Chapter 2. Postulates Two Through Six

1974 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
B. J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sexual Division ◽  
Sexual Division Of Labor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

Given that food is shared within the family and a sexual division of labor with respect to hunting-gathering activities exists, then territorial groups will tend to be patrilocally basedIt has been shown that at least two types of territoriality may be distinguished—sexual and economic. These are associated with societies of animals which, intraspecifically, represent the smallest kind of grouping having maximal autonomy. In species which are largely food-limited, it is the food supply with which autonomy is largely concerned.In species in which the family pair defends an economic territory, both the male and female may engage in this, though the male more frequently than the female. In the social ants, males exist only as breeders, and specialized females defend the territory. In all cases, the territory must be defended by the individuals who range the widest and, in accordance with Postulate One, have contacts with individuals of similar groups.In Homo sapiens, the males defend the territory. There are two major reasons for this, both related to a division of labor along sex lines. The first is that the male, in this division of labor, is the widest ranging of the two sexes. The second is the primate heritage of sexual dimorphism which adapts the male as a combatant more than the female.

scholarly journals “A Mulher é mais Delicada”: Um Estudo sobre a Associação da Figura Feminina à Área de Confeitaria Profissional

ILUMINURAS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (51) ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Madeira de Castro Santos ◽  
Daniela Alves Minuzzo
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Pierre Bourdieu ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Sexual Division ◽  
Sexual Division Of Labor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
And Gender

RESUMO Há uma estreita relação das mulheres com a produção de alimentos, suscitando debates acerca dessa relação, dentre elas uma suposta propensão a realizar determinados trabalhos na cozinha por associação com estereótipos ligados ao gênero feminino, como é o caso da confeitaria. O principal objetivo, portanto, foi analisar a associação entre a figura feminina e a área de confeitaria profissional. O trabalho discutiu questões de gênero e construção da mulher, passando pelo machismo na cozinha profissional e a relação da mulher com a confeitaria. A partir da análise do conteúdo de entrevistas realizadas com sete profissionais da área de cozinha e confeitaria, verificou-se questões relativas à divisão sexual do trabalho, raça e gênero, associação do homem confeiteiro à homossexualidade, discutidos com base em conceitos de Pierre Bourdieu, como o poder simbólico, a violência simbólica e o habitus. Observou-se uma associação estereotipada de gênero, reconhecendo-se a necessidade de uma remodelação dessas relações de representação feminina na área de gastronomia profissional.Palavras-chave: Confeitaria. Feminismo. Cozinha profissional. Divisão sexual do trabalho. “WOMEN ARE MORE DELICATE”: a study on the association of female figure to the field of professional confectionary arts ABSTRACTThere is a close relation of women and food production, rising debates around it, among those a supposed propensity for some kinds of labor on gastronomy by association with gender steriotypes, such as on the field of professional confectionary arts. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to analyze the association made between the feminine figure and the field of professional confectionary arts. The article discusses gender issues and the social construction of women, passing through machismo at professional kitchen and women at confectionary field. Based on the content analysis of interviews with seven kitchen and confectionery professionals, questions related to the sexual division of labor, race and gender, confectioner's association with homosexuality were observed. The discussion was based on Pierre Bourdieu concepts including symbolic power, symbolic violence and the habitus. A gender stereotypical association was observed, recognizing the need for a remodeling of these relationships of female representation in the area of professional gastronomy.Keywords: Confectionary arts. Feminism. Professional kitchen. Sexual division of labor.

scholarly journals Mulheres e futebol: a cobertura sobre o Brasileirão Feminino no site globoesporte.com

2021 ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
MAGNOLIA REJANE ANDRADE DOS SANTOS ◽  
RAYSA BEATRIZ DA SILVA LEMOS
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sexual Division ◽  
Sexual Division Of Labor ◽  
Extensive Coverage

 O presente trabalho tem como proposta identificar e categorizar as notícias relativas ao Campeonato Brasileiro Feminino 2021 no site globoesporte.com. Aborda o conceito de gênero como um elemento diretamente ligado as relações sociais. Reflete sobre a divisão sexual do trabalho e os papéis sociais de gênero. Comenta sobre a presença da mulher no futebol. É uma pesquisa bibliográfica e quali-quantitativa. Apresenta a estrutura do Campeonato Brasileiro Feminino 2021. Aponta a desigualdade de gênero como a causa das discrepâncias entre o futebol masculino e feminino. Conclui que o site em questão realizou ampla cobertura do campeonato, pois noticiou todas as fases do campeonato.Palavras-chave: Futebol feminino. Campeonato Brasileiro Feminino. Globo Esporte. Women and football: the coverage of the Brazilian Female Championship at globoesporte.comABSTRACTThis paper aims to identify and categorize the news related to the Brazilian Female Championship 2021 on the globoesporte.com website. It approaches the concept of gender as an element directly linked to social relations. It reflects on the sexual division of labor and social gender roles. It comments on the presence of women in soccer. It is a bibliographic and qualitative-quantitative research. Presents the structure of the 2021 Brazilian Women's Championship. Points to gender inequality as the cause of the differences between male and female soccer. It concludes that the site in question carried out extensive coverage of the championship, seeing that it reported all phases of the championship.Keywords: Women’s footbal. Brazilian Female Championship. Globo Esporte.

A Bone to Pick

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carles Boix ◽  
Frances Rosenbluth
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Efficient Allocation ◽  
Sexual Division ◽  
Sexual Division Of Labor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Measures Of Inequality ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

The frameworks of modern economics demonstrate how stature and sexual dimorphism can be used to model inequality among human populations. The authors synthesize a wide range of data from archaeological and historic contexts to characterize stature variation during the Neolithic and the Industrial revolutions. First, they find that the shift from foraging to farming widely introduced inequalities significant enough to affect the distribution of health and stature and was fundamentally linked to the invention of coercive sociopolitical mechanisms. Second, a rise in sexual dimorphism that accompanies intensive agriculture and may often reflect both a society’s more efficient allocation of nutrition and a drop in female bargaining power related to increased sexual division of labor and gendered inequalities. Third, political structures deeply shape nutritional outcomes. As economists, they engage a literature and measures of inequality that are foreign to most archaeologists. Aside from the substance of their findings, this chapter represents a valuable cross-disciplinary contribution.

Reproductive Futurism

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-88
Author(s):  
Joan Wallach Scott
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Human Biology ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Separate Spheres ◽  
Sexual Division ◽  
Labor Power ◽  
Sexual Division Of Labor ◽  
The Family ◽  
Distinctive Aspect ◽  
Natural Fact

This chapter shows how, in the discourse of secularism, the existence of separate spheres for women and men was no longer attributed to God, it was taken as a natural fact. The insistence on nature's mandate was a distinctive aspect of nineteenth-century secularism. Human biology was the ultimate source of the unequal and distinctive roles for women and men. These roles designated women's bodies as the agents of reproduction—as guarantor of the future of the family and, by extension, the race and the nation—and men as embodied labor power, whether manual or intellectual. In the discourse of secularism, the sexual division of labor also had an evolutionary dimension that linked the progress of civilization, and so of the white race, to specialized functions for each sex.

The Sexual Division of Labor and the Split Paycheck

Hypatia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-667
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Hirschmann
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Feminist Philosophy ◽  
Seminal Work ◽  
Sexual Division ◽  
Sexual Division Of Labor ◽  
The Family ◽  
Wage Earning ◽  
The Impact

This essay takes up an apparently minor idea of Susan Moller Okin's Justice, Gender, and the Family—that employers should split the paycheck of wage‐earning husbands between employees and their stay‐at‐home spouses—and suggests that it actually threatens to undermine Okin's entire argument by perpetuating the most central cause of women's inequality by Okin's own account: the sexual division of labor. Recognizing the vital contributions that Okin's seminal work made and the impact that it had on the field of feminist philosophy and political theory, the essay explores the ethical, political, and philosophical problems with this solution to the dire problems of gender inequality and injustice that Okin correctly identifies. The essay suggests that her commitment to liberalism may have resulted in a commitment to an inadequate vision of how to solve the problems of gender inequality, and offers other possibilities that Okin could have pursued instead that sustain her strong commitment to liberalism.

scholarly journals REORIENTASI DAYA TAWAR PERAN PEREMPUAN DALAM RUANG PUBLIK PADA RANAH ORGANISASI SOSIAL ISLAM

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Imam Amrusi Jailani
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Sexual Relationship ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Social Conventions ◽  
Sexual Division ◽  
Sexual Division Of Labor ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Observing the relationship between men and women, actually recognized the existence of two relationships that are connotative be distinguished, that, sexual relations and gender relations. Sexual relationship is the relationship between men and women based on the demands and biological categories. Whereas gender relations is a concept and a different social reality, in which the sexual division of labor between men and women is not based on an understanding of normative and biological categories, but on the quality, skills, and roles based on social conventions. Thus, the concepts and manifestations of gender relations more dynamic and has the flexibility to consider psycho-social variables were developed. Based on this understanding, it could be someone who is biologically classified as a woman, but from the point of gender may play a role as a man or vice versa. Therefore, we need to reorient the roles of women, especially their involvement in the organization of the Islamic community, which often marginalized.

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