Groundwater Recharge Assessment Using Multi Component Analysis: Case Study at the NW Edge of the Varaždin Alluvial Aquifer, Croatia

Exploring the interaction between precipitation, surface water, and groundwater has been a key subject of many studies dealing with water quality management. The Varaždin aquifer is an example of an area where high nitrate content in groundwater raised public concern, so it is important to understand the aquifer recharge for proper management and preservation of groundwater quality. The NW part of the Varaždin aquifer has been selected for study area, as precipitation, Drava River, accumulation lake, and groundwater interact in this area. In this study, groundwater and surface water levels, water temperature, water isotopes (2H and 18O), and chloride (Cl−) were monitored in precipitation, surface water, and groundwater during the four-year period to estimate groundwater recharge. Head contour maps were constructed based on the groundwater and surface water levels. The results show that aquifer is recharged from both Drava River and accumulation lake for all hydrological conditions–low, mean, and high groundwater levels. The monitoring results of water temperature, chloride content, and stable water isotopes were used as tracers, i.e. as an input to the mixing model for estimation of the contribution ratio from each recharge source. The calculation of mixing proportions showed that surface water is a key mechanism of groundwater recharge in the study area, with a contribution ratio ranging from 55% to 100% depending on the proximity of the observation well to surface water.

Thermohydraulic Performance Optimization of Automobile Radiators Using Statistical Approaches

Automobile radiator which is one of the vital components used for engine cooling in vehicles, is expected to provide higher thermal performance without changing the exterior dimensions of the radiator with the development of engine technology. This situation necessitates changes in both design and operating parameters in the currently used radiator. In the present study, all fundamental parameters affecting the thermal and hydraulic performance of an automobile radiator are evaluated and optimized with statistical methods. Optimization study is carried out using Taguchi and ANOVA methods for two specified objective functions (heat transfer and pressure drop). The order of importance and impact rates for each design and operating parameter, the best and worst working conditions in terms of both target functions are determined. Air velocity, air inlet temperature, coolant inlet temperature and fin pitch are found to be the most effective parameters on the heat transfer with a contribution ratio of 88%. The best and worst working conditions are obtained for the heat transfer and under these working conditions, they are calculated as 43.68 kW and 1.63 kW, respectively. When the system is examined in terms of the pressure drop, the results show that the coolant flow rate and tube height have a great impact with a contribution ratio of 67.04% and 32.06%, respectively. Lastly, the maximum and minimum pressure drop within the studied operating condition range, are determined as 20.68 kPa and 0.12 kPa, respectively.

Predicting Indoor Temperature Distribution Based on Contribution Ratio of Indoor Climate (CRI) and Mobile Sensors

In practical building control, quickly obtaining detailed indoor temperature distribution is necessary for providing satisfying personal comfort and improving building energy efficiency. The aim of this study is to propose a fast prediction method for indoor temperature distribution without knowing the thermal boundary conditions in practical applications. In this method, the index of contribution ratio of indoor climate (CRI), which represents the independent contribution of each heat source to the temperature distribution, has been combined with the air temperature collected by one mobile sensor at the height of the working area. Based on a typical office model, the effectiveness of using mobile sensors was discussed, and the influence of its acquisition height and acquisition distance on the prediction accuracy was analyzed as well. The results showed that the proposed prediction method was effective. When the sensors fixed on the wall were used to predict the indoor temperature distribution, the maximum average relative error was 27.7%, whereas when the mobile sensor was used to replace the fixed sensors, the maximum average relative error was 4.8%. This indicates that using mobile sensors with flexible acquisition location can help promote both reliability and accuracy of temperature prediction. In the human activity area, data from a set of mobile sensors were used to predict the temperature distribution at four heights. The prediction accuracy was 2.1%, 2.1%, 2.3%, and 2.7%, respectively. However, the influence of acquisition distance of mobile sensors on prediction accuracy cannot be ignored. The distance should be large enough to disperse the distribution of the acquisition points. Due to the influence of airflow, some distance between the acquisition points and the room boundaries should be given.

Analysis of Influencing Factors of Carbon Emissions in China’s Logistics Industry: A GDIM-Based Indicator Decomposition

Due to increased global carbon dioxide emissions, the greenhouse effect is being aggravated, which has attracted wide attention. China is committed to promoting the low-carbon development of all industries. This paper analyzed the influencing factors of carbon emissions in the Chinese logistics industry, so as to identify the key factors that influence carbon emissions. Based on the carbon emission data of China’s logistics industry in 2000–2019, this paper applied the carbon emission coefficients issued by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. For the first time, the Generalized Divisia Index Method was used to analyze the degree of influence of the factors on carbon emissions. This method considered more variables and their relationships. The results showed that (1) the carbon emissions of the logistics industry were increased by 3.22 times from 2000 to 2018, and showed negative growth for the first time in 2019; (2) the added value of the logistics industry is the most important factor in increasing carbon emissions (with a contribution ratio of 65.45%), energy consumption and practical population size are the main factors in carbon emissions. The promotion of this industry is subjected to decreased per capita carbon emissions, which have a large impact on total carbon emissions; (3) the intensity of carbon output is the most important factor in the reduction of carbon emissions (with a contribution ratio of −29.1%), where the energy carbon intensity and per capita added value are the main influencing factors with regard to the reduction of carbon emissions, while energy intensity has a negative inhibitory effect on carbon emissions, and (4) the influencing factors have negative effects on the cumulative inhibition of carbon emissions in the logistics industry, to an extent that is far less than the integral promotion of carbon emissions. Finally, according to the research conclusions of this paper, it is feasible to make recommendations for the carbon reduction of the logistics industry.

Analisis Efektivitas Dan Kontribusi Pajak Reklame Dan Pajak Restoran Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kota Bogor Tahun 2015-2019

Local Revenue is a source of original revenue derived from the potential of the region it self. Local Revenue is often used as an indicator of a region's progress. If the original income of a region is high, the economy of the area is considered advanced. The higher the Local Revenue received, the less dependency between the Regional Government on the Central Government. The largest revenue potential for Local Revenue is generated from local tax collection. One of the potential local tax revenues in Bogor City is the advertisement tax and restaurant tax. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of effectiveness and contribution of advertisement tax and restaurant tax to Local Revenue in Bogor City and to find out the efforts made by the Bogor City Regional Revenue Agency in increasing its local tax revenue. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. The result of this research is that the effectiveness of the advertisement tax and restaurant tax collection in Bogor City has been very effective, proven by the average advertisement tax effectiveness ratio of 104.06% and restaurant tax of 103.93%. The contribution of advertisement tax and restaurant tax to Local Revenue in Bogor City is still not good, as evidenced by the average advertisement tax contribution ratio of 1.43% including very poor criteria, and the average restaurant tax contribution of 12.99. % is in the poor criteria. Efforts made by the Bogor City Regional Revenue Agency in increasing advertisement tax revenue and restaurant tax are by collecting taxpayer data, checking tax rates, monitoring tax administration, and building communication and establishing closeness with the community. Keywords: Effectiveness, Contribution, Advertising Tax, Restaurant Tax, Local Revenue

RELEVANSI KONSEP PERPAJAKAN MENURUT ABU YUSUF DAN IBNU KHALDUN TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN DI INDONESIA

Tax is one of the most important instruments in the development of a country. This is because the development budget and government operations have a heavy dependence on taxes. However, at this time, the ratio of tax revenue in Indonesia is relatively small. This of course will have a bad impact on the country's development, given the expenditure budget whose contribution ratio is getting bigger. The lack of tax revenue is caused by a lack of public awareness in paying taxes and the rampant corrupt practices that exist in this country. Abu Yusuf and Ibn Khaldun with their intellect which is based on Islamic teachings by considering mashlahah and justice, managed to come up with tax theories that are relevant to the economy in Indonesia today. There are several tax theories according to Abu Yusuf and Ibn Khaldun which are considered relevant and can be a solution for the economy in Indonesia. Among them, the muqasamah system if applied today is still very relevant, especially the self-assessment system currently in effect in Indonesia that allows taxpayers to cheat. The Usyur that was in effect at the time of Abu Yusuf if it is relevant to the present, has several similarities with the collection of customs taxes

Shear Resistance Contribution of Constituent Elements Consisting RCS Joint

In this study, constituent elements affecting the shear strength of RCS joints were investigated through experiment and analysis study. A series of five interior RCS beam-column joint specimens, which were classified as JH-type and CP-type, was tested to investigate the contribution of each shear resisting element such as JH (Joint Hoop), CP (Cover Plate), FBP (Face Bearing Plate), E-FBP (Extended Face Bearing Plate), TB (Transverse Beam), and BP (Band Plate). Comparison between experiment and analysis results showed that the stiffness and strength of the RCS joint were reasonably assessed from the analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was found that TB, E-FBP, and CP increased the shear strength by about 15%, 14%, and 26%, respectively. For the JH-type specimen, 70% of the shear strength of the RCS joint is supported by the inner element and 30% of the shear strength is supported by the outer element. Shear strength contribution ratio of the outer element of CP-type specimen is larger than that of the JH-type specimen. For all specimens except for SNI-1, around 10% of total shear strength is supported by FBP. The shear strength equation of the RCS joint proposed by ASCE underestimates the contribution of the outer element, while that of M-Kanno tends to overestimate it.

The Contribution Ratio of Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Metabolism during a Mixotrophic Culture of Chlorella sorokiniana

The contribution ratio of autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolism in the mixotrophic culture of Chlorella sorokiniana (C. sorokiniana) was investigated. At the early stage of mixotrophic growth (day 0–1), autotrophy contributed over 70% of the total metabolism; however, heterotrophy contributed more than autotrophy after day 1 due to the rapid increase in cell density, which had a shading effect in the photo-bioreactor. Heterotrophy continued to have a higher contribution until the available organic carbon was depleted at which point autotrophy became dominant again. Overall, the increase in algal biomass and light conditions in the photo-bioreactor are important factors in determining the contribution of autotrophy and heterotrophy during a mixotrophic culture.

The geographical maldistribution of obstetricians and gynecologists in Japan

Background In Japan, there is a large geographical maldistribution of obstetricians/gynecologists, with a high proportion of females. This study seeks to clarify how the increase in the proportion of female physicians affects the geographical maldistribution of obstetrics/gynecologists. Methods Governmental data of the Survey of Physicians, Dentists and Pharmacists between 1996 and 2016 were used. The Gini coefficient was used to measure the geographical maldistribution. We divided obstetricians/gynecologists into four groups based on age and gender: males under 40 years, females under 40 years, males aged 40 years and above, and females aged 40 years and above, and the time trend of the maldistribution and contribution of each group was evaluated. Results The maldistribution of obstetricians/gynecologists was found to be worse during the study period, with the Gini coefficient exceeding 0.400 in 2016. The contribution ratios of female physicians to the deterioration of geographical maldistribution have been increasing for those under 40 years and those aged 40 years and above. However, there was a continuous decrease in the Gini coefficient of the two groups. Conclusions The increase in the contribution ratio of the female physician groups to the Gini coefficient in obstetrics/gynecology may be due to the increased weight of these groups. The Gini coefficients of the female groups were also found to be on a decline. Although this may be because the working environment for female physicians improved or more female physicians established their practice in previously underserved areas, such a notion needs to be investigated in a follow-up study.