scholarly journals Recreational Homes: Town Characteristics and Variations in Concentrations

1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Pamela H. Pataky ◽  
Edmund F. Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
New England ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

Recreational home development has been and is likely to continue to be a major concern of many local governments in New England and elsewhere. Recreational homes are defined here as homes that are not the owner's primary residence and are used for vacation, leisure, or recreation. It is generally agreed that this type of development is initially beneficial to local government finances. While more town services may be required, the cost is usually outweighed by the added tax revenue. It is believed, however, that over time recreational homes may be converted to primary homes, which could lead to cost increases without proportional increases in revenue (Am. Soc. of Planning Officials, Clark, Payne). Also, from a wider perspective, the loss of agricultural and forest land to this use may not be desirable.

FINANCIAL IMPACT OF REAL ESTATE TAX ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT TAX REVENUE

2019 ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Anita Kriviņa
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Estate Tax ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Real Estate Tax ◽  
The Impact

The real estate tax is one of the direct taxes administered by municipalities and it is the only one tax in Latvia that is fully credited to the local government budget. The research object of the article is the financial impact of real estate tax on budgets tax revenue of local governments. The aim of the research is to analyse the impact of real estate tax revenue on municipal budget in the administration context of tax expenditure. In the frames of the research following hypothesis was formulated - real estate tax has a relatively small impact on revenue of municipal budget, but it has relatively high administration costs. In order to analyse the financial impact, it was researched the expenses of real estate tax administration. As the basis for the study the estimated and actual tax administration expenses of one municipality was used.

Assessing the Effects of Financial Sources on the Fiscal Soundness of Local Government: With a Focus on Special Grants and Non-Tax Revenue

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-93
Author(s):  
Jungsook Kim ◽  
Nara Park
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
Financial Independence

The fiscal soundness of local governments has been of great interest to both scholars and practitioners. This study explored how special grants and non-tax revenue affected the financial stability of Korean local governments in the five-year period between 2009 and 2013. Panel regression found that special grants reduced fiscal soundness, which was measured as the debt ratio and financial independence of the local governments in this study. In addition, as the non-tax revenue in absolute terms increased, financial independence initially decreased before rising again at a certain point in time. We also classified local governments into three groups (low, medium, high) in terms of their debt ratios and financial independence. Special grants and non-tax revenue had a significant yet differential influence on the fiscal soundness of local governments depending on the level of financial independence, while general grants did not have statistically significant effects on local governments with either low debt ratio or low financial independence.

scholarly journals Trends in Local Government Revenue Composition in the Northeast: 1957–1977

1981 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith N. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
New England ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Property Taxes ◽  
Government Revenue

The composition of revenues in general purpose local governments in the Northeast in 1977 is examined and compared with the pattern found in 1957. The composition of local government revenues varies between types of local governments and between states. In general, local governments in the New England states are most dependent on property taxes. This pattern has not changed greatly since 1957 despite increases in the importance of intergovernmental aid. Revenue composition in many states in the Northeast diverges considerably from the nationwide pattern. Changing attitutes towards government and taxes could result in substantial changes in the years ahead.

scholarly journals Research on Local Government Governance and Enterprise Social Responsibility Behaviors under the Perspective of Cournot Duopoly Competition: Analyzing Taxi Companies and Online Car-Hailing Service Companies

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xintao Li ◽  
Zaisheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Dynamic Game ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Service Companies ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Dynamic Game Model ◽  
The Cost

Clarifying the rational choice strategy of local governments and enterprises is crucial for promoting control on the failure of taxis and online car-hailing service companies to fulfill their social responsibilities. The local government can reduce the negative externalities and irresponsibility of such companies by improving the regulatory system; thus, it is important to build a governance model that bridges tradition and modernity. This paper, on the basis of summarizing the achievements of the predecessors, builds a mixed dynamic game model among the local government, online car-hailing service companies, and taxi companies; analyzes the relationship between local government preference, execution, and governance of irresponsible enterprise behaviors; and analyzes the equilibrium solution between local government and duopoly enterprises behavior game deeply. The results show that the key to governance irresponsible companies is to make the punishment cost higher than the cost savings for irresponsible behaviors; no matter what the preference of the local government no-governance of online car-hailing service companies’ irresponsible behaviors may persist; and local government ambivalence when regulating irresponsible companies is derived from the complex relationship between social benefits and company interests. Finally, through the analysis of the equilibrium results for the above model, this paper provides suggestions on regulatory policies so as to provide theoretical support and a decision-making basis for establishing scientific, universal, and feasible governance policies and offering responsible methods of urban transportation.

scholarly journals Does the Underwriter Reputation Affect the Pricing of Local Government Bonds in China?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Hongdan Ji
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Securities Market ◽  
Government Bonds ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Securities Company ◽  
Underwriter Reputation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
High Degree

As the product of the combination of fiscal and financial, local government bonds should also follow the pricing mechanism of the securities market even under the special financial system in China. This paper uses Heckman's two-stage model to investigate whether the mechanism of underwriter reputation affects the pricing of local government bonds. The empirical results show that local governments tend to choose securities company underwriters with high reputation when they issue bonds with large scale, long maturity, and call right which have high degree of information asymmetry, and this tendency has an obvious time trend. However, high-reputation securities company underwriters failed to play the role of information intermediary to reduce the cost of local governments. On the contrary, implicit guarantees and government interventions induced the commercial banks to depress their quotations even leading to “interest rate upside down”, which resulted in the lack of securities company underwriters. In order to play the mechanism of underwriter reputation to promote the marketization of local government bonds pricing, this paper proposes to eliminate government interference, guide underwriters to strengthen the construction of their reputation, promote the marketization of underwriting fees and strengthen the supervision of underwriters.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Equalizing Capacity of State Transfers for Local Government Activities in Bulgaria

2019 ◽  
pp. 627-640
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Fiscal Equalization ◽  
Intergovernmental Transfer ◽  
Delivery Costs ◽  
Fiscal Disparities

The aim of this paper is to examine the fiscal disparities among local governments in Bulgaria and to show the capabilities of the existing intergovernmental transfer system to reduce them. Fiscal equalization policy in Bulgaria is performed through a general equalization transfer for local activities the distribution of which is based on local government tax revenue, as well as on service delivery costs. We measured the extent of equalization in three years – 2007, 2011 and 2017, during which the equalization transfer formula underwent considerable changes. For 365 municipalities we found out that, although the applied equalization mechanisms reduced the inequality in municipal own-source revenuе the remaining fiscal disparities among local governments were still considerable. Our research also suggests that disparity-reducing strength of the general equalization transfer remained almost unchanged during the period under review with its equalizing potential hampered to a great extent by the inclusion of additional compensatory elements in the distribution formula.

scholarly journals Research on the Evolution of Collusion between Government and Civil Construction Enterprises in Environmental Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 02053
Author(s):  
Cao Yingying
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Optimal Strategy ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Regional Migration ◽  
Construction Enterprises ◽  
Emission Behavior ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Way

Polluting civil construction enterprises usually use the way of "voting with their feet" to exert influence on the efforts of local government's environmental regulation, promote the formation of collusion between government and enterprises, and make the local government relax the supervision on the emission behavior of civil construction enterprises. Based on the Tibert model, this paper uses the evolutionary game method to study the collusion between government and enterprises in the cross regional migration of civil construction enterprises and its prevention. The results show that: when the civil construction enterprises comply with the production, the local government's optimal strategy is non collusion strategy; similarly, when the local government is not willing to collude, the non-collusion choice of civil construction enterprises will get higher benefits than collusion. In addition, the cost of civil construction enterprises transferring between different regions, the loss caused by the collusion between civil construction enterprises and local governments, and the probability of local government violations being found can effectively prevent the collusion between local governments and civil construction enterprises.

scholarly journals The Administrative Costs of Local Government Property-Based User Charges and Their Regressivity

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Blažić ◽  
Sandra Stašić ◽  
Saša Drezgić
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
User Charges ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Collection Costs

The paper measures the administrative costs (assessment and collection costs) of immovable property user charges in local governments in Croatia. This study represents a small scale survey comprising mostly small local governments. First, we establish their costs structure and then we compare the cost-revenue ratio with their size. As expected, the administrative costs of the analyzed user charges turned out to be regressive in regards to the size of local governments. The results imply that substitution of those different charges would be beneficial for local government budgets. In order to mitigate the problem we propose several alternatives: one general tax/charge; amalgamation of the smallest local governments or referring to assessment and collection of user charges in small local governments to the larger/mutual unit.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF EFICIENCY RATIO, EFFECTIVENESS RATIO, CONTRIBUTION RATIO OF LAND AND BUILDING TAX ON LOCAL OWN SOURCE REVENUE IN THE SUKOHARJO REGENCY 2016-2018 (EMPIRICAL STUDY IN THE REGIONAL AGENCY OF THE SUKOHARJO REGENCY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Setyani Sri Haryanti ◽  
Febrian Fernanda Siwi Tatok ◽  
Irwan Christanto Edy
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Contribution Ratio ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Efficient Criteria ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to determine the effect of the efficiency ratio of Land and Building Tax revenue, determine the effect of the effectiveness ratio of Land and Building Tax revenue and determine the effect of the ratio of contribution of Land and Building Tax revenue to Local Government Revenue Original Revenue in Sukoharjo Regency in 2016-2018.The data analysis technique in this study is a descriptive analysis using indicators of the criteria of efficiency, effectiveness and contribution. The type of data used is quantitative data, data sources used secondary data and use the documentation method.The results of the study know that the efficiency ratio of land and building tax revenue in Sukoharjo regency in 2016-2018 is included in the very efficient criteria because in those 3 years the realization of land and building tax revenues is greater than the cost of collection. The effectiveness ratio of revenue from land and building tax in Sukoharjo Regency in 2016-2018 is included in the very effective criteria because the average for 2016-2018 is more than 100%, namely 123.93% with details in 2016 of 131.41% , in 2017 it was 120.35% while in 2018 it was 120.02%. The contribution ratio of the Land and Building Tax to Local Government Revenue in Sukoharjo Regency in 2016-2018 is included in the criteria of lacking because the ratio of contributions on average is only 10.71%.

scholarly journals ANALISIS POTENSI, EFEKTIFITAS, EFISIENSI, DAN KONTRIBUSI PAJAK REKLAME TERHADAP PENERIMAAN PAJAK DAERAH DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond R. Korengkeng ◽  
Herman Karamoy ◽  
Winston Pontoh
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Potential Effectiveness ◽  
Local Taxes ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Financial Income

Local taxes are levied by the local government and are used to finance the implementation of local government and regional development. With the enactment of local taxes, it is expected that local governments can obtain significant financial revenue posts. As one type of local taxes, advertisement tax is considered capable of increasing the financial income of each region. The purpose of this research is to know the potential of advertisement tax, the level of effectiveness and efficiency as well as to know the contribution of advertisement tax as a source of local tax revenue in North Minahasa District. The analytical method used is descriptive.. The results show the potential of advertisement tax revenues in 2017 approximately Rp. 1,250,560,290 calculated on the basis of an analysis of realization increases. The level of advertisement tax effectiveness between 2012-2016 tends to fluctuate but shows the criteria of "very effective" in 2015 with a percentage of 118.16% and 2016 of 199.59%. The level of advertisement tax effectiveness is "very effective" because it does not cost in its implementation. While the contribution of advertisement tax 2012-2016 "very less" with a percentage of 0.5% -3.32% of local tax revenues. The collection system should be supervised and controlled to increase acceptance and re-registration of taxpayers and sanctions in order to fulfill the potential.Keyword: advertisement tax, local tax, potential, effectiveness, efficiency, contribution

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