scholarly journals A MERLIN movie of mass-loss from RT Vir

1999 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
A. M. S. Richards ◽  
R. J. Cohen ◽  
I. Bains ◽  
J. A. Yates
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Field ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Simple Function ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Maser Emission ◽  
Stellar Velocity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Water Maser

We used MERLIN to observe RT Vir at 22 GHz at six epochs during 10 weeks. The water maser emission comes from a thick expanding shell with an elliptical velocity field. MERLIN has a velocity resolution of 0.1 km s−1 and milli-arcsecond angular resolution, revealing details within the individual maser clouds, typically 12 mas in diameter spanning 15 velocity channels. The brightest peak doubles in intensity to 800 Jy/beam. Features at velocities close to the stellar velocity show the largest proper motions of ∼ 3 mas away from the centre of emission. Some features are seen near the outer limits to the maser shell at early epochs only, but new masers appear close to the inner rim. The variability of individual maser features is not a simple function of the stellar luminosity.

scholarly journals Masers as probes of proto-planetary discs

2004 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 362-364
Author(s):  
A.M.S. Richards ◽  
R. J. Cohen ◽  
M. Crocker ◽  
E. E. Lekht ◽  
V. Samodourov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Radio Telescope ◽  
Keplerian Orbit ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Central Mass ◽  
Maser Emission ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Star Forming Regions ◽  
Velocity Variations ◽  
Water Maser

Water maser emission from star forming regions has been monitored for several decades using the Puschino radio telescope, showing radial velocity variations consistent with material in Keplerian orbit around protostars. MERLIN and the EVN are now being used to image the 22 GHz emission on au scales and measure proper motions. This will distinguish discs from outflows, and provide an estimate of the central mass and possibly orbiting condensations.

scholarly journals A collimated molecular jet in W 43A traced by water maser emission

2002 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Imai ◽  
Tetsuo Sasao ◽  
Kumiko Obara ◽  
Toshihiro Omodaka ◽  
Philip J. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Evolution ◽  
Position Angle ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Maser Emission ◽  
Water Masers ◽  
Water Maser

We present the spatial and velocity distributions of water masers in W 43A. Most of the maser features are spatially and kinematically collimated to a surprising extent. It is very likely that the jet in W 43A is predominantly composed of warm molecules traced by water maser emission. The position angle of the spatial collimation of the maser clusters is slightly different from the directions of both the cluster separation and the proper motions. We propose a model involving a precessing jet to explain the axis offsets. The discovery of a molecular jet with precession in W 43A provides important information on our understanding of the formation of collimated molecular jets and may provide clues on specific stages of stellar evolution.

scholarly journals RadioAstron space-VLBI project: studies of masers in star forming regions of our Galaxy and megamasers in external galaxies

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (S336) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Sobolev ◽  
N. N. Shakhvorostova ◽  
A. V. Alakoz ◽  
W. A. Baan
Keyword(s):  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Nearby Galaxy ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Maser Emission ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Star Forming Regions ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
External Galaxies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Water Maser

AbstractObservations of the masers in the course of RadioAstron mission yielded detections of fringes for a number of sources in both water and hydroxyl maser transitions. Several sources display numerous ultra-compact details. This proves that implementation of the space VLBI technique for maser studies is possible technically and is not always prevented by the interstellar scattering, maser beaming and other effects related to formation, transfer, and detection of the cosmic maser emission. For the first time, cosmic water maser emission was detected with projected baselines exceeding Earth Diameter. It was detected in a number of star-forming regions in the Galaxy and two megamaser galaxies NGC 4258 and NGC 3079. RadioAstron observations provided the absolute record of the angular resolution in astronomy. Fringes from the NGC 4258 megamaser were detected on baseline exceeding 25 Earth Diameters. This means that the angular resolution sufficient to measure the parallax of the water maser source in the nearby galaxy LMC was directly achieved in the cosmic maser observations. Very compact features with angular sizes about 20\muas\, have been detected in star-forming regions of our Galaxy. Corresponding linear sizes are about 5-10 million kilometers. So, the major step from milli- to micro-arcsecond resolution in maser studies is achieved by the RadioAstron mission. The existence of the features with extremely small angular sizes is established. Further implementations of the space–VLBI maser instrument for studies of the nature of cosmic objects, studies of the interaction of extremely high radiation field with molecular material and studies of the matter on the line of sight are planned.

scholarly journals Spatio-kinematical model of the collimated molecular outflow in the water-fountain nebula IRAS 16342–3814

2019 ◽  
Vol 629 ◽  
pp. A8 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Tafoya ◽  
G. Orosz ◽  
W. H. T. Vlemmings ◽  
R. Sahai ◽  
A. F. Pérez-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Field ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Lower Velocity ◽  
Maser Emission ◽  
Molecular Outflow ◽  
Kinematical Model ◽  
Water Maser

Context. Water-fountain nebulae are asymptotic giant branch (AGB) and post-AGB objects that exhibit high-velocity outflows traced by water-maser emission. Their study is important for understanding the interaction between collimated jets and the circumstellar material that leads to the formation of bipolar and/or multi-polar morphologies in evolved stars. Aims. The aim of this paper is to describe the three-dimensional morphology and kinematics of the molecular gas of the water-fountain nebula IRAS 16342−3814. Methods. Data was retrieved from the ALMA archive for analysis using a simple spatio-kinematical model. The software SHAPE was employed to construct a three-dimensional, spatio-kinematical model of the molecular gas in IRAS 16342−3814, and to then reproduce the intensity distribution and position-velocity diagram of the CO emission from the ALMA observations to derive the morphology and velocity field of the gas. Data from CO(J = 1 → 0) supported the physical interpretation of the model. Results. A spatio-kinematical model that includes a high-velocity collimated outflow embedded within material expanding at relatively lower velocity reproduces the images and position-velocity diagrams from the observations. The derived morphology is in good agreement with previous results from IR and water-maser emission observations. The high-velocity collimated outflow exhibits deceleration across its length, while the velocity of the surrounding component increases with distance. The morphology of the emitting region, the velocity field, and the mass of the gas as function of velocity are in excellent agreement with the properties predicted for a molecular outflow driven by a jet. The timescale of the molecular outflow is estimated to be ~70–100 yr. The scalar momentum carried by the outflow is much larger than it can be provided by the radiation of the central star. An oscillating pattern was found associated with the high-velocity collimated outflow. The oscillation period of the pattern is T ≈ 60–90 yr and its opening angle is θop ≈ 2°. Conclusions. The CO (J = 3 → 2) emission in IRAS 16342−3814 is interpreted in terms of a jet-driven molecular outflow expanding along an elongated region. The position-velocity diagram and the mass spectrum reveal a feature due to entrained material that is associated with the driving jet. This feature is not seen in other more evolved objects that exhibit more developed bipolar morphologies. It is likely that the jet in those objects has already disappeared since it is expected to last only for a couple hundred years. This strengthens the idea that water fountain nebulae are undergoing a very short transition during which they develop the collimated outflows that shape the circumstellar envelopes. The oscillating pattern seen in the CO high-velocity outflow is interpreted as due to precession with a relatively small opening angle. The precession period is compatible with the period of the corkscrew pattern seen at IR wavelengths. We propose that the high-velocity molecular outflow traces the underlying primary jet that produces such a pattern.

scholarly journals VLA observations of water maser emission associated with SVS 13

2002 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Luis F. Rodríguez ◽  
Guillem Anglada ◽  
José M. Torrelles ◽  
J. Eduardo Mendoza-Torres ◽  
Aubrey D. Haschick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Radio Source ◽  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Radio Continuum ◽  
Large Array ◽  
Maser Emission ◽  
Very Large Array ◽  
Water Maser ◽  
East West ◽  
Made In

The young stellar object SVS 13 has been proposed as the powering source of the HH 7-11 objects. Recent observations have revealed that in the radio continuum (3.6-cm) the source is a binary separated by about 0.3 in the east-west direction. We present Very Large Array observations, made in the highest angular resolution A configuration, of H2O maser emission toward this source. Our data show that the H2O spots appear to be segregated in two velocity groups: a group with radial velocity similar to that of the ambient cloud (VLSR ⋍ 8 km s−1) that is associated with the western radio source, and a blueshifted (by ∼20 km s−1) velocity group that is associated with the eastern radio source. We discuss the possible implications of this observation.

Kinematics of main-sequence stars from the Gaia DR2 and PMA proper motions

2020 ◽  
Vol 494 (1) ◽  
pp. 1430-1447
Author(s):  
Anna B Velichko ◽  
P N Fedorov ◽  
V S Akhmetov
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Field ◽  
Main Sequence ◽  
Vertical Gradient ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Main Sequence Stars ◽  
Stellar Velocity ◽  
Gaia Dr2

ABSTRACT We aim at analysis of kinematics of main-sequence stars from the GaiaDR2 and PMA catalogues as well as comparison of kinematic parameters derived from their proper motions. We decompose the stellar velocity field on to a set of vector spherical harmonics (VSH), and, using the relations between the decomposition coefficients and the Ogorodnikov–Milne (O–M) model parameters, calculate the latter. The method of VSH allowed to detect all systematic constituents present in the GaiaDR2 and PMA stellar velocity fields. We notice incompleteness of the O–M model, discuss the kinematic parameters derived within its framework, as well as significant decomposition coefficients that do not have analogues within this model. For separate analysis of the kinematic parameters in the Northern and Southern Galactic hemispheres, we apply the decomposition on to a set of zonal VSH (ZVSH). Modelling the stellar velocity field allowed to confirm the causes of some significant beyond-the-model harmonics. Based on stellar proper motions from the Gaia DR2 and PMA catalogues, we confirm the previous conclusion that the values of ω1 and $M^+_{23}$ O–M model parameters derived in the Northern and Southern Galactic hemispheres have opposite signs. This fact takes place due to a vertical gradient of the linear rotation velocity about the Galactic centre. We estimate influence of the vertical gradient on the value of solar velocity component Y⊙. We confirm that the beyond-the-model coefficients t211 and s310 are caused by the vertical gradient as well.

scholarly journals The H2O maser proper motions of RT Vir and VX Sgr

2002 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 298-305
Author(s):  
Jeremy Yates ◽  
Anita Richards ◽  
Malcolm Gray
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Proper Motion ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Small Radius ◽  
Circumstellar Envelope ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Radial Acceleration ◽  
Magnetic Field Axis ◽  
Water Maser

We have measured significant proper motions using the water maser clouds in the outflows from RT Vir (6 epochs) and VX Sgr (2 epochs). In both cases proper motions are measured in the bright emission found perpendicular to the OH emission. This strongly suggests latitude dependent mass-loss with the water masers tracing a dense equatorial outflow and the OH emission tracing a less dense polar outflow. In both cases the rotational velocities are < 1 km s−1 thus ruling out a strongly rotating circumstellar envelope. This suggests the outflow is not shaped by an orbiting companion. In the case of VX Sgr the proper motions are contained in a wedge perpendicular to the measured magnetic field axis, thus strongly suggesting that the magnetic field is helping to shape the mass outflow.The proper motion results have thrown up a puzzle. For VX Sgr the material is being radially accelerated and material enters the water maser zone at 4 km s−1. This is consistent with the mass loss model of Bowen (1988). However the RT Vir proper motion results show no such radial acceleration. The masers have already received their acceleration before they reach the water maser zone at 3-AU (our numerical models seem to support the small radius). This was probably done in the pulsation zone. The acceleration mechanism is unclear for this source.

scholarly journals Maser emission towards the young planetary nebula IRAS 17347-3139

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (S242) ◽  
pp. 334-335
Author(s):  
D. Tafoya ◽  
Y. Gómez ◽  
J. F. Gómez ◽  
I. de Gregorio-Monsalvo ◽  
L. Uscanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Planetary Nebula ◽  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Radio Continuum ◽  
Maser Emission ◽  
Closed Ring ◽  
First Time ◽  
Water Maser

AbstractWe have re-analyzed observations of the water maser emission in IRAS 17347-3139 carried out previously and compared them with new higher angular resolution and more sensitive radio-continuum observations to explain the shift between the position of the peak of the radio-continuum with respect to the center of the ring-like distribution. From our analysis, we found that the water maser emission is not distributed in a closed ring-like structure, but in what appears to be a segment of an ellipse centered in the position of the peak of the radio-continuum. These results can explain the shift between the radio-continuum and the water maser emission. We also present interferometric observations of the OH maser emission towards IRAS 17347-3139 from which we have found that the OH maser emission detected previously is not associated with this source. Furthermore, since our observations are more sensitive, we have detected for the first time weak OH maser emission associated with IRAS 17347-3139.

scholarly journals A sensitive survey for water masers towards Bok globules

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (S242) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
I. de Gregorio-Monsalvo ◽  
J. F. Gómez ◽  
O. Suárez ◽  
T. B. H. Kuiper ◽  
G. Anglada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Stellar Object ◽  
High Angular Resolution ◽  
Maser Emission ◽  
Young Stellar Object ◽  
Bok Globules ◽  
Water Masers ◽  
Water Maser

AbstractIn this work we report the most sensitive water maser survey towards Bok globules to date, using NASA's 70 m antenna in Robledo de Chavela (Spain). We observed 207 positions within the Clemens & Barvainis catalog that show indications of possible star formation or with a high probability of harboring a young stellar object. With this survey we have increased the number of Bok globules known to present water maser emission from three to nine. We have complemented these results with interferometric high-angular resolution observations towards some of our detections.

Expansion of methanol maser rings

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (S336) ◽  
pp. 211-214
Author(s):  
Anna Bartkiewicz ◽  
Alberto Sanna ◽  
Marian Szymczak ◽  
Luca Moscadelli ◽  
Huib van Langevelde
Keyword(s):  
Proper Motion ◽  
H Ii Regions ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Maser Emission ◽  
Methanol Maser ◽  
The Past ◽  
Motion Study ◽  
Water Maser

AbstractRing−like sources of 6.7 GHz methanol maser emission were discovered a decade ago with the European VLBI Network. In the past years we have been incessantly working to understand the nature of these rings. In general, the methanol rings do not coincide with H II regions nor they show 22 GHz water maser emission. Here, we present a proper motion study over a time baseline up to 10.5 years for the first sub-sample of methanol maser rings. Our findings suggest that in three targets G23.207−00.377, G23.389+00.185, and G23.657−00.127, such rings form in outflows or even in winds close to the central sources, and the masers trace slow proper motions of a few km s−1 typically.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document