Parties and Electorates from Raj to Swaraj: An Historical Analysis of Electoral Behavior in Late Colonial and Early Independent India

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-142
Author(s):  
William Vanderbok ◽  
Richard Sisson
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Electoral Behavior ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Subaltern Studies ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
The Core ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Elite Recruitment

Fascination with elite recruitment, ideology, and political strategy in the Indian nationalist movement has given rise to a wide range of scholarly studies about these phenomena. An extraordinarily rich literature has also developed dealing with provincial political movements during both the nationalist and postindependence periods. More recently a literature concerning local, “peoples’” history has started to develop and flourish, the most influential genre being the self-styled subaltern studies (see Guha, 1984–86; also Guha, 1983). Missing in the historiography of this vast and complex region are studies of those institutions that constituted the core of successive nationalist demands made for political reform—elections and representative institutions. Our study is a preliminary venture into the world of elections to provincial legislative institutions in late colonial and early independent India. The place of elections is not only important in understanding the decolonization process in India; it is of broad comparative interest in enhancing understanding of the democratization of regimes.

scholarly journals The International Legal Regime for Biotechnology Patenting: an Appraisal from the Standpoint of Developing Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-325
Author(s):  
Jean-Faustin Badimboli Atibasay
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
The Core ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Biological Innovations ◽  
Ipr Protection

The development of biotechnology, which promises many economic opportunities, has revived the debate over the ownership of biological resources and its derivatives, as well as the sharing of the benefits which derive from its multiple applications. At the core of the debate, is the recent marriage between intellectual property rights (IPR) and international trade, within the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO). In this context, the need of developed countries to prevent trade distortions due to the lack of adequate IPR protection in developing countries, is weighed against the need to promote local interests in these countries. However, the legal impact of recent multilateral agreements, which address biological innovations, is still subject to controversy. An assessment of these instruments reveals divergent approaches to the issues which divide the parties concerned. This results in ambiguities and conflicts with respect to relevant provisions of these agreements. From a wide range of possible solutions discussed, industrial and developing countries might consider to review the disputed provisions in a way that attempts to harmonise the agreements and render legal implications of their respective initiatives in this area more predictable.

Ranajit Guha’s Historiography of Colonial India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasant Kaiwar
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Subaltern Studies ◽  
Latin American History ◽  
Indian History ◽  
Bengali Literature ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Moment

Ranajit Guha is one of the best-known and most innovative historians of modern India. The bulk of his best-known work was published between 1981 and 2002. The main historiographical issues that appear in his work include (a) the colonial appropriation of the Indian past and its representation as a “highly interesting portion of British history,” which together with the force of colonial conquest added up in Guha’s terminology to a colonial expropriation of Indian history; (b) the complicity of all branches of colonialist knowledge in the fact or force of conquest; (c) British rule in India as a “dominance without hegemony,” in which the moment of coercion outweighed the moment of persuasion by contrast with western Europe; (d) an Indian historiography of India that attempts to redress the expropriation of Indian history and make “the Indian people, constituted as a nation, the subject of their own history”; (e) a subaltern historiography that identifies the limitations of the mainstream Indian historiography of India and the need to pay attention to the “neglected dimension of subaltern autonomy in action, consciousness and culture,” the “contribution made by the people on their own”; and (f) a historiography that goes beyond “statism” to the everyday being-in-the-world of ordinary people, countering the pretensions of the “prose of world-history” with the “prose of the world.” These issues recur in various forms and combinations in Guha’s books and essays, notably the ones he contributed to Subaltern Studies, an edited series that he launched in 1982. The theoretical influences on Guha’s work are not limited to Marxism and its many offshoots. Guha used the concept of “subaltern” to signify anyone in India who did not belong to the “elite” and therefore included peasants, workers, impoverished landlords, and others whose behavior exhibited a combination of defiance and deference to the elite. It has many points of contact with Gramsci’s work. Guha drew freely on the philosophy of Hegel and Heidegger, Bengali literature, notably the works of Rabindranath Tagore, not to mention semiotics, linguistics, structuralism, and poststructuralism, the objective being not theoretical monism or purity but the mobilization of a wide range of references to shed light on history’s dark corners. The eclectic richness, if not elusiveness, of the concept of “subaltern” and Guha’s deployment of it in various forms to speak to caste, class, and gender issues has perhaps inspired its wider diffusion for rethinking the history of popular consciousness and mobilization in fields as far apart as Asian, African, and Latin American history.

The Oxford Handbook of Anglican Studies

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Demography ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
The Core ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Rich History ◽  
Comprehensive Coverage

The 44 essays in this volume embrace a wide range of academic disciplines: theological; historical; demography and geography; and different aspects of culture and ethics. They are united in their discussion of what is effectively a new inter-disciplinary subject which we have termed 'Anglican Studies'. At the core of this volume is the phenomenon of Anglicanism as this is expressed in different places and in a variety of ways across the world. This Handbook covers a far broader set of topics from a wider range of perspectives than has been hitherto attempted in Anglican Studies. At the same time, it doesn't impose a particular theological or historical agenda. The contributions are drawn from across the spectrum of theological views and opinions. It shows that the unsettled nature of the polity is part of its own rich history; and many will see this as a somewhat lustrous tradition. In its comprehensive coverage, this volume is a valuable contribution to Anglican Studies and helps formulate a discipline that might perhaps promote dialogue and discussion across the Anglican world.

Why Do We Keep Coming Back to Institutions?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Keyword(s):  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Organizational Institutionalism

The article examines contemporary philosophical and theoretical trends that lead to the dispersion and fragmentation of theories and research methodologies and even of the subject of inquiry. This process is dismantling the basic ontological distinctions that have long determined both the epistemological and the cultural characteristics of European society and science. These theoretical leanings have their own social and cultural roots in the rapidly increasing complexity of modern civilization. That civilization is relinquishing what Max Weber saw as a crucial distinguishing feature of modern society: its ability to comprehend the structure and functioning of the surrounding world. The author finds that one result is the emergence of a “new naivety” in which insurmountable difficulties in attaining rational understanding justify postulation of the ontological independence of actors, objects, etc., as well as the resurgence of various forms of metaphysics. The importance of an emotional relationship toward the world, which increasingly manifests itself as a universe of singularities, is expanding in step with the loss of a rational horizon for subjectivity in modern society. The historical perspective of the institutional approach has several epistemological advantages for dealing with these tendencies. The institutional approach maintains continuity with the project of modern historiography as such by concentrating on phenomena that have a comparable duration and sustainability and by facilitating examination of problems in the sociology of knowledge, for which a wide range of analytical techniques has been developed in order to analyze the interaction of institutions with different scales (for instance, within the framework of organizational institutionalism) among others. The historical analysis of institutions also has a significant practical value by disabusing us of a naive view of the world (including the natural world) as some kind of natural and unmediated given and by making us aware of the contingency of our historical existence. The institutional approach and modern historiography share a common mission as an emancipatory exercise in self-knowledge.

Introducing Students to Middle East Political Activists Through the World Wide Web: One Political Scientist’s Approach

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Vickie Langohr
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
Middle East ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Primary Documents ◽  
The World ◽  
Heavy Burden

Particularly Since the publication of Edward Said’s Orientalism, the issue of representation has loomed large in the consciousness of many Middle East scholars as we ply our trade. While this issue is undeniably important in our research, it may be even more crucial in our teaching. Encountering students whose only exposure to the Middle East has come through the evening news places a heavy burden on a teacher to respond to prevalent stereotypes about the region and replace them with a more complex, contextualized picture. One way to do this is to supplement the use of standard scholarly works on the region with primary documents in which a wide range of Middle Easterners “speak for themselves.” As scholars have pointed out in the Bulletin, the World Wide Web (www) provides many opportunities to do this in new ways. As a political scientist I chose to provide students in my Government and Politics of the Middle East course with these types of primary sources by designing a project in which students studied the strategies and goals of political activists of many stripes, and the responses of governments to them, by consulting the websites of political movements and newspapers.

Relational comparison revisited

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Hart
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Subaltern Studies ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World

This article revisits the idea of relational comparison that grew out of my earlier research in post-apartheid South Africa in order to put it to work in new ways. First I clarify distinctively different modalities of ‘comparison’ and their political stakes, and go on to specify how the ‘relational’ in relational comparison refers to an open, non-teleological conception of dialectics at the core of Marx’s method. I then engage with sharply polarized urban studies and subaltern studies debates cast in terms of Marxism vs. postcolonialism/poststructuralism and suggest how distinctions among comparative modalities help to reconfigure the terms of the debates. The article lays the groundwork for a larger project that focuses on understanding resurgent nationalisms, populisms, and racisms in different regions of the world in relation to one another in the era of neoliberal forms of capitalism. More broadly I suggest how relational comparison, extended to include conjunctural analysis, can be used as a method for practicing Marxist postcolonial geographies.

Island ceremony and submerged worlds

2021 ◽  
pp. 204382062110174
Author(s):  
Mimi Sheller
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islander ◽  
Human Geography ◽  
Spiritual Practices ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Relational Thinking ◽  
The Core ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
End Of The World

David Chandler and Jonathan Pugh’s ((2021) Anthropocene islands: there are only islands after the end of the world. Dialogues in Human Geography.) ambitious undertaking is to understand how islands have not only become emblematic sites within a wide range of Anthropocene scholarship, but also ‘generative forces’ at the center of Anthropocene thinking. At the core of their analysis is the idea of ‘relational entanglements’, which are embodied through the four organizational devices they have identified of resilience, patchworks, correlation and storiation, each being different modalities of relational thinking. In this commentary, I reflect on both the promise and limits of this Anthropocene Islands project, engaging with its generativity to also push against its boundaries. I emphasize the origins of relational thinking in Caribbean theory; question the materiality of islands as sites for Anthropocene thinking; and posit the significance of Caribbean, Pacific Islander, and Indigenous animistic and shamanistic spiritual practices for being in ceremony with geo-spiritualities that connect human beings with submerged worlds.

scholarly journals Media Economics: Applying Economics to New and Traditional Media

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Edge
Keyword(s):  
Public Broadcasting ◽  
Media Economics ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
The Core ◽  
Global View ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

Media Economics: Applying Economics to New and Traditional Media does not confine itself to Canada, instead it takes a more global view that includes examples and cases from around the world. As a result, it could be appropriate as the core text for an introductory Media Economics course in a wide range of countries. Its inclusion of much Canadian material and its focus on questions of particular concern in Canada, such as cultural protectionism and public broadcasting, make it especially relevant for a Media Economics course at a Canadian school.

A Role for Ceramic Materials Science in Art, History and Archaeology

1988 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. David Kingery
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
The Core ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
First Contact ◽  
Central Paradigm

One's first contact with materials occurs as infants with the swaddling cloths that warm and comfort us, but also restrain us. As life goes on material objects always surround us. They structure the way we look at the world and how we arrange our thoughts; they serve a wide range of utilitarian, aesthetic, social and symbolic functions; methods of designing, manufacturing and using materials are at the core of our technology and much of our culture. Materials technology, making and using objects, is thus in a unique position relative to history and culture. While interpretations sought by study of these objects are judgmental and humanistic, they must rest on as secure a foundation of solid materials knowledge as is possible. The central paradigm of materials technology is that the selection and processing of materials gives rise to a particular structure which is the source of useful properties (Fig. 1). This is exactly the process used by the artist who aims at aesthetic properties, and the craftsman and technologist who aim at particular properties.

scholarly journals Research on the Application of Water Element in the Innovative Design of Clothing Tourism Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxue Zou ◽  
Jingran Qi
Keyword(s):  
Current Situation ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
The Core ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

Clothing tourism products are aimed at a wide range of people, who are highly mobile and come from all over the world. Based on this, the design of clothing tourism products needs more characteristics and innovation, which is worthy of people all over the world to appreciate and remember. This paper takes the "water element" as the core, and discusses the two aspects: "the analysis of the current situation of clothing tourism products" and "the application of water elements in the innovative design of clothing tourism products". It is hoped that through the innovative application of "water element", the design of China's clothing tourism products will be further enriched, and the clothing tourism products will become a postcard of China and attract people from all over the world for China tourism.

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