Holy land, holy language: A study of an Ultraorthodox Jewish ideology

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Glinert ◽  
Yosseph Shilhav
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Cultural Geography ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Sociology Of Language ◽  
Sacred Land ◽  
Land Of Israel

ABSTRACTThis study explores the correlation between notions of language and territory in the ideology of a present-day Ultraorthodox Jewish group, the Hasidim of Satmar, in the context of Jewish Ultraorthodoxy (Haredism) in general. This involves the present-day role of Yiddish vis-à-vis Hebrew, particularly in Israel. We first address the relative sanctity of a space that accommodates a closed Haredi lifestyle and of a language in which it is expressed, then contrast this with the absolute sanctity of the land of Israel and the language of Scripture both in their intensional (positive) and in their extensional (negative) dimensions, and finally examine the quasi-absolute sanctity with which the Yiddish language and Jewish habitat of Eastern Europe have been invested. Our conclusion is that three such cases of a parallel between linguistic and territorial ideology point to an intrinsic link. Indeed, the correlation of language and territory on the plane of quasi-absolute sanctity betokens an ongoing, active ideological tie, rather than a set of worn, petrified values evoking mere lip-service. These notions of quasi-sanctity find many echoes in reality: in the use of Yiddish and in the creation of a surrogate Eastern European lifestyle in the Haredi “ghettos.” (Cultural geography, sociolinguistics, Judaism, Hasidism, religion, Israel, sociology of language, Yiddish, sacred land, Hebrew, territory)

The ‘Yidishe Paganini’: Sholem Aleichem's Stempenyu, the Music of Yiddish Theatre and the Character of the Shtetl Fiddler

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Walden
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Character Type ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Jewish Immigrants

ABSTRACTThis article explores the music of Yiddish theatre in early twentieth-century New York by considering multiple adaptations of Russian Jewish author Sholem Aleichem's 1888 novel Stempenyu, about a klezmer violinist, which was transformed into two theatrical productions in 1907 and 1929, and finally inspired a three-movement recital work for accompanied violin by Joseph Achron. The multiple versions of Stempenyu present the eponymous musician as an allegory for the ambivalent role of the shtetl – the predominantly Jewish small town of Eastern Europe – in defining diasporic Jewish life in Europe and America, and as a medium for the sonic representation of shtetl culture as it was reformulated in the memories of the first generations of Jewish immigrants. The variations in the evocations of Eastern European klezmer in these renderings of Stempenyu indicate complex changes in the ways Jewish immigrants and their children conceived of their connection to Eastern Europe over four decades. The paper concludes by viewing changes in the symbolic character type of the shtetl fiddler in its most famous and recent manifestation, in the stage and screen musical Fiddler on the Roof.

Vaccination and the communist state: polio in Eastern Europe

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora Vargha
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
The West ◽  
Communist State ◽  
East And West ◽  
The Cold War

Through the case of Czechoslovakia and Hungary, this chapter explores the role of Eastern European states in polio prevention and vaccine development in the Cold War. Based on published sources and archival research, the chapter demonstrates that polio facilitated cooperation between the antagonistic sides to prevent a disease that equally affected East and West. Moreover, it argues that Eastern Europe was seen – both by Eastern European states and the West - as different when it came to polio prevention, since the communist states were considered to be particularly well suited to test and successfully implement vaccines.

Boris Pavlovich Mansurov and the organization of the Russian presence in Holy Places (1857–1864)

2021 ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
Andrey N. Allenov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Insufficient Attention ◽  
Holy Places ◽  
Policy Program ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Comprehensive Study

We analyze the circumstances of the creation of Russian Palestine, a unique phenomenon of Russian history and culture. The role of one of the main ideologists of the Russian presence in the Holy Land, B.P. Mansurov is shown. The relevance of the work is determined by a comprehensive study of the activities of state structures in organizing Russian pilgrims in the Orthodox East, recreating the stages of work on the Jerusalem project. The lack of research of the first stage of the development of Russian Palestine, insufficient attention to the issue, give the work a histori-ographic novelty. It is shown that the concept of presence in the region appeared in the Naval Ministry under the leadership of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich. Attention is drawn to the contribution of B.P. Mansurov in justification and development of the program for the arrangement of Russian infrastructure in Jerusalem, the business of purchasing land and the construction of the Russian Compound. It is substantiated that the proposed by B.P. Mansurov, the project played the role of an important foreign policy program of Russia in the Orthodox East after the end of the Crimean War. It is revealed that the creation of the Russian pilgrimage and church infrastructure in the Holy Land opened a new stage in the development of the Russian presence in the region, strengthened the existing cultural and diplomatic ties between Russia and Palestine.

A Bag for All Systems: Historicizing Shopping Bags in Eastern European Consumer Culture, 1980–2000

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200942110578
Author(s):  
Leah Valtin-Erwin
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
European Consumer ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Amidst widespread shortages in the 1980s, consumers in late communist-era Eastern Europe strategically carried shopping bags with them everywhere in case an opportunity to pick up scarce goods arose. After 1989, the routine use of reusable string shopping bags declined in favor of single-use plastic bags provided in supermarkets. Over time, however, string bags were widely reconstituted as a popular nostalgic commodity. This paralleled, in reverse, the trajectory of plastic bags, especially those bearing Western branding, which had been desired but scarce commodities in the 1980s before postcommunist reforms rendered them ubiquitous. In this article, I argue that the shopping bag’s function as both an instrument of consumption and a potential commodity in and of itself helps us better historicize how late communist shortage, the rupture of 1989, and the ensuing period of change transformed the perception and memory of the role of material objects in late twentieth-century Eastern Europe. To ascertain how their embedded meaning and social function has been constantly repurposed, I analyze representations of shopping bags in print and media culture from the 1980s and 1990s as well as nostalgic sources created more recently, alongside anecdotes and recollections in academic and commercial texts.

The Changing Role of Marketing in the Eastern European Socialist Economies

1971 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Peter Lauter
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Planned Economy ◽  
Changing Role

The socialist nations of Eastern Europe are moving toward more market-oriented economies. Problems have arisen because of unfamiliarity with marketing concepts and the conflict of some concepts with established socialist ideology. This article examines problems of introducing marketing into a planned economy and concentrates on the experience of Hungary.

scholarly journals SOCIAL MEDIA USE AMONG RESEARCHERS FROM EASTERN EUROPE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Zimba ◽  
◽  
Yaroslav Pavlovskyy ◽  
Oleh Danylyak ◽  
Nataliia Humenetska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Plum Analytics

Social media platforms are essential for online scholarly activities in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Their use is critical in countries of non-mainstream science. This study aimed to evaluate the role of social media in scholarly activities in Eastern Europe. We collected responses from 127 scholars from Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania, and other Eastern European countries. They mainly reported spending 1-2 hours on social media activities. ResearchGate, Facebook, and LinkedIn were the most popular channels for post-publication article promotion. Only 17.3% of respondents were familiar with metrics generated by Altmetric.com and Plum Analytics. Increasing awareness of the role of social media platforms and metrics for scholarly purposes requires more attention in Eastern Europe

scholarly journals The role of ethnopolitical processes in the states of the Eastern European subregion

2022 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-216
Author(s):  
Magdalena Karolak-Michalska
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Republic Of Moldova

The article deals with issues related to contemporary ethnopolitical processes (ethnicity politicisation, ethnopolitical mobilisation of national and ethnic minorities) in the states of the Eastern Europe subregion (Republic of Belarus, Republic of Moldova, Ukraine). It presents social and political activity and participation of national and ethnic minorities in authority bodies of the studied states, as well as the consequences of these processes for the security of the subregion.

Leninist beneficiaries? Pre-1989 legacies and the radical right in post-1989 Central and Eastern Europe. Some introductory observations

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Minkenberg
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Contemporary Politics ◽  
Key Concepts

A central topos in the study of Central and Eastern European contemporary politics in general, and of its radical right politics in particular is the emphasis on the extraordinary relevance of history and geography. In fact, the entire transformation process after 1989 is often clothed in terms of historical and geographical categories, either as a “return of history” or a “return to Europe”, or both. In these various scenarios, the radical right claims a prominent place in this politics of return, and the study of this current echoes the more general concern, in the analyses of the region, with historical analogies and the role of legacies. Sometimes analogies are drawn between the post-1989 radical right and interwar fascism, in terms of a “Weimarization” of the transformation countries and the return of the pre-socialist, ultranationalist or even fascist past e the “return of history”. Others argue that since some Central and Eastern European party systems increasingly resemble their Western European counterparts, so does the radical right, at least where it is electorally successful e the “return to Europe”. According to yet another line of thought, the radical right in the region is a phenomenon sui generis, inherently shaped by the historical forces of state socialism and the transformation process and, as a result and in contrast to Western Europe, ideologically more extreme and anti-democratic while organizationally more a movement than a party phenomenon. In all these approaches, the key concepts of “legacies” and the radical right are often underspecified. This volume takes a closer look at the intersection of history or particular legacies, and the mobilization of the radical right in the post-1989 world of the region, while attempting to provide a sharper focus on key concepts. Regardless of the different approaches, all contributions show that with the radical right, a peculiar “syncretic construct” (Tismaneanu) has emerged in Central and Eastern Europe after 1989, which is derived from both pre-communist and communist legacies.

Philosophical Foundations for Establishing Scientific Humanism as Naturalism

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Keyword(s):  
Societal Change ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Forms Of Life

In this chapter, the author presents the Marx-Hegel dialogue, a retracing of Hegel's system of philosophy and Marx's criticism of the absolute notion of Hegel's system of philosophy. Of particular importance is the emphasis placed on the nature of historical reality and the essence of alienation which arises in humans during periods of societal change. In this chapter, attention is drawn to the important role of philosophy in guiding the society to rethink the ontological and anthropological importance of human beings and the creation of new forms of life with a unique non-biological ontological basis.

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