Perceptions of Crime and Fear of Victimisation Among Elderly People

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan H. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
United States Of America ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perceptions Of Crime

ABSTRACTMost of the research into fear of crime among the elderly has been conducted in the United States of America particularly during the past ten years. This paper begins by summarising the major findings which have emerged from this work. Attention is then turned to similar studies which have recently been undertaken in Britain. The findings from a small sample survey of elderly residents in a town in the south of England are then reported. In discussing the data obtained from eighty interviews fear of crime is considered in relation to perceptions of crime, the amount of social contact residents have with relatives, friends and neighbours and the nature and quality of the immediate residential environment.

Weighting of Votes in an International Assembly

1944 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1192-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis B. Sohn
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
World Government ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
World Organization ◽  
The Right

All the plans for future world organization, whether they envisage a world government or are limited to providing agencies for better collaboration between the peoples of the world, are built around two main conceptions—a small council and a larger assembly. But the different plans disagree widely upon the powers and the make-up of these bodies. The purpose of the present article is to analyze the difficulties relating to the structure of the larger body, the assembly, and to outline a tentative method for surmounting them.The structure of the different international organizations existing in the past was based on two principles: equality of representation and unanimity. That meant, first of all, that in the assemblies of nations the United States of America (population, 131 million) and Luxemburg (population, 300 thousand) had the right of equal representation. For instance, in the Conferences of the International Labor Organization, both countries have been equally entitled to appoint four delegates. Secondly, when an international assembly has tried to arrive at a Decision, not only the largest but also the smallest country could block such a Decision by casting a negative vote. While sometimes a little country has been forcibly persuaded to abandon its opposition, in many instances small countries have been able to frustrate the efforts of international assemblies and conferences otherwise unanimous.

«Love Rejoices in Truth …»: to the 20th anniversary of the journal «Solovyov Studies»

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-24
Author(s):  
M.V. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
United States Of America ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
The United States ◽  
Information Support ◽  
The Past ◽  
20Th Anniversary ◽  
Student Projects

This essay presents a description of the scholarly events commemorating the 20th anniversary of the journal “Solovyov Studies”. It gives an overview of the exhibition "20 years of the journal “Solovyov Studies”: 2001–2021," prepared by the editorial board of the journal together with the Library of the ISPU. It highlights a variety of the sections of the exposition and the materials presented, reflecting the development of the journal over two decades, the composition of its editorial board, including authoritative experts from Russia, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, the United States of America, Ukraine, and France. The reader’s attention is drawn to the information about the journal's position in various ratings schemes, both domestic and foreign, and citation indices, the share of publications by foreign authors and their geographical location, as well as the number of journal-views over the past five years. The article shows the role of scientific communications in the development of the journal, Information is given on the participation of the editorial board in international scientific events, on publications devoted to the journal and its presentations in Russian and foreign publications, universities and research centers. The article describes the Solovyov seminar’s cultural and student projects, which received substantial content and information support from “Solovyov Studies”. The level of interest of the scientific community in the journal is also noted.

scholarly journals Features of the clinical course of cardiovascular pathology on the background of thyrotoxicosis

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Course ◽  
Endemic Goiter ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Early Complications ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cardiac Symptoms ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Frequent Absence

Relevance of the topicofthyroid diseases is duetothein crease in their number in the world and in Ukraine inparticular over the past 5 years, as well as the fact that the total frequency of various forms of thyroid pathology, even outside the zones of endemic goiter, is about 20% of the total morbidity. On the example of a clinical case, the question of diagnostics, management tactics and features of the clinical course of cardiovascular pathology on the background of thyrotoxicosis in the absence of adequate therapy for a long time are considered. Thyrotoxicosis leads to the occurrence of early complications of the cardiovascular system, which determine the further prognosis of the patient’s quality of life. The heart effects of Thyrotoxicosisare most dangerous for the elderly, and they (the heart effects of Thyrotoxicosis) often dominate the clinical picture in them (the elderly). Difficulties in their diagnosis are due, among other things, to the frequent absence of ophthalmopathy. When atrial fibrillation develops, the presence of cardiac symptoms may increase, indicating an accelerated development of heart failure. Therefore, the management of patients with cardiovascular disease on the background of thyrotoxicosis has its own peculiarities, which should be taken into account during treatment.

scholarly journals The Value of Citizen Science in Increasing Our Knowledge of Under-Sampled Biodiversity: An Overview of Public Documentation of Auchenorrhyncha and the Hoppers of North Carolina

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle D. Kittelberger ◽  
Solomon V. Hendrix ◽  
Çağan Hakkı Şekercioğlu
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
The United States ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Due to the increasing popularity of websites specializing in nature documentation, there has been a surge in the number of people enthusiastic about observing and documenting nature over the past 2 decades. These citizen scientists are recording biodiversity on unprecedented temporal and spatial scales, rendering data of tremendous value to the scientific community. In this study, we investigate the role of citizen science in increasing knowledge of global biodiversity through the examination of notable contributions to the understanding of the insect suborder Auchenorrhyncha, also known as true hoppers, in North America. We have compiled a comprehensive summary of citizen science contributions—published and unpublished—to the understanding of hopper diversity, finding over fifty previously unpublished country and state records as well as dozens of undescribed and potentially undescribed species. We compare citizen science contributions to those published in the literature as well as specimen records in collections in the United States and Canada, illuminating the fact that the copious data afforded by citizen science contributions are underutilized. We also introduce the website Hoppers of North Carolina, a revolutionary new benchmark for tracking hopper diversity, disseminating knowledge from the literature, and incorporating citizen science. Finally, we provide a series of recommendations for both the entomological community and citizen science platforms on how best to approach, utilize, and increase the quality of sightings from the general public.

scholarly journals Publication Trends on Mitophagy in the World and China: A 16-Year Bibliometric Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingli Chen ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Yifan Jia ◽  
Zhongyuan Xia ◽  
Jishi Ye
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Publication Trends ◽  
Quality Of Results ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World

In the past 16 years, research on mitophagy has increasingly expanded to a wider range of subjects. Therefore, comprehensively analyzing the relevant progress and development trends on mitophagy research requires specific methods. To assess the hotspots, directions, and quality of results in this field worldwide, we used multiple tools to examine research progress and growing trends in research on the matter during the last 16 years (from 2005 to 2020). We also compared the quantity and quality of the literature records on mitophagy published by research institutions in China and other developed countries, reviewed China’s contribution, and examined the gap between China and these developed countries. According to the results of our bibliometric analysis, the United States and its research institutes published the most papers. We identified cell biology as the most commonly researched subject on mitophagy and AUTOPHAGY as the most popular journal for research on mitophagy. We also listed the most cited documents from around the world and China. With gradually increased funding, China is progressively becoming prominent in the field of mitophagy; nevertheless, the gap between her and major countries in the world must be closed.

scholarly journals On Legislation as to Life Insurance and Life Insurance Companies

1871 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Sprague
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Assurance ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Law

The past session of Parliament has witnessed the passing of an Act for the regulation of Life Assurance Companies in the United Kingdom, which, while introducing great changes in the law, still stops very far short of the system of legislation which has been for several years in operation in a few of the United States of America, and which is warmly approved of and urgently recommended for adoption by some persons in this country. The present may therefore be considered a fitting time for reviewing what has been done and considering whether any further legislation is desirable, and if any, of what nature it should be.

Joint programmes in paediatric cardiothoracic surgery: a survey and descriptive analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (S2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. DeCampli
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perceived Success ◽  
Primary Hospital ◽  
Primary Institutions ◽  
Cardiac Surgeons ◽  
And Function

AbstractBackgroundJoint programmes, as opposed to regionalisation of paediatric cardiac care, may improve outcomes while preserving accessibility. We determined the prevalence and nature of joint programmes.MethodsWe sent an online survey to 125 paediatric cardiac surgeons in the United States in November, 2009 querying the past or present existence of a joint programme, its mission, structure, function, and perceived success.ResultsA total of 65 surgeon responses from 65 institutions met the criteria for inclusion. Of the 65 institutions, 22 currently or previously conducted a joint programme. Compared with primary institutions, partner institutions were less often children's hospitals (p = 0.0004), had fewer paediatric beds (p = 0.005), and performed fewer cardiac cases (p = 0.03). Approximately 47% of partner hospitals performed fewer than 50 cases per year. The median distance range between hospitals was 41–60 miles, ranging from 5 to 1000 miles. Approximately 54% of partner hospitals had no surgeon working primarily on-site, and 31% of the programmes conducted joint conferences. Approximately 67% of the programmes limited the complexity of cases at the partner hospital, and 83% of the programmes had formal contracts between hospitals. Of the six programmes whose main mission was to increase referrals to the primary hospital, three were felt to have failed. Of the nine programmes whose mission was to increase regional quality, eight were felt to be successful.ConclusionJoint programmes in paediatric cardiac surgery are common but are heterogeneous in structure and function. Programmes whose mission is to improve the quality of regional care seem more likely to succeed. Joint programmes may be a practical alternative to regionalisation to achieve better outcomes.

A Citizen's View of the Impact of Crime

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-332
Author(s):  
Julia D. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Corrosive Effect ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Direct Encounter ◽  
The Impact

What is the impact of crime on the average individual in this country? What is the impact of the fear of crime on the quality of life in the United States? These questions are addressed in this article not from the point of view of an expert, or of an official in the criminal justice system, or of a victim of crime, but from that of an average person whose experience has included no direct encounter with crime of any kind. Those who have been victims of crime and those affected even indirectly by criminal behavior will react, naturally, with predictable concern; crime also has discernible effects on the attitudes and behavior of people generally, and this impact in turn has a corrosive effect on the quality of life in America.

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