Maintenance of cultural diversity: Social roles, social networks, and cognitive networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Cognitive Networks ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Cultural Traits ◽  
Maintenance Of Diversity

AbstractSmaldino suggests that patterns that give rise to group-level cultural traits can also increase individual-level cultural diversity. I distinguish social roles and related social network structures and discuss ways in which each might maintain diversity. I suggest that cognitive analogs of “cohesion,” a property of networks that helps maintenance of diversity, might mediate the effects of social roles on diversity.

Factors Affecting Individual Level ERP Assimilation in a Social Network Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luan Gao ◽  
Luning Liu ◽  
Yuqiang Feng
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Interactive Learning ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social

Prior research on ERP assimilation has primarily focused on influential factors at the organizational level. In this study, the authors attempt to extend their understanding of individual level ERP assimilation from the perspective of social network theory. They designed a multi-case study to explore the relations between ERP users' social networks and their levels of ERP assimilation based on the three dimensions of the social networks. The authors gathered data through interviews with 26 ERP users at different levels in five companies. Qualitative analysis was used to understand the effects of social networks and interactive learning. They found that users' social networks play a significant role in individual level ERP assimilation through interactive learning among users. They also found five key factors that facilitate users' assimilation of ERP knowledge: homophily (age, position and rank), tie content (instrumental and expressive ties), tie strength, external ties, and centrality.

Simulating Social Network Formation

2011 ◽  
pp. 581-599
Author(s):  
Robert Gilles ◽  
Tabitha James ◽  
Reza Barkhi ◽  
Dimitrios Diamantaras
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Agent Behavior ◽  
Graph Theoretic ◽  
Model And Simulation ◽  
Graph Theoretic Models

Social networks depict complex systems as graph theoretic models. The study of the formation of such systems (or networks) and the subsequent analysis of the network structures are of great interest. For information systems research and its impact on business practice, the ability to model and simulate a system of individuals interacting to achieve a certain socio-economic goal holds much promise for proper design and use of cyber networks. We use case-based decision theory to formulate a customizable model of information gathering in a social network. In this model, the agents in the network have limited awareness of the social network in which they operate and of the fixed, underlying payoff structure. Agents collect payoff information from neighbors within the prevailing social network, and they base their networking decisions on this information. Along with the introduction of the decision theoretic model, we developed software to simulate the formation of such networks in a customizable context to examine how the network structure can be influenced by the parameters that define social relationships. We present computational experiments that illustrate the growth and stability of the simulated social networks ensuing from the proposed model. The model and simulation illustrates how network structure influences agent behavior in a social network and how network structures, agent behavior, and agent decisions influence each other.

scholarly journals Understanding the Social Networks That Form within the Context of an Obesity Prevention Intervention

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina B. Gesell ◽  
Kimberly D. Bess ◽  
Shari L. Barkin
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
School Readiness ◽  
Obesity Prevention ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Group Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Child Bmi ◽  
Social Network Formation

Background. Antiobesity interventions have generally failed. Research now suggests that interventions must be informed by an understanding of the social environment.Objective. To examine if new social networks form between families participating in a group-level pediatric obesity prevention trial.Methods. Latino parent-preschool child dyads (N=79) completed the 3-month trial. The intervention met weekly in consistent groups to practice healthy lifestyles. The control met monthly in inconsistent groups to learn about school readiness. UCINET and SIENA were used to examine network dynamics.Results. Children’s mean age was 4.2 years (SD=0.9), and 44% were overweight/obese (BMI≥85th percentile). Parents were predominantly mothers (97%), with a mean age of 31.4 years (SD=5.4), and 81% were overweight/obese (BMI≥25). Over the study, a new social network evolved among participating families. Parents selectively formed friendship ties based on child BMI z-score, (t=2.08;P<.05). This reveals the tendency for mothers to form new friendships with mothers whose children have similar body types.Discussion. Participating in a group-level intervention resulted in new social network formation. New ties were greatest with mothers who had children of similar body types. This finding might contribute to the known inability of parents to recognize child overweight.

scholarly journals Neural and social correlates of attitudinal brokerage: using the complete social networks of two entire villages

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1944) ◽  
pp. 20202866
Author(s):  
Yoosik Youm ◽  
Junsol Kim ◽  
Seyul Kwak ◽  
Jeanyung Chey
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Brain

To avoid polarization and maintain small-worldness in society, people who act as attitudinal brokers are critical. These people maintain social ties with people who have dissimilar and even incompatible attitudes. Based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging ( n = 139) and the complete social networks from two Korean villages ( n = 1508), we investigated the individual-level neural capacity and social-level structural opportunity for attitudinal brokerage regarding gender role attitudes. First, using a connectome-based predictive model, we successfully identified the brain functional connectivity that predicts attitudinal diversity of respondents' social network members. Brain regions that contributed most to the prediction included mentalizing regions known to be recruited in reading and understanding others’ belief states. This result was corroborated by leave-one-out cross-validation, fivefold cross-validation and external validation where the brain connectivity identified in one village was used to predict the attitudinal diversity in another independent village. Second, the association between functional connectivity and attitudinal diversity of social network members was contingent on a specific position in a social network, namely, the structural brokerage position where people have ties with two people who are not otherwise connected.

Simulating Social Network Formation

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gilles ◽  
Tabitha James ◽  
Reza Barkhi ◽  
Dimitrios Diamantaras
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Agent Behavior ◽  
Graph Theoretic ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Model And Simulation

Social networks depict complex systems as graph theoretic models. The study of the formation of such systems (or networks) and the subsequent analysis of the network structures are of great interest. For information systems research and its impact on business practice, the ability to model and simulate a system of individuals interacting to achieve a certain socio-economic goal holds much promise for proper design and use of cyber networks. We use case-based decision theory to formulate a customizable model of information gathering in a social network. In this model, the agents in the network have limited awareness of the social network in which they operate and of the fixed, underlying payoff structure. Agents collect payoff information from neighbors within the prevailing social network, and they base their networking decisions on this information. Along with the introduction of the decision theoretic model, we developed software to simulate the formation of such networks in a customizable context to examine how the network structure can be influenced by the parameters that define social relationships. We present computational experiments that illustrate the growth and stability of the simulated social networks ensuing from the proposed model. The model and simulation illustrates how network structure influences agent behavior in a social network and how network structures, agent behavior, and agent decisions influence each other.

scholarly journals Knockouts of high-ranking males have limited impact on baboon social networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Franz ◽  
Jeanne Altmann ◽  
Susan C. Alberts
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Term Data

Abstract Social network structures can crucially impact complex social processes such as collective behaviour or the transmission of information and diseases. However, currently it is poorly understood how social networks change over time. Previous studies on primates suggest that ‘knockouts’ (due to death or dispersal) of high-ranking individuals might be important drivers for structural changes in animal social networks. Here we test this hypothesis using long-term data on a natural population of baboons, examining the effects of 29 natural knockouts of alpha or beta males on adult female social networks. We investigated whether and how knockouts affected (1) changes in grooming and association rates among adult females, and (2) changes in mean degree and global clustering coefficient in these networks. The only significant effect that we found was a decrease in mean degree in grooming networks in the first month after knockouts, but this decrease was rather small, and grooming networks rebounded to baseline levels by the second month after knockouts. Taken together our results indicate that the removal of high-ranking males has only limited or no lasting effects on social networks of adult female baboons. This finding calls into question the hypothesis that the removal of high-ranking individuals has a destabilizing effect on social network structures in social animals.

Networks of Co-Authorship

2012 ◽  
pp. 981-994
Author(s):  
Antonio José Caulliraux Pithon ◽  
Ralfh Varges Ansuattigui ◽  
Paulo Enrique Stecklow
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject

The networks are transorganizational arrangements forming a structure and, in a more abstract and generic manner, are built from the interactions between individuals and organizations. These interactions allow the emergence of network structures more related to personal ties and the types of existing social interactions between the actors. Social networks aren’t a recent enterprise, but have been the subject of deeper studies due to universalization and convergence of communication processes, fundamental to the establishment and proliferation of networks. The structure where networks are manifested calls for horizontality, where there is no formal hierarchy of the elements that comprise it, composed by nodes elements and lines elements. This article analyzes the social network of authorship of one of five Postgraduate Programs of CEFET/RJ, presenting the connections between network teachers, justifying the morphological characteristics of the network and suggesting methodologies for continuing the study for the teaching and researching networks.

Social Networks in Gangs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian L. Bolden ◽  
Reneé Lamphere
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Network Media ◽  
The Individual

Social networks in gangs refers to both a theoretical and methodological framework. Research within this perspective challenges the idea of gangs as organized hierarchies, suggesting instead that gangs are semi-structured or loosely knit networks and that actions are more accurately related to network subgroupings than to gangs as a whole. The situated location of individuals within a network creates social capital and the fluidity for members to move beyond the boundaries of the group, cooperating and positively interacting with members of rival gangs. Before the millennium, the use of social network analysis as a method to study gangs was rare, but it has since increased in popularity, becoming a regular part of the gang research canon. Gang networks can be studied at the group level and the individual level and can be used for intervention strategies. The concept of gangs as social networks is sometimes confused with social networking sites or social media, which encompasses its own rich and evolving array of gang research. Gang members use social networking sites for instrumental, expressive, and consumer purposes. While the use of network media allows for gang cultural dissemination, it simultaneously allows law enforcement to track gang activity.

Codiffusion of Technologies in Social Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-228
Author(s):  
Natalia Lazzati
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Diffusion Process ◽  
Technology Diffusion ◽  
Consideration Sets ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Over Time

This paper studies the diffusion process of two complementary technologies among people who are connected through a social network. It characterizes adoption rates over time for different initial allocations and network structures. In doing so, we provide some microfoundations for the stochastic formation of consideration sets. We are particularly interested in the following question: suppose we want to maximize technology diffusion and have a limited number of units of each of the two technologies to initially distribute—how should we allocate these units among people in the social network? (JEL D83, O33, Z13)

scholarly journals Testosterone-mediated behavior shapes the emergent properties of social networks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roslyn Dakin ◽  
Ignacio T. Moore ◽  
Brent M. Horton ◽  
Ben J. Vernasco ◽  
T. Brandt Ryder
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Dynamics ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
List Type ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Social Network Dynamics

AbstractSocial networks can vary in their organization and dynamics, with implications for ecological and evolutionary processes. Understanding the mechanisms that drive social network dynamics requires integrating individual-level biology with comparisons across multiple social networks.Testosterone is a key mediator of vertebrate social behavior and can influence how individuals interact with social partners. Although the effects of testosterone on individual behavior are well established, no study has examined whether hormone-mediated behavior can scale up to shape the emergent properties of social networks.We investigated the relationship between testosterone and social network dynamics in the wire-tailed manakin, a lekking bird species in which male-male social interactions form complex social networks. We used an automated proximity system to longitudinally monitor several leks and we quantified the social network structure at each lek. Our analysis examines three emergent properties of the networks: social specialization (the extent to which a network is partitioned into exclusive partnerships), network stability (the overall persistence of partnerships through time), and behavioral assortment (the tendency for like to associate with like). All three properties are expected to promote the evolution of cooperation. As the predictor, we analyzed the collective testosterone of males within each social network.Social networks that were composed of high-testosterone dominant males were less specialized, less stable, and had more negative behavioral assortment, after accounting for other factors. These results support our main hypothesis that individual-level hormone physiology can predict group-level network dynamics. We also observed that larger leks with more interacting individuals had more positive behavioral assortment, suggesting that small groups may constrain the processes of homophily and behavior-matching.Overall, these results provide evidence that hormone-mediated behavior can shape the broader architecture of social groups. Groups with high average testosterone exhibit social network properties that are predicted to impede the evolution of cooperation.

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