Taking the Measure of Labor: Rural Rationalization in Twentieth-Century Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 138-161
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Agricultural Work ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
And Control ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractRural sugarcane workers in the Brazilian Northeast negotiated with planters in 1963 to establish guidelines for measuring jobs, producing a document they called the Task Table. This article situates the Table in historical context, placing it in a long-term process of agricultural rationalization that generated struggles over flexibility, control, and freedom on the job. The Table emerged at one moment in these battles and since conflicts like these over productivity, efficiency, and control are common to industrial and agricultural work alike, analyzing the Table offers insight into a broad struggle between workers and employers over the conditions and regulation of labor. For a region of hundreds of thousands of sugarcane workers, the Task Table reflected and facilitated the transformation of labor relationships, views of the working environment, and worker consciousness.

scholarly journals Del lado encantado de la modernidad: mesianismo y ocultismo en las novelas expresionistas de Gustav Meyrink

Acta Poética ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-65
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Antonia Domínguez Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Insight Into

This article analyses the work of the Austrian novelist Gustav Meyrink (1868-1932), who, between the years 1913 and 1927, published five fantastic novels in which several elements of late Twentieth Century Occultism prevail, in contrast to the historical context in which they were written, compelled by positivist scientism. From these esoteric and expressionist texts, we can build insight into a reading of modernity influenced by theosophy and eastern religions, as well as other spiritual currents, which show the multiple complexities of modernity.

Conclusion and Epilogue

Before HIV ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Adolescent Sexuality ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

This chapter considers the role of long-term changes in patterns of fertility, mortality, and STDs in the emergence and control of HIV in this region. It emphasizes that in order to explain the rapidity with which HIV became a mass epidemic in a largely rural context, it is necessary to examine the long history of changes in marriage, adolescent sexuality, leisure, materialism, and perceptions of risk. Equally, the remarkable success of AIDS control programmes in both southern Uganda and Buhaya can only be understood through an analysis of the series of campaigns aimed at improving public morality beginning in the early twentieth century, which helped legitimize sex as a topic of serious debate. Finally, the chapter also examines in detail the intimate relationship between fertility and mortality in Africa.

scholarly journals An evolutionary perspective on population growth

1996 ◽  
pp. 319-327
Author(s):  
Robert Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Evolutionary Effect ◽  
Subsequent Evolution ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Crude Approximation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Insight Into

Tis article is a preliminary attempt to evaluate the effect that evolution has on fertility. First, the conditions necessary for an evolutionary effect are discussed, the most important condition being the existence of fertility-enhancing traits (not necessarily genetic) which can be passed from parent to child. Next, two mathem tical models are discussed which give insight into the relation between evolution and fertility. The models yield a crude approximation relating the correlation (r) between number of siblings and number of children born to women in a given population to a subsequent evolution-related rise in fertility in the same population over one generation. The approximation is evaluated using the value of r as determined from a 1981 study sample of Swedish-born women. Finally, the possibilities of long-term fertility predictions and control of population growth are discussed.

Securing the Cloud for Big Data

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Michael Robinson ◽  
Kevin Jones
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Public Cloud ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter explores how organizations can seek to secure a public cloud environment for use in big data operations. It begins by describing the challenges that cloud customers face when moving to the cloud, and proposes that these challenges can be summarized as a loss of control and visibility into the systems and controls around data. The chapter identifies thirteen areas where visibility and control can be lost, before progressing to highlight ten solutions to help regain these losses. It is proposed that planning is the most significant step a customer can take in ensuring a secure cloud for big data. Good planning will enable customers to know their data and pursue a risk-based approach to cloud security. The chapter provides insight into future research directions, highlighting research areas which hold the potential to further empower cloud customers in the medium to long term.

No crown without the cross : the formation, existence, and disappearance of the Catholic Stage Guild of Ireland

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lauren Alexandra Iben Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Irish Nationalism ◽  
Irish Theatre ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
The Status ◽  
Irish Catholics ◽  
The University ◽  
Insight Into

[ACCCSS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] In December 1948, an article by Seamus Brady in The Manitoba Ensign claimed, "[The Catholic Stage Guild of Ireland] has branches in every city in Ireland, as well as in Britain, America and Australia." Its presence, according to Brady's article, was overwhelming. And yet by the 1970s, the Guild mysteriously seemed to disappear altogether from Irish society. This popularity and disappearance formulated my dissertation's primary research question: how did the life of the Catholic Stage Guild of Ireland (its birth, success, and disappearance) reflect twentieth century Irish Catholicism and its relationship with the nation? This question encouraged numerous subsidiary questions including: how was the Guild as popular as Brady claims? And if it indeed was as Brady claims, then why did it extinguish? This dissertation seeks to uncover whether the Catholic Stage Guild of Ireland's seemingly short, but powerful years emulating the status and movements of Irish Catholicism in the twentieth century The Catholic Stage Guild of Ireland dramatically depicted the heartaches and successes of the Irish Catholics. Created by firm Catholics during a time in which the religion was celebrated, then altered, then slandered, the Catholic Stage Guild offers insight into individual attitudes concerning the state of the country and its primary religion. A study of the Catholic Stage Guild (which until now has not been conducted) will not only examine the history and purpose of this group of Catholic artists, but also falls in the foreground against the backdrop of twentieth century Ireland and provides insight into the movements of Irish Catholicism and nationalism during this time. Ultimately, this dissertation provides a historical context for Catholics to understand the relationship between Irish Catholicism, Irish nationalism and Irish theatre in the twentieth century, as well as provides non-Catholics with a sense of the importance of a Catholic Stage Guild in a time consumed by religious conflict.

Tawny fronts: Colonial whiteness, Orientalism and representations of Cleopatra on the Australian stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Osmond
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Temporal Space ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Theatrical Representations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Cultural Origins ◽  
A Site ◽  
Female Power ◽  
Insight Into

This article traces how notions of colonial identity have played out in theatrical representations of Cleopatra on the Australian stage in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries – focusing on culturally produced costumed bodies as a site on to which ideas of colonial whiteness, Orientalism and modernity are projected. These representations of the ‘exotic’ Other also absorb popularly accepted ideas of femininity and female power in the circulation of familiar visual tropes. In the temporal space of the twentieth century, Anglo-Australian’s dominant theatrical references shifted from those associated with its European colonial subject’s cultural origins to those of a more globalized and culturally diverse nation still struggling to decolonize its cultural edifices. Close examination of the costumed bodies of Sarah Bernhardt and Lily Brayton as two touchstone versions of Cleopatra on the Australian stage at the dawn of the modern period, reveals the nascent creation of an aesthetic and stylistic cultural vernacular that would slowly develop throughout the twentieth century in the circulation of meaning between costume, bodies and audiences. For the contemporary practitioner, this provides some insight into the historical context of stereotypical costume tropes in which Orientalist ideals are circulated, as well as drawing attention to a particular political and ideological aspect of the complex relationship between the performing body and performance costume.

Suppressed, but Not Forgotten

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beat Meier ◽  
Anja König ◽  
Samuel Parak ◽  
Katharina Henke
Keyword(s):  
Memory Trace ◽  
Thought Suppression ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
Indirect Test ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cue Words ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of thought suppression over a 1-week interval. In two experiments with 80 university students each, we used the think/no-think paradigm in which participants initially learn a list of word pairs (cue-target associations). Then they were presented with some of the cue words again and should either respond with the target word or avoid thinking about it. In the final test phase, their memory for the initially learned cue-target pairs was tested. In Experiment 1, type of memory test was manipulated (i.e., direct vs. indirect). In Experiment 2, type of no-think instructions was manipulated (i.e., suppress vs. substitute). Overall, our results showed poorer memory for no-think and control items compared to think items across all experiments and conditions. Critically, however, more no-think than control items were remembered after the 1-week interval in the direct, but not in the indirect test (Experiment 1) and with thought suppression, but not thought substitution instructions (Experiment 2). We suggest that during thought suppression a brief reactivation of the learned association may lead to reconsolidation of the memory trace and hence to better retrieval of suppressed than control items in the long term.

Turkish Muslims in a German city: Entrepreneurial and residential self-determination

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sarah Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
German City ◽  
Post War ◽  
Oral History Interviews ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Term Objective

Drawing upon a collection of oral history interviews, this paper offers an insight into entrepreneurial and residential patterns and behaviour amongst Turkish Muslims in the German city of Bremen. The academic literature has traditionally argued that Turkish migrants in Germany have been pushed into self-employment, low-quality housing and segregated neighbourhoods as a result of discrimination, and poor employment and housing opportunities. Yet the interviews reveal the extent to which Bremen’s Turkish Muslims’ performances and experiences have overwhelmingly been the consequences of personal choices and ambitions. For many of the city’s Turkish Muslim entrepreneurs, self-employment had been a long-term objective, and they have succeeded in establishing and running their businesses in the manner they choose with regards to location and clientele, for example. Similarly, interviewees stressed the way in which they were able to shape their housing experiences by opting which districts of the city to live in and by purchasing property. On the whole, they perceive their entrepreneurial and residential practices as both consequences and mediums of success, integration and a loyalty to the city of Bremen. The findings are contextualised within the wider debate regarding the long-term legacy of Germany’s post-war guest-worker system and its position as a “country of immigration”.

An insight into Case Management and Challenges in Veteran Suicide Prevention

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Tamara Green
Keyword(s):  
Case Management ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Prevention Science ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Military Members ◽  
Prediction And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Insight Into

Much of the literature, policies, programs, and investment has been made on mental health, case management, and suicide prevention of veterans. The Australian “veteran community is facing a suicide epidemic for the reasons that are extremely complex and beyond the scope of those currently dealing with them.” (Menz, D: 2019). Only limited work has considered the digital transformation of loosely and manual-based historical records and no enablement of Artificial Intelligence (A.I) and machine learning to suicide risk prediction and control for serving military members and veterans to date. This paper presents issues and challenges in suicide prevention and management of veterans, from the standing of policymakers to stakeholders, campaigners of veteran suicide prevention, science and big data, and an opportunity for the digital transformation of case management.

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