scholarly journals Palladio's Architectural Orders: From Practice to Theory

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 1-54
Author(s):  
David Hemsoll
Keyword(s):  
Classical Tradition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Column Height ◽  
Architectural Theory ◽  
Column Diameter ◽  
Andrea Palladio ◽  
Universal Principles ◽  
Four Books ◽  
Architectural Orders ◽  
Substantial Degree

The enduring concept of the orders was fundamental to the perpetuation of the classical tradition, and it is central to much architectural theory. One of the most resoundingly influential of its elucidations was published in 1570 by Andrea Palladio (1508–80) in the opening book of his architectural treatise, the Quattro libri dell'architettura (Four Books of Architecture). There, as in other theoretical works from around this period and later, the five orders — Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian and Composite — are presented as a hierarchy of purportedly ideal exemplars; and, in this particular case, their universal ‘principles’ (precetti) are conveyed through two sets of illustrations, one depicting colonnades (Fig. 1) and the other arcades (Fig. 2), together with many further plates showing various individual details. In each of the main illustrations, the specimen is given its own designated proportions of column-diameter to column-height, ranging from 1:7 for Tuscan to 1:10 for Composite, and a distinctive formal make-up for both the column and its accompanying entablature. What is little borne in mind, however, is that this published rendition of the orders dates from towards the end of Palladio's career and was preceded by three decades of prolific practice, during which time his approach — as we shall discover — was in many respects very similar. In other words, the Quattro libri treatment of the orders was not merely a necessary and predictable inclusion in such a publication, or just a theoretical or ‘paper’ exercise, which is rather how it has also been viewed, since, as we shall see, it was representative to a very substantial degree of Palladio's actual established practice and its underlying rationale and philosophy.

Anthropology and the classics: war, violence, and the statelesspolis

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Berent
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Classical Tradition ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
The Other ◽  
Value System ◽  
Persian Wars ◽  
Intellectual Revolution ◽  
Greek Civilization ◽  
Constitutional Changes

I. INTRODUCTIONIt has become a commonplace in contemporary historiography to note the frequency of war in ancient Greece. Yvon Garlan says that, during the century and a half from the Persian wars (490 and 480–479 B.C.) to the battle of Chaeronea (338 B.C.), Athens was at war, on average, more than two years out of every three, and never enjoyed a period of peace for as long as ten consecutive years. ‘Given these conditions’, says Garlan, ‘one would expect them (i.e. the Greeks) to consider war as a problem …. But this was far from being the case.’ The Greek acceptance of war as inevitable was contrasted by Momigliano and others with the attention given to constitutional changes and to the prevention ofstasis: ‘the Greeks came to accept war like birth and death about which nothing could be done …. On the other hand constitutions were men-made and could be modified by men.’Moralist overtones were not absent from this re-evaluation of Greek civilization. Havelock observed that the Greeks exalted, legitimized, and placed organized warfare at the heart of the European value system, and Momigliano suggested that:The idea of controlling wars, like the idea of the emancipation of women and the idea of birth control, is a part of the intellectual revolution of the nineteenth century and meant a break with the classical tradition of historiography of wars.

scholarly journals « L’espace indicible »: conceptions et textualités

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickaël Labbé
Keyword(s):  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Spiritual Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Architectural Theory ◽  
Mots Clés ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Experiential Quality

Résumé: La notion d’« espace indicible » occupe sans conteste une position centrale dans la théorie architecturale de Le Corbusier après 1945. Loin d’être un simple mot-valise ou un signifiant vide de sens, le concept d’espace indicible vise à penser le sommet de l’expérience esthétique et spirituelle dont est passible l’architecture, cela tant pour rendre compte de l’émotion plastique ressentie face aux chefs-d’œuvre du passé que pour décrire la qualité de l’expérience que l’architecte cherche à produire par ses propres œuvres. Ainsi, dans l’œuvre de Le Corbusier, l’expression « l’espace indicible » désigne non seulement un concept, mais également un ensemble textuel dans lequel la notion est thématisée et au travers duquel elle se constitue progressivement. L’objectif de cet article est double : d’une part, proposer une description des déterminations principales du contenu donné par Le Corbusier à la notion d’« espace indicible » ; d’autre part, à partir de l’examen des archives, faire le point sur les textes dans lesquels ce concept se formule. Abstract: The concept of “ineffable space” unquestionably occupies a central place in Le Corbusier's architectural theory after 1945. Far from being a portmanteau or a signifier devoid of meaning, the concept of ineffable space is aimed at conceiving the height of aesthetic and spiritual experience rendered possible by architecture. This is as much to realise plastic emotion felt in front of masterpiece from the past as to describe the experiential quality that the architect seeks to produce in his/her own work. Thus, in Le Corbusier’s oeuvre, the expression “ineffable space” not only denotes a concept but also a textual whole in which the concept is thematised and through which it is progressively constituted. The aim of this article is two-fold. On the one hand, I propose a description of the principle determinants of the content that Le Corbusier assigns to the concept of “ineffable space”, and on the other hand, analysing the archives, I wish to take stock of the texts in which this concept is formulated.  Mots-clés: Le Corbusier; espace indicible; théorie architecturale. Keywords: Le Corbusier; ineffable space; architectural theory. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.470

Kinderheilkunde, edited by Professor G.-A. von Harnack. Berlin/Heidelberg/New York: Springer-Verlag, 1968, 451 pp., $9.50

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-644
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Cone
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Classical Tradition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Professional Experience

Both of these books, one English the other German, will satisfy the needs of the reader who wants something more than a synopsis yet less than a detailed textbook of pediatrics. Each accomplishes this goal, but in a different way. Dr. Jolly wrote his book entirely by himself, drawing on his long and varied clinical expenience in both England and West Africa. This in itself is a tremendous accomplishment because there are few pediatricians left in any country whose professional experience is broad enough for them to be able to write single-handedly a text of pediatrics in the classical tradition.

The Primal Force of the Great Depression

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kenneth Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Classical Tradition ◽  
Great Depression ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Stock Market Crash ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Classical Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

This chapter examines the impact of the Great Depression on classical economic ideas. When the Great Depression struck after the stock market crash of October 1929, economists in the classical tradition such as Joseph Schumpeter and Lionel Robbins chose to do nothing. They argued that the depression must be allowed to run its course. The chapter first considers U.S. economic policy under Franklin D. Roosevelt, focusing on how he addressed three visible features of the depression: deflation in prices, unemployment, and the hardship depression suffered by especially vulnerable groups. It also discusses the views of two scholars who belonged to the group known as the Roosevelt Brains Trust (later the Brain Trust), Rexford Guy Tugwell and Adolf A. Berle Jr. Finally, it explores how depression and price deflation led to two efforts to raise prices, one through the National Recovery Act and the other through agriculture.

Genes and the Evolutionary Synthesis

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niles Eldredge
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Origin Of Species ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Isolating Mechanisms ◽  
Historical Effect ◽  
Four Books ◽  
Species Definitions ◽  
Illustrative Material

My intention in this and the following chapter is simply to clarify what a few of the better known architects of the synthesis actually had to say about how the entire spectrum of genes through phyla really fits together. I have chosen books rather than a potpourri of articles from the (possibly) more “technical” scientific literature, for precisely this reason: it is in the books that we find the coherent, integrated statements. And each of the four books singled out for particularly close analysis—Genetics and the Origin of Species (Dobzhansky 1937a); Genetics and the Origin of Species second edition (Dobzhansky 1941); Systematics and the Origin of Species (Mayr 1942); and Tempo and Mode in Evolution (Simpson 1944)—is a truly coherent, though not necessarily smoothly linear, argument. In each, some parts seem more vital to the flow of argument than others, but it is clear to the reader from the outset that each is a complete book and not a disjointed melange of unrelated ideas. Then, too, the contents of each author’s papers are to a great extent reflected in the respective books. It is apparent, for example, that Dobzhansky was publishing a variety of papers in the 1930s (many were in his “Genetics of Natural Populations” series republished in a single volume in 1981 by Lewontin et al.) which he liberally drew upon for illustrative material in Genetics and the Origin of Species. The other sorts of papers Dobzhansky was publishing seem to be byproducts of his thinking and research for the various editions of his book. Examples are his papers on species definitions (1935) and isolating mechanisms (1937b) and his theory of the origin of isolating mechanisms by reinforcement (1940). The choice of the four particular books for special treatment in this volume needs further comment. I have omitted such nonconformist works as Robson and Richards (1936), Willis (1940), and Goldschmidt (1940) precisely because they have been almost universally considered as falling outside the limits of the synthesis. The main historical effect of such books (especially Goldschmidt’s) seems to have been as irritants.

scholarly journals LA TRADICIÓN CLÁSICA EN LA OBRA DE FERNANDO PESSOA

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Swiderski
Keyword(s):  
Classical Tradition ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Formal Models ◽  
Fernando Pessoa ◽  
The One ◽  
Siglo Xx

O regresso de Pessoa às fontes clássicas seguiu duas direções, que neste artigo procuro identificar e analisar. De um lado, foi uma das bases de suas utopias estéticas e políticas, que expressou através de revistas, movimentos e profecias de regeneração; de outro, é relevante na produção do seu heterônimo Ricardo Reis, quem, em pleno século XX, recupera nas Odes os moldes formais e os temas de Horácio. Resumen El regreso a las fuentes clásicas que Pessoa impulsó siguió dos direcciones, que en este artículo intento identificar y analizar. Por un lado, fue una de las bases de sus utopías estéticas y políticas, que expresó a través de revistas, movimientos y profecías de regeneración; por otro, es fundamental en la producción de su heterónimo Ricardo Reis, quien, en pleno siglo XX, recupera en sus Odes los moldes formales y temáticos de Horacio. Classical tradition in Fernando Pessoa’s works Abstract This article attempts to identify and analyze the influence of classical tradition in Pessoa in two ways. On the one hand, it functions as one of the bases for his aesthetic and political utopias revealed in magazines, movements, and regeneration prophecies. On the other, it is relevant to the production under the pseudonym Ricardo Reis who, in the 20th century, restores the formal models and Horace’s themes through the Odes.

scholarly journals Judicial leadership on the UK Supreme Court

Legal Studies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Hunter ◽  
Erika Rackley
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Community Leadership ◽  
The Other ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Future ◽  
Uk Supreme Court ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Substantial Degree

AbstractThis paper examines judicial leadership on the UK Supreme Court. It does not confine itself to the formal roles of the President and Deputy President. Rather, building on existing categories of judicial leadership, including administrative, jurisprudential and community leadership, it considers the contributions of all 12 Justices. In so doing, it provides a significant compilation of quantitative data on the activities of the Justices of the Supreme Court both on and off the bench from the the Court's inception in 2009 to the end of the 2014-2015 legal year. From this, we suggest that while a number of the Justices engaged in one or two broad forms of leadership – with Lady Hale in particular demonstrating a substantial degree of leadership across all three dimensions – at the other end of the spectrum, at least on the measures used in this paper, a significant minority did not. In the light of this, and the significant number of recent and forthcoming retirements from the Court, the paper concludes by considering the implications of our findings for the future of the Court. We argue that these retirements will result in gaps in both formal and informal judicial leadership, and it is vital that these gaps are filled by appointees who are capable of, and prepared to step up to, diverse and varied forms of judicial leadership.

scholarly journals Study of genetic differences among Slovak Tsigai populations using microsatellite markers

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 468-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kusza ◽  
E. Gyarmathy ◽  
J. Dubravska ◽  
I. Nagy ◽  
A. Jávor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Substantial Degree

In this study genetic diversity, population structure and genetic relationships of Tsigai populations in Slovakia were investigated using microsatellite markers. Altogether 195 animals from 12 populations were genotyped for 16 microsatellites. 212 alleles were detected on the loci. The number of identified alleles per locus ranged from 11 to 35. In the majority of the populations heterozygosity deficiency and potential risks of inbreeding could be determined. High values of <I>F</I><sub>ST</sub> (0.133) across all the loci revealed a substantial degree of population differentiation. The estimation of genetic distance value showed that the Slovak Vojin population was the most different from the other populations. The 12 examined populations were able to group into 4 clusters. With this result our aim is to help the Slovak sheep breeders to establish their own mating system, to avoid genetic loss and to prevent diversity of Tsigai breed in Slovakia.

scholarly journals Cuba: transition of disintegration?

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
Jean Stubbs
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
University Of Pittsburgh ◽  
Four Books ◽  
Major Turning Point ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
Cuban History

[First paragraph]Toward a New Cuba? Legacies of a Revolution. MIGUEL ANGEL CENTENO & MAURICIO FONT (eds.). Boulder CO: Lynne Rienner, 1997. ix + 245 pp. (Cloth US$ 49.95)Essays on Cuban History: Historiography and Research. Louis A. PEREZ, JR. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1994. xiv + 306 pp. (Cloth US$ 44.95)Cuba's Second Economy: From Behind the Scenes to Center Stage.JORGE F. PEREZ-LOPEZ. New Brunswick NJ: Transaction, 1995. 221 pp. (Cloth US$ 32.95)Sport in Cuba: The Diamond in the Rough. PAULA J. PETTAVINO & GERALYN PYE. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1994. ix + 301 pp. (Cloth US$ 49.94, Paper US$ 19.95)Cuba is clearly at yet another major turning point, and the four books under review here testify, each in its way, to this. Two are single-authored monographs (one on sport, the other on the informal economy) one is a single-authored collection of essays on history and historiography; and one is a multidisciplinary anthology of essays by various authors. In approach, they cover a broad political spectrum, and all are concerned with an understanding of process in Cuba, whether prior to or since the 1959 revolution, pre- or post-1989, or during the 1990s.

English Catholics and the Papal Deposing Power 1570-1640

1963 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-10
Author(s):  
Thomas Clancy
Keyword(s):  
Steady Flow ◽  
The Other ◽  
Previous Article ◽  
Four Books ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Voice

If we survey the Jesuit writers on the deposing power during the period 1603-1640, we find that for the first seven years Persons is the only English Jesuit to treat of the subject and he touches on it in all his last four books. The fullest treatment is in A Treatise tending to Mitigation but neither there, nor in the other books is there anything more than an explanation of the points of contention, treated according to the system of Bellarmine. For a few years after Persons's death in 1610 the steady flow continued of Latin works by the Jesuit controversialists on the continent: Becanus, Gretser, Bellarmine, Lessius and others. Some of these works were translated into English, together with some of the works of the French Jesuits referred to in the previous article. After 1613 the decree of the Jesuit General Aquaviva, forbidding Jesuit writers to treat of the subject, took effect, and with the exception of the works of Thomas Fitzherbert against the defenders of the Oath of Allegiance the voice of the Jesuits, at least on the deposing power, was heard no more.

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