-542
Author(s):  
Aisling McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
European Patent ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Patent Holder ◽  
Patented Invention ◽  
Patent Grant ◽  
And Control

AbstractThis article focuses primarily on to what extent novel beings, and particularly, beings which display something akin to human consciousness or agency would be (or should be) patentable under current European patent law. Patents grant the patent holder a right to exclude others from using the patented invention for the period of patent grant (usually 20 years). This allows the patent holder to control how that invention can or cannot be used by others downstream, granting patent holders a governance like function over the patented technology for the duration of the patent. Accordingly, the potential for patentability of novel beings gives rise to a myriad of ethical issues including: to what extent is it appropriate for patent holders to retain and exercise patents over “novel beings”; how issues of “agency” displayed by any “novel beings” would fit within the current patent framework, if at all; and to what extent existing exclusions from patentability might exclude patents on “novel beings” or whether changes within patent law may be needed if patents in relation to “novel beings” are deemed ethically problematic. This article focuses on such issues, and in doing so, also sheds light on the role of ethical issues within the patenting of advanced biotechnologies more generally.

Britain’s authoritarian turn

Race & Class ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 030639682198918
Author(s):  
Frances Webber
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Legal Accountability ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Overseas Operations ◽  
Immigration And Asylum ◽  
Looking Back

Looking back, in December 2020, at the year since Boris Johnson’s Conservatives were swept back into government with a huge majority, the author identifies a raft of new laws, Home Office measures and government proposals in the fields of policing, crime, and immigration and asylum which embody long-held rightwing projects. Coming on top of already discriminatory practices, these include restrictions on the fundamental right of peaceful protest and freedom from invasive and racist policing, the subjection of migrants and asylum seekers to dangerous and inhumane conditions and the removal of legal protections for asylum seekers. Simultaneously, Bills going through parliament restrict or remove altogether the legal accountability of state actors, including soldiers on overseas operations and police informants, for crimes including torture and murder. Citizens’ recourse to the courts to challenge unlawful ministerial decisions is also under threat.

Ensuring social guarantees and human rights for the implementation of the labour legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 315-335
Author(s):  
Anarkhan R. Kuttygalieva ◽  
Yermek A. Buribayev ◽  
Bakhytkali M. Koshpenbetov ◽  
Gakku N. Rakhimova ◽  
Zhanna A. Khamzina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Collective Agreements ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Labour Legislation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Labour Regulation

The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that in order to improve the legislation of the country, it is necessary to study the successful experience of other countries. The purpose of the study is to propose a number of measures that will help improve labour legislation in Kazakhstan. The work uses primarily the analytical method. It is determined by the fact that apart from statutory labour protection rules, some safety standards are contained in collective agreements that speci-fy and sometimes supplement relevant legislative provisions. The paper states the fact that it is necessary to factor in world experience in organizing and operating a system of supervision and control over compliance with labour legislation for the Republic of Kazakhstan. The novelty of the study is that with a study of the legislation on labour regulation in Western countries, the authors identify a number of measures that will be relevant for implementation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The practical significance of the study is determined by the incompatibility of iso-lation from the outside world, including from the international labour market with objectives of development.

scholarly journals The Integrated Project for the Redevelopment of a Historic Building

2020 ◽  
pp. 261-282
Author(s):  
Liala Baiardi ◽  
Emerson A. M. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
And Control ◽  
Building Project

In a scenario influenced by innovation and new technologies such as the internet of things (IoT) that have projected us towards industry 4.0, the digital revolution has involved the construction sector and the entire building process. This research activity aims to deepen the tools at the base of the design and management processes to an effective development and respect for the environment. The text will illustrate the example of redevelopment of an existing building in response to new market needs and in line with the circular economy vision. The redevelopment foresees the integrated development of the architectural building project and the management of the building during his entire life cycle. The innovation authors intend to achieve aims to combine building automation with the quality of life through management techniques that exploit the best use of space and control of the eco-system of the building and the services provided.

scholarly journals The Electronic Health Insurance Card for Asylum-Seekers in Berlin: Effects on the Local Health System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Gottlieb ◽  
Vanessa Ohm ◽  
Miriam Knörnschild
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Inpatient Care ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Barriers To Healthcare ◽  
Insurance Card ◽  
Local Health System ◽  
And Control

Background: In debates on asylum-seekers’ access to healthcare it is frequently claimed that restrictions are necessary to prevent unduly high health service utilization and costs. Within Germany, healthcare provision for asylum-seekers varies across the different states. Berlin’s authorities removed some barriers to healthcare for asylum-seekers by introducing an electronic health insurance card (HIC) in 2016. We used the HIC introduction in Berlin as an opportunity to investigate the effects of improved healthcare access for asylum-seekers on the local health system. Methods: The study applied a mixed-methods design. A cost analysis compared expenses for outpatient and inpatient health services for asylum-seekers before and after the HIC introduction, based on aggregate claims data and information on expenses for humanitarian healthcare provision that were retrieved from the Berlin authorities. Semi-structured interviews with 12 key informants explored organizational effects like administrative workloads and ethical dilemmas for staff. We performed a content analysis and used respondent validation to enhance the accuracy and trustworthiness of our results. Results: The HIC has reduced bureaucratic complexity and administrative workloads; it has enabled unprecedented financial transparency and control; and it has mitigated ethical tensions. All the while, average per person expenses for outpatient health services have declined since the HIC introduction. However, our cost analysis also indicates a rise in the utilization and costs of inpatient care. Conclusion: The HIC introduction in Berlin suggests that the removal of barriers to healthcare for asylum-seekers can create win-win-situations by reducing administrative workloads, advancing financial transparency, and mitigating ethical tensions, whilst cutting the costs of outpatient healthcare provision. Removing barriers to healthcare thus appears to be a more prudent policy choice than maintaining mechanisms of restriction and control. However, high inpatient care utilization and costs warrant further research.

scholarly journals IN THE SPIRIT OF FLEXIBILITY": an overview of Renzi’s reforms (the so-called jobs act) to ‘improve’ the italian labour market

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
Maria Tereza Carinci
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Employment Contract ◽  
Control Power ◽  
Contract Structure ◽  
And Control ◽  
Jobs Act

1. The new "indefinite contract with increasing protection" (contratto di lavoro a tempo indeterminato a tutele crescenti): a captivating formula conceals pejorative rules on dismissal in indefinite contracts. – 2. Reduced protection for dismissal and effects on the employment contract structure: the employer's strengthened power (of withdrawal and disciplinary) and the resulting employee interest squeeze. 3. Indefinite contracts and the employer's strengthened powers in performing the employment: ius variandi and control power. 4. A new central position for indefinite contracts within the 'flexible' contract framework? 5. "In the spirit of flexibility": a solution for which problems?

Sensitivity and Correlation Analysis and Implications in Scalable Product Family Design for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhila Pirmoradi ◽  
G. Gary Wang
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Product Family ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Product Family Design ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
And Control

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) bear great promises for increasing fuel economy and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions by the use of advanced battery technologies and green energy resources. The design of a PHEV highly depends on several factors such as the selected powertrain configuration, control strategy, sizes of drivetrain components, expected range for propulsion purely by electric energy, known as AER, and the assumed driving conditions. Accordingly, design of PHEV powertrains for diverse customer segments requires thorough consideration of the market needs and the specific performance expectations of each segment. From the manufacturing perspective, these parameters provide the opportunity of mass customization because of the high degree of freedom, especially when the component sizes and control parameters are simultaneously assessed. Based on a nonconventional sensitivity and correlation analysis performed on a simulation model for power-split PHEVs in this study, the product family design (PFD) concept and its implications will be investigated, and limitations of PFD for such a complex product along with directions for efficient family design of PHEVs will be discussed.

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