The Politics of Economic Policy and Performance in Latin America

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Remmer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Electoral Competition ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Policy Choice ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

This study explores variations in macroeconomic policy and performance in contemporary Latin America on the basis of a theoretical model that emphasizes the complex interplay of partisan control of the government, labor strength, and electoral competition. The plausibility of the model is assessed on the basis of a cross-national time series analysis of economic policy choice and performance in nineteen nations. Contrary to the view that internationalization of the world economy leaves limited room for domestic actors and institutions to influence public policy, the findings suggest that macroeconomic performance in contemporary Latin America reflects eminently political processes of policy formation shaped by partisanship, electoral competition, and union strength. The study thereby points to the broader relevance of the literature on the political economy of the advanced industrial democracies, which has emphasized the impact of domestic political institutions, particularly political parties and trade unions, on policy choice and performance.

Centripetal Democratic Governance: A Theory and Global Inquiry

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN GERRING ◽  
STROM C. THACKER ◽  
CAROLA MORENO
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Constitutional Level ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dominant Paradigm

Why are some democratic governments more successful than others? What impact do various political institutions have on the quality of governance? This paper develops and tests a new theory of democratic governance. This theory, which we label centripetalism, stands in contrast to the dominant paradigm of decentralism. The centripetal theory of governance argues that democratic institutions work best when they are able to reconcile the twin goals of centralized authority and broad inclusion. At the constitutional level, our theory argues that unitary, parliamentary, and list-PR systems (as opposed to decentralized federal, presidential, and nonproportional ones) help promote both authority and inclusion, and therefore better governance outcomes. We test the theory by examining the impact of centripetalism on eight indicators of governance that range across the areas of state capacity, economic policy and performance, and human development. Results are consistent with the theory and robust to a variety of specifications.

scholarly journals How Do Political Features Influence the Co-Production of Government Projects? A Case Study of a Medium-Sized Chinese City

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7600
Author(s):  
Wenting Ma ◽  
Rui Mu ◽  
Martin de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Chinese City ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
Political Background ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Western Experience ◽  
The Impact

Co-production is a solution by which the government provides public services. Co-production theory is built upon Western experience and currently focuses on the types of co-production in different policy stages, the barriers and governance strategies for co-production. However, little attention is paid to how political background will influence the co-production process. To fill the gap, we analyzed a case of co-production that occurred in China, and we characterized the political background as consisting of three main political features: political mobility, central–local relations, and performance measurement. Based on an in-depth case study of a government project in a medium-sized Chinese city, the impact and the changes of political features affecting governmental projects in different co-production stages are analyzed and assessed. We find that political features play a critical role in the co-production of China’s large government projects and may separately and jointly affect co-production. Government performance measurement affects the co-design and co-implementation of projects. Political mobility and changes in local government and performance measurement also affect the co-implementation continuity of the project. Political focus affects the co-design of projects. Central-local relations influence the support from higher government and the actual practices of lower government in the co-implementation stage.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on indigenous contractors in a developing economy

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Ayinde Olatunde ◽  
Imoleayo Abraham Awodele ◽  
Bosede Olajumoke Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Additional Cost ◽  
Developing Economy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Construction Contracts ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on indigenous contractors in a developing economy with a view to enhancing their performance. Design/methodology/approach The study used a purposive sampling technique to select 37 indigenous contractors with ongoing construction contracts in Osun State, Nigeria who provided data for the study. A structured interview protocol was used to elicit the required information from the interviewees and frequency, percentage and content analysis were used for data analysis. Findings The results showed that the critical impact of COVID-19 on indigenous contractors in a developing economy is: time overrun, loss of profit and creation of dispute. Further results showed that other impacts are a disruption in supply of labour, locally sourced materials are with additional cost, the additional cost of implementing COVID-19 protocols, difficulty in sourcing imported materials and absence of new jobs with the corresponding retrenchment of workers. Practical implications The study recommended special palliatives for the indigenous contractors from the government so as to cushion the impact of the pandemic on them, thereby enhance their survival and performance. A special arbitration panel is set up in each state of the federation to look at disputes arising from the aftermath of the pandemic, this is with a view to adequately compensate indigenous contractors with genuine and properly compiled claims. inferring from the findings of the study, it suffices to say that the severity of the impact of the pandemic is very high on indigenous contractors in developing economies, as such a better preparedness strategy could lessen the impact of such pandemic in the future. Originality/value The study is an attempt to unearth the impact of COVID-19 on indigenous contractors with ongoing construction contracts in a developing economy. The study will be of value to construction stakeholders in providing the information needed to devise strategies to minimise the impact of a pandemic on indigenous contractors in future projects thereby enhance their performance.

Trolls Just Want To Have Fun

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shefali Virkar
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Government

Over the last two decades, public confidence and trust in Government has declined visibly in several Western liberal democracies owing to a distinct lack of opportunities for citizen participation in political processes; and has instead given way instead to disillusionment with current political institutions, actors, and practices. The rise of the Internet as a global communications medium and the advent of digital platforms has opened up huge opportunities and raised new challenges for public institutions and agencies, with digital technology creating new forms of community; empowering citizens and reforming existing power structures in a way that has rendered obsolete or inappropriate many of the tools and processes of traditional democratic politics. Through an analysis of the No. 10 Downing Street ePetitions Initiative based in the United Kingdom, this article seeks to engage with issues related to the innovative use of network technology by Government to involve citizens in policy processes within existing democratic frameworks in order to improve administration, to reform democratic processes, and to renew citizen trust in institutions of governance. In particular, the work seeks to examine whether the application of the new Information and Communication Technologies to participatory democracy in the Government 2.0 era would eventually lead to radical transformations in government functioning, policymaking, and the body politic, or merely to modest, unspectacular political reform and to the emergence of technology-based, obsessive-compulsive pathologies and Internet-based trolling behaviours amongst individuals in society.

scholarly journals Implementation of Finger Print Electronic Absental Policy on Discipline and Performance of Civil Servants in The Government Office of Seluma Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
Dian Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Finger Print ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Descriptive Method

Describe the implementation of the fingerprint electronic absence policy on the discipline and performance of civil servants as well as the impact it has on implementing the fingerprint electronic absence policy. Qualitative descriptive method describes various conditions and situations as the object of research. The data collection techniques used were observation, documentation and interviews. After the implementation of fingerprint electronic attendance, discipline increases and obligations as employees have been carried out in accordance with applicable regulations. The application of sanctions in the regional government of seluma regency is in accordance with the regulations of civil servants and the provision of rewards for employees who excel has been carried out properly, to inspire other employees, so that they can work better.  

Integration of Manufacturing, Science and Education as a Basis for the Re-Industrialization of Russia

2015 ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
S. Bodrunov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Domestic Industry ◽  
Technological Basis ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Manufacturing Science

The article investigates the problems that Russian industry has encountered during the period of economic reforms. The author explores the reasons for the competitiveness decrease and contradictions that hinder the modernization of the domestic industry. Based on the analysis the principal concept is posed of the need in the implementation of the strategy of re-industrialization in Russia on a new technological basis. The basic directions of re-industrialization, the mechanisms of its implementation, as well as the impact on import substitution are considered. Substantial attention is paid to the risks inherent in a re-industrialization of Russia and the ways to overcome them. In recent years, geo-political and geo-economic challenges to the Russian economy and society greatly exacerbated the contradictions that emerged in the previous decades of economic evolution. During a long period of time the country tried to implement an economic policy intended, in principle, at achieving the strategic goal of creating a modern socially-oriented market economy on the base of modernization. However, the practical tools for implementation of this course – first of all, the ideology of “market fundamentalism” combined with the remaining powerful black market and “hand steering” by the government – caused stagnation and further de-industrialization of the country with inevitably negative implications for the manufacturing, science, education, human capital. Most recently, the Russian economy faced additional problems, namely, the Western sanctions, world economic slump and decline in world oil prices. That is why significant changes in the objectives and tools of economic policy are so urgent.

Presidential Institutions and Electoral Participation in Concurrent Elections in Latin America

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Carreras
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Electoral Participation ◽  
Electoral Rules ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Concurrent Elections

Previous studies of voter turnout in Latin America have found weak and inconsistent evidence for the link between political institutions and electoral participation. In this article, I use data from an expanded dataset of voter turnout in Latin America (1980–2016) to show that institutions do have an impact on citizens’ decisions on whether or not to participate in concurrent elections. Whereas previous studies analyzed the effect of legislative institutions on voter turnout, this article estimates a series of models that demonstrate the impact of presidential institutions and the political context surrounding presidential elections on electoral participation. The findings suggest that when first-order (presidential) and second-order (legislative) elections take place concurrently, electoral participation is influenced primarily by presidential institutions (term length, presidential powers, and electoral rules) and the electoral context in which the presidential elections take place (effective number of presidential candidates).

The economic policy of the self-proclaimed 4th transformation in Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Jorge Alberto López Arévalo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
The Self ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
The Government

The government of Andrés Manuel López Obrador set off many expectations in Mexico and in Latin America about a change of course for Mexico, it was thought that the ne-oliberal economic policy that had characterized Mexico since 1983 would be left be-hind. In 1983 Mexico undertook a structural change in its economy, characterized by three basic aspects: the consolidation of public finances; privatization of public compa-nies; trade liberalization. This economic policy remains on its basic foundations and the results are being aggravated by the Covid-19 pandemic. Currently a roadmap that leads to dismantling the neoliberal model in Mexico is nowhere to be seen, even though it is lashed out and held responsible for the country's economic, political and social problems almost every day.

scholarly journals Max Weber’s Analysis of Plebiscitary Leadership and the Debate on Multiple Modernities

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
M.V. Maslovskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Multiple Modernities ◽  
Sociological Tradition ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

The article considers Max Weber’s model of plebiscitary leadership and historical examples of plebiscitary democracy. It is argued that there is no clear distinction between plebiscitary democracy and dictatorship inWeber’s writings. As Stefan Breuer demonstrates, such a distinction allows us to broaden the application of Weberian concepts. Plebiscitary elements can be seen in the political life of non-Western states, which have been discussed from the multiple modernities perspective. However, while that perspective develops the Weberian sociological tradition, its representatives mostly do not use the concept of plebiscitary leadership. Thus, Shmuel Eisenstadt draws primarily on Weber’s sociology of religion in his analysis of different types of modernity. Specifically, Eisenstadt considers the impact of civilizational legacies on political processes in India and Latin America. Peter Wagner discusses the relevance of Weber’s rationalization thesis and theory of capitalism rather than the concepts of Weberian political sociology. In his study of democratization in Brazil and South Africa, Wagner emphasizes the progressive character of political changes but does not consider the possibility of a reversal of these processes. The article argues that the contemporary reconstruction of Weber’s model of plebiscitary leadership can complement the analyses of democratization in non-Western societies from the multiple modernities perspective.

scholarly journals DAMPAK COVID TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN SECARA MAKRO

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Indri Arrafi Juliannisa ◽  
Nunuk Triwahyuningtyas ◽  
Charia Roswita
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Business Continuity ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Incentive Policies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Ticket Prices ◽  
The Impact

The spread of the Corona virus that has spread to various parts of the world has an impact on the Indonesian economy, both in terms of trade, investment and tourism. In Indonesia, the spread of this virus began on March 2, 2020, many sectors of the economy were affected by this pandemic. Thousands of companies were forced to temporarily close to limit the spread of the virus, resulting in reduced levels of activity in the arts, entertainment and recreation, as well as in real estate agencies and IT companies, however, there are some sectors of the economy that are still able to survive. If we compare it in the gold trading sector, the data shows a large increase in the estimated price for 2020 ytd of US $ 1,830 / troys ounce, even the prediction of the average price in 2021 also shows a constant increasing number. This is what has made the gold business popular because many people consider the price of gold to be more stable during this pandemic. Now the government is trying to open several business sectors and continues to encourage SMEs to carry out online activities, but still in the regions and gradually increase tax revenue. In order to maintain business continuity that saves the national economy, the government has implemented various socio-economic policy programs, including incentive policies and tax facilities that can be utilized by taxpayers. In order to maintain business continuity that saves the national economy, the government has implemented various socio-economic policy programs, including incentive policies and tax facilities that can be utilized by taxpayers. The government has also provided a policy on interest rates and airplane ticket prices so that people are still interested in visiting several discount cities for tourist destinations due to the existence of Covid-19 which has greatly impacted the tourism sector. The crisis due to Covid-19 is currently occurring simultaneously, so that the impact is felt by vulnerable groups who are getting worse, including business groups that need mass crowds, groups of casual daily workers, street vendors, workers affected by layoffs, farmers, the community poor, and so on.

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