Boris Pavlovich Mansurov and the organization of the Russian presence in Holy Places (1857–1864)

2021 ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
Andrey N. Allenov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Insufficient Attention ◽  
Holy Places ◽  
Policy Program ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Comprehensive Study

We analyze the circumstances of the creation of Russian Palestine, a unique phenomenon of Russian history and culture. The role of one of the main ideologists of the Russian presence in the Holy Land, B.P. Mansurov is shown. The relevance of the work is determined by a comprehensive study of the activities of state structures in organizing Russian pilgrims in the Orthodox East, recreating the stages of work on the Jerusalem project. The lack of research of the first stage of the development of Russian Palestine, insufficient attention to the issue, give the work a histori-ographic novelty. It is shown that the concept of presence in the region appeared in the Naval Ministry under the leadership of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich. Attention is drawn to the contribution of B.P. Mansurov in justification and development of the program for the arrangement of Russian infrastructure in Jerusalem, the business of purchasing land and the construction of the Russian Compound. It is substantiated that the proposed by B.P. Mansurov, the project played the role of an important foreign policy program of Russia in the Orthodox East after the end of the Crimean War. It is revealed that the creation of the Russian pilgrimage and church infrastructure in the Holy Land opened a new stage in the development of the Russian presence in the region, strengthened the existing cultural and diplomatic ties between Russia and Palestine.

The organization of the Russian pilgrimage to the Holy Land (1858-1889)

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
Ruslan M. Zhitin
Keyword(s):  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
East Region ◽  
Holy Places ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Middle East Region ◽  
Comprehensive Study

We analyze the specifics of the organization of Russian pilgrims transportation to Palestine, the activity of the Russian Society of Shipping and Trade in the organization of pilgrims delivery is evaluated, the effectiveness of the created passenger departure system is analyzed. The relevance of the study consists in a comprehensive study of the Russian Society of Shipping and Trade activities in the arrangement of pilgrimage routes, the role of the created transport infrastructure in the formation of the Russian presence in the Orthodox East. The novelty of the work is determined by the study of interdepartmental cooperation of secular structures in the arrangement of Russian Palestine, the introduction of new sources from the B.P. Mansurov’s fund (SATR. F. 972) into the scientific circulation. It is shown that the inclusion of the Russian Society of Shipping and Trade in the Palestinian project made it possible to find acceptable solutions for transporting a huge number of Russian pilgrims. For the first time in the history of Russia, a centralized departure of pilgrims to Palestine was organized, and conditions were created for their reception and placement in the Holy Places. We pay attention to the fact that the Russian Society of Shipping and Trade leadership was to not only facilitate the pilgrims transportation, but also take on part of the costs of organizing the Jerusalem consulate, while combining the posts of consul and chief agent of the Society in one person. We reveal that the infrastructure creation for the reception and accommodation of pilgrims in Palestine opened a new stage in the development of the Russian presence in the Holy Land, strengthened the cultural and religious ties of Russia and the Middle East region.

Holy land, holy language: A study of an Ultraorthodox Jewish ideology

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Glinert ◽  
Yosseph Shilhav
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Cultural Geography ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Sociology Of Language ◽  
Sacred Land ◽  
Land Of Israel

ABSTRACTThis study explores the correlation between notions of language and territory in the ideology of a present-day Ultraorthodox Jewish group, the Hasidim of Satmar, in the context of Jewish Ultraorthodoxy (Haredism) in general. This involves the present-day role of Yiddish vis-à-vis Hebrew, particularly in Israel. We first address the relative sanctity of a space that accommodates a closed Haredi lifestyle and of a language in which it is expressed, then contrast this with the absolute sanctity of the land of Israel and the language of Scripture both in their intensional (positive) and in their extensional (negative) dimensions, and finally examine the quasi-absolute sanctity with which the Yiddish language and Jewish habitat of Eastern Europe have been invested. Our conclusion is that three such cases of a parallel between linguistic and territorial ideology point to an intrinsic link. Indeed, the correlation of language and territory on the plane of quasi-absolute sanctity betokens an ongoing, active ideological tie, rather than a set of worn, petrified values evoking mere lip-service. These notions of quasi-sanctity find many echoes in reality: in the use of Yiddish and in the creation of a surrogate Eastern European lifestyle in the Haredi “ghettos.” (Cultural geography, sociolinguistics, Judaism, Hasidism, religion, Israel, sociology of language, Yiddish, sacred land, Hebrew, territory)

scholarly journals Trumpism and the European Far Right: An Analysis of Trumpism’s Impact on the Post-2016 AfD, Lega Nord, and Fidesz

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-84
Author(s):  
Dawid Aristotelis Fusiek ◽  
Cecilia Marconi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Far Right ◽  
European Context ◽  
Lega Nord ◽  
Alternative Für Deutschland ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship

The paper aims at investigating the relationship between Trumpism and the European far-right parties. The combination of shared ideological cores with the confrontation of similar “enemies” has resulted in the creation of an unprecedented relationship, wherein Trump takes the role of “international godfather” and inspiration for the European far right. To examine this relation, the paper focuses on references to Donald Trump and his policies and statements from 2016 to 2020 in the discourse of Alternative für Deutschland (AfD), Hungarian Civilian Alliance (Fidesz), and Lega Nord (Lega). The examination of the discourse of the three parties about security, immigration, foreign policy, and corruption shows that these parties have utilised Trumpism in three manners. Firstly, they have employed Trumpism to normalise certain pre-existing far-right ideologies and practices within their national and European context. Secondly, they have emulated Trump’s discourse and policies to capitalise on his popularity and support their national endeavours. Thirdly, they have used Trump’s fight and ideas to justify national measures, beliefs, criticism, or political goals. This paper thus aims to establish the leitmotifs governing the use of Trumpism by European far right to set the framework for future more critical analyses and a better understanding of this unprecedented relationship.

Role of People in the Future Global Order

1978 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chadwick F. Alger
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Third World ◽  
Global Order ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Creation ◽  
National Governments

Proposals for change in the present international order, particularly in the context of the increasing desire for self-reliance and fulfillment of needs in Third World communities, require creative thought about the role of people in the future global order. Perception of the world as a system of nation-states and traditional nonparticipation of the public in foreign-policy making by national governments inhibits the creation of a future in which people can fulfill their needs in self-reliant communities. Evidence suggests that lack of confidence in their national governments is inhibiting people in industrialized countries from responding to the needs of Third World people. At the same time, it is doubtful that Third World governments can satisfy the needs of people without wider participation of the people in governmental foreign-policy making. The future needs of people in both Third World and industrialized communities will only be served by the creation of symmetrical and responsive relationships between local communities in all parts of the world.

scholarly journals Eurasian Aerospace Defense: the Role of Strategic Nonnuclear Arms

2013 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
A. I. Podberezkin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Great Probability ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
The Creation

The article analyses the problem of non nuclear high precision conventional arms acquiring offensive and defensive functions. The author claims that by 2020 all strategic objects in Russian will be targeted by aerospace defense systems and there’s great probability that they might be destroyed by the first disarming strike of a potential adversary. The new stage of the scientific revolution having produced new high precision weapons has resulted not only in significant rearrangement of global political layout but also in radical changes in war strategy and has transformed the meaning of military power as a foreign policy tool. Once again it started to be used in minor and major conflicts and wars. The creation of the Eurasian Aerospace Defense depends on success of Eurasian integration processes in military sphere. The author believes that the second decade of XXI century might see a surprise major attack with strategic nonnuclear arms.

First Congress of Soviets of the Don Soviet Republic in the Context of the All-Russian Domestic and Foreign Policy Program

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Viktor R. Sakhranov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
National Level ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
Soviet Republic ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Policy Program ◽  
Important Constituent

The article is devoted to the process of sovietization of the Don region in 1917-1918 as an integral part of the socio-political processes that took place in Russia at that time, namely, the place and role of the First Congress of Soviets of the Don Soviet Republic on April 9-14, 1918 in the context of the all-Russian domestic and foreign policy program. The article describes in detail the mutual influence of processes that took place at the national and regional levels. The purpose of the article is to review and analyze the most important constituent event in the sovietization of the Don region, which is of high significance in the conditions of the Civil war and military intervention by Germany. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the consideration of regional events in an integral connection with the processes that took place at the national level. The study puts forward questions such as the place and role of national measures and events in the preparation and holding of First Congress of Soviets of the Don region, the effect of the danger of German invasion into the territory of the Don Soviet Republic, the relation of the Don to the leadership of the Brest peace Treaty and others. As a result of the research, it was possible to conclude that the fact of holding First Congress of Soviets of the Don Soviet Republic met the goals of the all-Russian foreign and domestic policy.

MUSEUM THEMATICS IN THE LETTERS OF M. SIKORSKY IN THE 70`S OF THE XX TH - AT THE BEGINNING OF XXI CENT. (ON THE BASIS OF THE STOCK COLLECTION OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL AND ETHNOGRAHIC RESERVE «PEREYASLAV»)

2019 ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Tetiana Hrudevich
Keyword(s):  
International Community ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Scientific Achievements ◽  
Comprehensive Study

According to this article, there is an analysis of museum thematics in the letters of M. Sikorsky in the 70's. of the XX th – at the beginning of XXI cent. (on the basis of the stock collection of the National Historical and Ethnographic Reserve "Pereyaslav"). There are comparative and historical-chronological methods used here, that allowed to make a comprehensive study of important scientific issues were applied. The main purpose of the study is to cover the formation of museums in correspondence with M. Sikorsky with figures of culture and art, scholars, museum workers and educators in the second half of the twentieth centur - at the beginning of the XXI th century, and the important role of the museum ascetic in the creation and development of new museums. In particular, the focus is on the creation of museums "Classics of Jewish Literature of Sholom Aleichem", "Museum of peaceful exploration of space", "Museum of Science and Technique", and letters that M. Sikorsky wrote and received. A certain number of letters from the personal archive of M. I. Sikorsky related to the history of the creation and activity of the museum complex in Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky, in the funds of the National Historical and Ethnographic Reserve "Pereyaslav", were discovered. Also there some data on the pages of his life, public, professional path are revealed, and his contribution to the development of the museum business in Pereyaslavl region are described. It is shown that M. Sikorsky belongs to the number of prominent figures of Ukrainian culture and museum affairs, and international community are interested in his personality and significant museum and scientific achievements. This interest in the personality of M. Sikorsky and his significant achievements in the field of ethnicity preservation is widely and clearly reflected in his correspondence with foreigners and foreign museum institutions and foreign scientists and intellectuals.

“Mansurov project” of the Russian Palestine (based on materials from a trip in 1857 to Holy Places)

2019 ◽  
pp. 292-298
Author(s):  
Andrey Allenov
Keyword(s):  
The Black Sea ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Holy Places ◽  
History Of

We consider the activity of B.P. Mansurov in organizing Russian pilgrimage to the Holy Land. We describe the preparation, course and results of B.P. Mansurov’s trip to the Orthodox East (1857) that largely predetermined the nature of the Russian presence in Palestine. In the framework of this trip, we consider the reasons for creating the joint-stock company “Russian Company of Shipping and Trading”. We reveal that created as an attempt to preserve the presence of Russia on the Black Sea coast, the company set the task to facilitate the movement of Russian pilgrims to Palestine and Athos. By this step, the Russian government intended to increase Russia’s humanitarian influence in the region. We pay attention to B.P. Mansurov’s service instructions in trip to the East, the significance of his work for the publication of the “Guide to the Orthodox Worshiper to Holy Places”, and also Mansurov’s own views on the problem of Russian Orthodox pilgrimage in Palestine. We show that B.P. Mansurov’s program envisaged an increase in the intensity of the steamship communication with Palestine, the acquisition of land and construction of pilgrimage shelters, the erection of temples for the Russian worship. The development issues of Orthodox pilgrimage should be managed through the Russian consulates operating in the Middle East, including in Jerusalem itself. Consideration of results of the journey in 1857 allowed to draw conclusions about the significant role of B.P. Mansurov in the history of the Russian presence in the Holy Land.

scholarly journals The Rise of Jihad in the Pakhtun Region: The Role of Culture

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-119
Author(s):  
Abdul Shakoor
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Actors

Using secondary data, the study is an attempt to analyze the rise of jihad in the Pakhtun region. The objective is to investigate the transformation of jihad and the role of Pakhtun culture in the process. The study provides a thorough analysis of the historical background of Jihadi activities in the region, the role of religious figures, the establishment and role of the Darul Uloom Deoband before the creation of Pakistan, and the Afghan jihad and its aftermath after the creation of Pakistan. The study concludes that the concept of jihad has been manipulated historically by non-state actors to gain political authority and lately by the state actors themselves for the achievement of certain foreign policy goals. The study further concludes that although much of this process of jihad has historically been pronounced on the Pakhtun land, however, it is important to note that it is not culturally driven.

Preaching a Crusade and Leaving Miracles Behind, 1146–1150

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-214
Author(s):  
Brian Patrick McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Holy Land ◽  
Holy Places ◽  
Saint Bernard Of Clairvaux ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Saint Bernard ◽  
Knights Templar

This chapter illustrates how Saint Bernard of Clairvaux accepted an invitation to preach what in his age was called a pilgrimage (peregrinatio), while we use the term “crusade.” The idea was that the knights of France, Burgundy, Champagne, and elsewhere should band together and embark on an armed pilgrimage to make Jerusalem and other holy places safe from the encroachment of the Saracens. Bernard's decision to support the crusade cannot be explained in terms of his Cistercian background. But in supporting the creation of a “new militia,” as he called it, the Knights Templar, Bernard had already more than fifteen years earlier thrown his support behind a unique kind of soldier monasticism. Now after the fall of Edessa in 1144, Bernard decided to support not only monk-knights but also knights of all kinds and to inspire them by his preaching to take the cross and go to the Holy Land, now in danger of being taken again by non-Christians. The chapter provides a sense of Bernard's impact on his surroundings outside of monastic circles. At the same time, it considers the letters Bernard wrote that show how he looked upon his commitment to crusade.

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