Joint programmes in paediatric cardiothoracic surgery: a survey and descriptive analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (S2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. DeCampli
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perceived Success ◽  
Primary Hospital ◽  
Primary Institutions ◽  
Cardiac Surgeons ◽  
And Function

AbstractBackgroundJoint programmes, as opposed to regionalisation of paediatric cardiac care, may improve outcomes while preserving accessibility. We determined the prevalence and nature of joint programmes.MethodsWe sent an online survey to 125 paediatric cardiac surgeons in the United States in November, 2009 querying the past or present existence of a joint programme, its mission, structure, function, and perceived success.ResultsA total of 65 surgeon responses from 65 institutions met the criteria for inclusion. Of the 65 institutions, 22 currently or previously conducted a joint programme. Compared with primary institutions, partner institutions were less often children's hospitals (p = 0.0004), had fewer paediatric beds (p = 0.005), and performed fewer cardiac cases (p = 0.03). Approximately 47% of partner hospitals performed fewer than 50 cases per year. The median distance range between hospitals was 41–60 miles, ranging from 5 to 1000 miles. Approximately 54% of partner hospitals had no surgeon working primarily on-site, and 31% of the programmes conducted joint conferences. Approximately 67% of the programmes limited the complexity of cases at the partner hospital, and 83% of the programmes had formal contracts between hospitals. Of the six programmes whose main mission was to increase referrals to the primary hospital, three were felt to have failed. Of the nine programmes whose mission was to increase regional quality, eight were felt to be successful.ConclusionJoint programmes in paediatric cardiac surgery are common but are heterogeneous in structure and function. Programmes whose mission is to improve the quality of regional care seem more likely to succeed. Joint programmes may be a practical alternative to regionalisation to achieve better outcomes.

scholarly journals The Value of Citizen Science in Increasing Our Knowledge of Under-Sampled Biodiversity: An Overview of Public Documentation of Auchenorrhyncha and the Hoppers of North Carolina

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle D. Kittelberger ◽  
Solomon V. Hendrix ◽  
Çağan Hakkı Şekercioğlu
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
The United States ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Due to the increasing popularity of websites specializing in nature documentation, there has been a surge in the number of people enthusiastic about observing and documenting nature over the past 2 decades. These citizen scientists are recording biodiversity on unprecedented temporal and spatial scales, rendering data of tremendous value to the scientific community. In this study, we investigate the role of citizen science in increasing knowledge of global biodiversity through the examination of notable contributions to the understanding of the insect suborder Auchenorrhyncha, also known as true hoppers, in North America. We have compiled a comprehensive summary of citizen science contributions—published and unpublished—to the understanding of hopper diversity, finding over fifty previously unpublished country and state records as well as dozens of undescribed and potentially undescribed species. We compare citizen science contributions to those published in the literature as well as specimen records in collections in the United States and Canada, illuminating the fact that the copious data afforded by citizen science contributions are underutilized. We also introduce the website Hoppers of North Carolina, a revolutionary new benchmark for tracking hopper diversity, disseminating knowledge from the literature, and incorporating citizen science. Finally, we provide a series of recommendations for both the entomological community and citizen science platforms on how best to approach, utilize, and increase the quality of sightings from the general public.

scholarly journals Publication Trends on Mitophagy in the World and China: A 16-Year Bibliometric Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingli Chen ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Yifan Jia ◽  
Zhongyuan Xia ◽  
Jishi Ye
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Publication Trends ◽  
Quality Of Results ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World

In the past 16 years, research on mitophagy has increasingly expanded to a wider range of subjects. Therefore, comprehensively analyzing the relevant progress and development trends on mitophagy research requires specific methods. To assess the hotspots, directions, and quality of results in this field worldwide, we used multiple tools to examine research progress and growing trends in research on the matter during the last 16 years (from 2005 to 2020). We also compared the quantity and quality of the literature records on mitophagy published by research institutions in China and other developed countries, reviewed China’s contribution, and examined the gap between China and these developed countries. According to the results of our bibliometric analysis, the United States and its research institutes published the most papers. We identified cell biology as the most commonly researched subject on mitophagy and AUTOPHAGY as the most popular journal for research on mitophagy. We also listed the most cited documents from around the world and China. With gradually increased funding, China is progressively becoming prominent in the field of mitophagy; nevertheless, the gap between her and major countries in the world must be closed.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Exploration of Weight Bias and Quality of Health Care Among Health Care Professionals Using Hypothetical Patient Scenarios

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 004695801877417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Seymour ◽  
Jennifer L. Barnes ◽  
Julie Schumacher ◽  
Rachel L. Vollmer
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Quality Of Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weight Bias ◽  
Hypothetical Patient ◽  
Qualitative Exploration

The purpose of this study was to determine whether weight bias exhibited by health care professionals (HCPs) impacts quality of health care provided to individuals with obesity. HCPs (n = 220; 88% female, 87% nurses) in the Midwest region of the United States were recruited to complete an online survey. In this within-subjects study design, participants completed the Attitudes Towards Obese Persons (ATOP) scale to assess weight bias and responded to 2 (1 person with obesity and 1 person without obesity) hypothetical patient scenarios to evaluate quality of care. A median split was calculated for ATOP scores to divide participants into high or low weight bias groups. Within these groups, thematic analysis was used to uncover themes in quality of care based on participants’ responses to each scenario. The analysis revealed that HCPs in the high weight bias group gave specific diet and exercise recommendations, offered health advice regarding weight loss, and used less teaching discourse when responding to the patient with obesity. In addition, in both weight bias groups, patients with obesity were started on pharmaceutical therapies sooner. The findings of this study suggest a need to educate HCPs on the importance of empathy and compassion when providing treatment to all patients, regardless of weight, to increase quality of care and ultimately improve patient outcomes.

scholarly journals Aesthetic Surgery Training during Residency in the United States: A Comparison of the Integrated, Combined, and Independent Training Models

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Momeni ◽  
Rebecca Y. Kim ◽  
Derrick C. Wan ◽  
Ali Izadpanah ◽  
Gordon K. Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Aesthetic Surgery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surgery Training ◽  
Aesthetic Procedures

Background. Three educational models for plastic surgery training exist in the United States, the integrated, combined, and independent model. The present study is a comparative analysis of aesthetic surgery training, to assess whether one model is particularly suitable to provide for high-quality training in aesthetic surgery. Methods. An 18-item online survey was developed to assess residents’ perceptions regarding the quality of training in aesthetic surgery in the US. The survey had three distinct sections: demographic information, current state of aesthetic surgery training, and residents’ perception regarding the quality of aesthetic surgery training. Results. A total of 86 senior plastic surgery residents completed the survey. Twenty-three, 24, and 39 residents were in integrated, combined, and independent residency programs, respectively. No statistically significant differences were seen with respect to number of aesthetic surgery procedures performed, additional training received in minimal-invasive cosmetic procedures, median level of confidence with index cosmetic surgery procedures, or perceived quality of aesthetic surgery training. Facial aesthetic procedures were felt to be the most challenging procedures. Exposure to minimally invasive aesthetic procedures was limited. Conclusion. While the educational experience in aesthetic surgery appears to be similar, weaknesses still exist with respect to training in minimally invasive/nonsurgical aesthetic procedures.

Principal Currents in the Economic Historiography of Latin America

1971 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley J. Stein ◽  
Shane J. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Economic History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
French School ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function

It will perhaps clarify the remarks that follow if we observe at the outset that the economic history of Latin America is in its infancy. This is not to say that the development of economic institutions, the operation of economic systems, the formation and growth of economic activities and attitudes, and the formulation and execution of economic policy have gone unnoticed in the history of Latin America. It is only to state that the formal discipline of economic history, even the use of economic history as part of a title, are of recent date. As in the historiography of most areas of the world, political developments and personalities in Latin America have constituted the core of historiography, and even today the “new” interdisciplinary history of half a century ago in the United States or the more recent French school of “total” history have drawn few adherents to Latin America. Many factors may be adduced to explain the delayed interest in economic history, but one may hazard the guess that there is a positive correlation between the degree of criticism of the nature and function of an economy and both the quantity and quality of economic historiography. At least in the United States, economic history owes no small debt to a muck-raking tradition. In Latin America, on the contrary, the nature of the literate elite and the limits on education have tended to stifle until recently the development of a body of economic literature of protest and, by extension, of economic history.

Horizontal Mergers in the United States Health Field: Some Practical Realities

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Weil
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Horizontal Mergers ◽  
Health Networks ◽  
General Management ◽  
The Past ◽  
Regulatory Strategies ◽  
The Us ◽  
Integration Of Services ◽  
Health Field

During the past decade, ‘merger mania’ has been a striking trend in the US health field as a strategy to improve the integration of services, to reduce expenses, and to increase the ability of providers to manage risk-based payment. However, during the past quarter of a century limited operational and fiscal evidence has been published in both the health and general management literature that strongly supports the efficacy of horizontal mergers. This article further argues that a likely scenario over the next decade, in spite of disappointments among these mergers in effecting significant cost reductions, is for the US health networks to continue acquiring additional providers and insurers. After these alliances gain significant market penetration, they are expected to behave as oligopolists. For these mergers to eventually achieve their earlier projected savings, the health field's leadership will be forced to implement cost-cutting measures such as: more vigorously coordinating the network's key clinical services to reduce competition for revenues among the partners within an alliance, closing superfluous hospitals and centralizing expensive tertiary services, encouraging surplus physicians to relocate to under-served areas, and providing direction to carefully integrate the best elements of what the competitive and regulatory strategies are able to offer to improve access, social equity, quality of care, and to reduce total health expenditures.

scholarly journals Longevity and personality in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew M Altschul ◽  
James E King ◽  
Miho Inoue-Murayama ◽  
Stephen R Ross ◽  
Alexander Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Accelerated Failure ◽  
Personality Questionnaires

Over the past 20 years, the study of personality has blossomed within primatology. Rating inventories have been extensively used across species to identify personality factor structures for different species. Chimpanzees share a common six-factor structure, composed of Dominance, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness. Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Extraversion, have been tied to positive effects on overall health and longevity in humans, while Neuroticism is associated with shorter life span. In captive gorillas, Extraversion alone is associated with longevity. We undertook a study of all captive, personality questionnaire-rated chimpanzees; the Chimpanzee and Hominoid Personality Questionnaires have been used to assess almost 600 chimpanzees from Europe, Australia, Japan, and the United States. With these data we investigated which personality dimensions and other life history characteristics might predict all-cause mortality. In an accelerated failure survival analysis, we found a strong effect of Extraversion (b = -4.74, p<0.0001), as well as lesser but significant effects of Agreeableness (b = 2.87, p<0.01) and Dominance (b = 1.64, p<0.05). Female and wild born chimpanzees appear to also live significantly longer (ps<0.01). The robustness of an animal's social network and the quality of its social interactions play a role in the health of social organisms. This is reflected in the importance of Extraversion for gorilla and chimpanzee health, and Agreeableness and Dominance for chimpanzees. Yet, the effect of Agreeableness is also similar to what has been found in humans.

scholarly journals Surveying ADR knowledge and practices among US gastroenterologists

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Peng ◽  
Douglas Rex, MD, MACG
Keyword(s):  
Bowel Preparation ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Screening Colonoscopy ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Serrated Polyps ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adenoma Detection ◽  
Age And Sex

Background:   The adenoma detection rate (ADR) is of primary importance to the quality of screening colonoscopy. An online survey was conducted to assess knowledge and practices on ADR.  Methods:  Paid questionnaire distributed by email. Eligible respondents were board certified gastroenterologists who perform >80 colonoscopies per month with 3 to 35 years after fellowship.  Results:  39% were unaware that ADR applies only to screening colonoscopies and 76% incorrectly answered that ADR includes sessile serrated polyps/adenomas.  51% of respondents incorrectly believe the threshold is set at 25% because 25% is a national ADR average. Many also believe the threshold depends on the patient population (current evidence suggests adjusting ADR for factors other than age and sex is unnecessary). 75% ranked ADR as highly important. 80% reported tracking ADR. A busy practice was the most common reason for not tracking ADR. Caps, chromoendoscopy, and good bowel preparation were viewed as valuable for improving ADR (this is true except for caps). HD colonoscopes and education were considered less valuable (although evidence suggests HD and education are associated with improved ADR). 57% reported not sharing ADR information with their patients, and 59% reported no patients in the past 6 months asking for their ADR. Conclusion:  The importance of ADR as a validated quality measure is well understood, but there are misconceptions among gastroenterologists regarding the definition and measurement of ADR and which methods are proven to increase ADR.  Patients are having very little impact on ADR measurement.

scholarly journals KONTESTASI ANTARA TEKS DAN REALITAS SOSIAL: SAKRALITAS ‘AMIL ZAKAT DI DUSUN NUGUK, KABUPATEN MELAWI, KALIMANTAN BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-144
Author(s):  
Wendi Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Ideal

           The background of this study is the uniqueness of the management zakat fitrah in Nuguk hamlet by giving to those considered to have a match or harmony, with the hope that the person receiving the zakat fitrah can become the mediator of health, tranquility for the life of muzakki in the future. This article is the result of qualitative field research with descriptive-analysis methods. The conclusion of this study is the management of zakat fitrah in Nuguk hamlet is performed with the classical management model, a model that’s still very simple with the way of muzakki delivering zakat fitrah to the ‘amil individually at their home respectively. The trust among the community in Nuguk hamlet is excessive and not following the ideal concept of shari’a. The management according to the al-Qur`an includes three important element, namely : collection  (Qs. At-Taubah [9] : 103), data collection and distribution (Qs. al-Baqarah [2] : 282 and Qs. At-Taubah [9] : 60), and utilization by using ‘traditional consumptive’ model, that’s zakat fitrah is directly distributed to mustahik through the ‘amil intermediary. The factors the contribute to the weaknesses of zakat fitrah management in Nuguk hamlet include : 1) low quality of education, and 2) oriented to the past management Abstrak            Latar belakang kajian ini adalah karena ada keunikan manajeman zakat fitrah di Dusun Nuguk, yaitu dengan cara menyerahkan kepada orang yang dianggap cocok atau serasi, dengan harapan orang yang menerima zakat fitrah tersebut dapat menjadi perantara kesehatan, ketenteraman bagi kehidupan muzakki dikemudian hari. Artikel ini merupakan hasil dari penelitian kualitatif lapangan dengan metode deskriptif-analisis. Adapun kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah manajemen zakat fitrah di Dusun Nuguk dilakukan dengan model manajemen klasik, yaitu suatu model manajemen yang masih sangat sederhana dengan cara muzakki menyerahkan zakat fitrah kepada ‘amil yang bersifat perorangan di rumah ‘amil masing-masing. Kepercayaan masyarakat Dusun Nuguk yang berlebihan kepada ‘amil dirasa kurang sesuai dengan konsep ideal syariat. Adapun manajemen menurut Alquran meliputi tiga unsur penting, yaitu : Pengumpulan (Qs. At-Taubah [9] : 103), Pendataan dan Pendistribusian (Qs. Al-Baqarah [2] : 282 dan Qs. At-Taubah [9] : 60, serta Pendayagunaan dengan menggunakan model ‘konsumtif tradisional’, yaitu zakat fitrah langsung didistribusikan kepada mustahik melalui perantara ‘amil. Faktor yang menyebabkan lemehnya mananjemen zakat fitrah di dusun Nuguk ada dua, yaitu : (1) Rendahnya mutu pendidikan, dan (2) Berorientasi pada manajemen masa lalu.

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