Divorcing the puzzles: When group identities foster in-group cooperation

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Seewald ◽  
Stefanie Hechler ◽  
Thomas Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
Common Group ◽  
High Level ◽  
Alternative Identities

AbstractWe argue that general social psychological mechanisms (e.g., common group identity) can account for prosocial behavior and cooperative norms without the need for punishing Big Gods. Moreover, prosocial religions often do not prevent conflict within their religious groups. Hence, we doubt whether Big Gods and prosocial religions are more effective than alternative identities in enhancing high-level cooperation.

The Politics and Effects of Religious Grievance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Muchlinski
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Religious Violence ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Group ◽  
Religious Resources

Despite international guarantees to respect religious freedom, governments around the world often impose substantial restrictions on the abilities of some religious groups to openly practice their faith. These regulations on religious freedom are often justified to promote social stability. However, research has demonstrated a positive correlation between restrictions on religious freedom and religious violence. This violence is often thought to be a result of grievances arising from the denial of a religious group’s right to openly practice its faith. These grievances encourage violence by (a) encouraging a sense of common group identity, (b) encouraging feelings of hostility toward groups imposing those regulations, and (c) facilitating the mobilization of religious resources for political violence.

scholarly journals Active pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine groups: Their group identities and attitudes toward science

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261648
Author(s):  
Józef Maciuszek ◽  
Mateusz Polak ◽  
Katarzyna Stasiuk ◽  
Dariusz Doliński
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Online Discussion ◽  
Attitudes Toward Science ◽  
General Science ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
Group Members

Vaccine rejection is a problem severely impacting the global society, especially considering the COVID-19 outbreak. The need to understand the psychological mechanisms underlying the active involvement of the pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine movements is therefore very important both from a theoretical and practical perspective. This paper investigates the group identities of people with positive and negative attitudes towards vaccination, and their attitudes toward general science. A targeted sample study of 192 pro-vaccine and 156 anti-vaccine group members showed that the group identity of pro-vaccine individuals is higher than of anti-vaccine individuals. and that both pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine individuals had a positive attitude toward science. Results are discussed in context of the heterogeneity of motivations causing vaccine rejection and the relation between active involvement in online discussion and group identity.

The Origins of Political Trust in East Asian Democracies: Psychological, Cultural, and Institutional Arguments

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
EUNJUNG CHOI ◽  
JONGSEOK WOO
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Different Sources

AbstractWhile the importance of social and political trust has been well documented, there is a lack of scholarly consensus over where trust originates. This article tests three theoretical arguments – social-psychological, social-cultural, and political institutional – on the origin of political trust against three East Asian democracies (Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan). The empirical analysis from the AsiaBarometer survey illustrates that political institutional theory best explains the origin of political trust in East Asian cases. Citizens of these East Asian democracies have a high level of political trust when they believe that their governments perform well in management of the national economy and political representation of elected officials. Meanwhile, social-psychological and social-cultural theories explain the origins of social trust, but not political trust. The evidence reveals that socially trusting people are not automatically politically trusting; social trust and political trust originate from different sources and do not transform from one to the other.

Cooperation in Microcredit Borrowing Groups: Identity, Sanctions, and Reciprocity in the Production of Collective Goods

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Anthony
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Social Dilemma ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
Collective Goods ◽  
Distinct Process ◽  
Natural Laboratory ◽  
Over Time

Cooperation to produce collective goods is widespread in society, and yet so is its failure. Theorists have identified competing mechanisms for facilitating group cooperation, including group identity, sanctions and reciprocity. Here I use empirical data to explore how these mechanisms influence cooperation in the natural laboratory of microcredit borrowing groups. Microcredit makes loans to high-risk borrowers through borrowing groups in which individuals' access to credit is dependent on the behavior of other members of the group, thereby creating a social dilemma for members and an opportunity to observe cooperation in real world groups. By analyzing both collective goods production (loans) and compliance (repayment), I find that the competing mechanisms have differential effects. Group identity, sanctions and reciprocity are all associated with more borrowing in the group. Only reciprocity, however, limits loan delinquency and is associated with group longevity, suggesting both that collective goods production is a distinct process from group compliance over time, and that reciprocity may be an important mechanism in both processes. I discuss how these findings contribute to our understanding of group cooperation, as well as the implications for the related theoretical concept of embeddedness.

scholarly journals Giving to versus Taking from In- and Out-Group Members

Games ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Alt ◽  
Carlo Gallier ◽  
Achim Schlüter ◽  
Katherine Nelson ◽  
Eva Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Minimal Group Paradigm ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Full Factorial

In this experiment, we test whether subjects’ responses to variations in the action set in a dictator game depends on induced group identities. The action set includes choices in which the dictator can either give money to or take money from the other player. As an extension to the anonymous setting, we introduce induced group identities using the minimal group paradigm. Based on a dictator game conducted with more than 300 students in Indonesia, we implement a full factorial design in order to analyze the framing of the action set in a varied cultural context and to examine varied prevalence of social norms given a group identity context. If group identity is not salient, we find that participants are slightly more generous when they have an opportunity to give to rather than to take from the recipient. However, when participants are matched with in-group members, this result is reversed and highly significant. The result of differing responses to framing effects in within-group interactions compared to a neutral setting are largely ascribed to the varied compliance with existing social norms.

Norm Enforcement in Markets: Group Identity and the Volunteering of Feedback

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 (629) ◽  
pp. 1248-1261
Author(s):  
Gary E Bolton ◽  
Johannes Mans ◽  
Axel Ockenfels
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Home Market ◽  
Feedback Information ◽  
Norm Enforcement ◽  
Common Group ◽  
Market Experiment ◽  
Market Identity

Abstract The provision of trader feedback is critical to the functioning of many markets. We examine the influence of group identity on the volunteering and informativeness of feedback. In a market experiment conducted simultaneously in Germany and the United States, we manipulate the interaction of traders based on natural social and induced home market identities. Traders are more likely to provide feedback information on a trader with whom they share a common group identity, and the effect is more pronounced for social identity than for home market identity. Both kinds of group identity promote rewarding good performance and punishing bad performance.

Local Origins: Context, Group Identity, and Politics of Place

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 960-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Wilcox-Archuleta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opinion Poll ◽  
Politics Of Place ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Registered Voters

In-group identity is particularly important in understanding political behavior among minority populations living in the United States. Despite its importance, we know relativity little about what explains variation in perceptions of group identity among U.S.-based minority groups. I develop a theoretical framework drawing extensively for social identity theory to explain development of in-group identities among Latinos in the United States. I suggest the availability of neighborhood-level ethnic stimuli increases the likelihood that Latinos will come to see themselves a part of pan-ethnic group rather than a unique individual. I use the 2008 Collaborative Multi-Racial Political Survey (CMPS), a nationally representative public opinion poll of registered voters with oversamples of Latino respondents. I find that the availability of ethnic stimuli positively associates with stronger perceptions of group identity among Latinos. Latinos who live in contexts rich with ethnic stimuli and cues are more likely to adopt in-group identities than those who live in environments lacking ethnically salient resources.

Sports Teams and Their Communities: Examining the Influence of External Group Identities on Team Identity

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Heere ◽  
Jeffrey D. James
Keyword(s):  
Group Identity ◽  
Identity Theory ◽  
Team Identity ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
External Group ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
Sports Team

Group identity theory suggests that fans of sports teams see themselves as members of an organization, not just consumers of a product. To foster greater loyalty toward a sports team, managers should concentrate on strengthening fans’ team identity. One way to accomplish this goal is to recognize that a team identity is more than an association with a collection of athletes and coaches or an association with other fans. A team identity can also be symbolic of other types of group identities. Two main types of external group identities are demographic categories and membership organizations. Identifying the external group identities that a sports team is believed to represent and then aligning more closely with key external group identities provides managers with an opportunity to strengthen fans’ team identity and, consequently, their loyalty to a team.

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