scholarly journals Political economy and tax reform in parliament: Spain's attempt to implement income tax in 1868-1869

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier San-Julián-Arrupe
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Western World ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Parliamentary Debates ◽  
Personal Incomes

AbstractThe influence of economic ideas in parliamentary debates has attracted increasing attention in the analysis of the institutionalisation of political economy in the liberal age in the Western world. Within this framework, this paper explores a particular case: the relevance of economic ideas and the role of economists in the debates that took place in the Spanish Parliament in 1869 following the bill issued by the Minister of Finance Figuerola to establish a tax on personal incomes. Economic ideas and parliamentarian economists played a significant role in the design of the income tax as a key tool to modernise Spain's tax system, and in the subsequent parliamentary discussions.

The Size of Government, Capital Accumulation, and the Tax Base

1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. L. Nellor
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
Size Of Government ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Policy Concern

A central tax policy concern is the role of particular tax bases in either stimulating or discouraging capital accumulation. While the consumption tax has been proposed as superior to the income tax in terms of its treatment of saving, the literature has shown that whether a consumption or income-based tax system is associated with greater capital accumulation is theoretically indeterminate. This article incorporates the role of public accumulation and changing government activities into its analysis of capital accumulation, which enables this ambiguity to be resolved. An examination of U.S. data for the 1929–1978 period suggests that had inflation adjustment of the income tax been adopted it would, contrary to the implication of several tax reform proposals, have resulted in greater accumulation than the implementation of a consumption tax.

Tax Expenditures and the Tax Reform Act of 1969 in the United States

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Seiichiro Mozumi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Federal Income Tax ◽  
Federal Taxation ◽  
The Government

Abstract In the United States, tax favoritism—an approach that has weakened the extractive capacity of the federal government by providing tax loopholes and preferences for taxpayers—has remained since the 1930s. It has consumed the amount of tax revenue the government can spend and therefore weakened the possibility of the redistribution of fiscal resources. It has also made the federal tax system complicated and inequitable, resulting in undermining taxpayer consent. Therefore, since the 1930s, a tax reform to create a simple, fair, and equitable federal income tax system with the capacity to raise revenue has been long overdue. Many scholars have evaluated the Tax Reform Act of 1969 (TRA69), which Richard M. Nixon signed into law on December 30, 1969, as one of the most successful steps toward accomplishing this goal. This article demonstrates that TRA69 left tax favoritism in the United States. Furthermore, it points out that TRA69 turned taxpayers against the idea of federal taxation, a shift in public perception that greatly impacted tax reform in the years to follow.

scholarly journals The Structure of the Tax System Versus the Level of Taxation: An Evaluation of the 1986 Act

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gregory Ballentine
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
High Income ◽  
Tax Structure ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Policy Goal ◽  
Tax System ◽  
System Versus ◽  
The Future

In this paper, I assess the 1986 Tax Reform Act relative to the tax system that might have evolved over the several years following 1986 had that particular tax reform not been enacted. Had tax reform not been enacted, I believe that the pattern of steady tax increases, particularly corporate tax increases and tax increases on high-income individuals such as occurred in the 1982 and 1984 tax acts would have continued. I also believe that the 1986 Tax Reform Act introduced an income tax system that will be quite stable; broad changes, in particular changes that raise a large amount of income tax revenues, are unlikely for many years. So I am comparing the tax structure of the 1986 Tax Reform Act to a system that, in part, has an inferior structure, but that provides more revenues. Since I believe that the most important tax policy goal in 1986 and later should have been to raise revenues, not to revise the structure of the tax system, I believe that the 1986 Tax Reform Act was harmful. Tax reform not only did not raise revenues, it has made it more difficult to raise revenues in the future, without providing significant offsetting benefits.

Taxes in America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard E. Burman ◽  
Joel Slemrod
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The World ◽  
Comprehensive Reform ◽  
Jobs Act ◽  
Answer Format

Arguments about taxation are among the most heated-no other topic is as influential to the role of government and the distribution of costs and benefits in America. But while understanding of our tax system is of vital importance, the complexity can create confusion. Two of America's leading authorities on taxes, Leonard E. Burman and Joel Slemrod, bring clarity in this concise explanation of how our tax system works, how it affects people and businesses, and how it might be improved. The book explores what makes a tax system fair, simple, and efficient, why our system falls short, and whether the new tax law promises much, if any, improvement. Accessibly written and organized in a clear, question-and-answer format, the book describes the intricacies of the modern tax system in an easy-to-grasp manner. It has been revised and updated to both explain the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) in 2017, the most comprehensive reform of its income tax system since 1986, and to examine its likely effects on individuals, businesses, and society. Among the questions discussed are: How much more tax could the IRS collect with better enforcement? How do tax burdens vary around the world? Why do corporations pay so little tax, even though they earn trillions of dollars every year? What kind of tax system is most conducive to economic growth? And, can taxes be fair?

Intorno ai «Saggi sul risparmio e Pimposta» di Luigi Einaudi*

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-117
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Eusepi
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Double Taxation ◽  
Tax System ◽  
The One ◽  
Luigi Einaudi

Abstract This article presents the first part of a larger research intended to study the role of Luigi Einaudi as Public Finance scientist.In particular, this writing takes into consideration four essays by Einaudi published between 1912 and 1929 and having as main subject the effects of taxation on individual savings. The unachieved intent of Luigi Einaudi was the one of discovering a logically consistent tax system whose main characteristic should have been «neutrality*. The argument of the so-called «double taxation of savings” was considered by Einaudi as a clear demonstration of the lack of neutrality of the income tax.

scholarly journals Did the Tax Reform Act of 1986 Simplify Tax Matters?

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Slemrod
Keyword(s):  
Financial Planning ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Compliance Cost ◽  
Tax System

This paper attempts to assess whether the Tax Reform Act of 1986 simplified tax matters significantly, or at all. I conclude that, despite a few scattered signs that tax-related financial planning has declined, the compliance cost of the income tax system is probably higher now than it was in the early 1980s. This suggests that the Tax Reform Act achieved little, if any, simplification in the tax system, although it remains possible that the Act dampened what would have been an even greater increase in compliance cost.

Incentive to Finance under the Shoup Corporate Income Tax Concept—Focus on Shoup Semi-Imputation Credit Method

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-362
Author(s):  
Konosuke Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
World War ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Second World

Reform of the Japanese tax system was undertaken after the second World War and was greatly influenced by Carl Shoup, then Professor at Columbia University. Shoup’s recommendations were made during a unique historical period which allowed for an experimental designing of tax reform in Japan to occur under occupation. In this article we review and criticize Shoup’s recommendations and explain the problems inherent in their implementation. Cultural transference problems such as attempted imputation of corporate tax to individual income tax based on the theory of net asset increases tax are discussed. Comparisons are also made with French and German imputation credit methods.

scholarly journals GST: A Tax Reform for Sustainability of Indian Handicrafts

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 354-359
Author(s):  
Kritika Tekwani ◽  
Rinku Raghuvanshi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Tax System ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Government

Purpose of the study: Taxation is one of a tool, which helps the Government for the achievement of the goal of sustainable development for every sector including handicraft. The objectives of this study are to know about Goods and Services Tax & its inferences on sustainable development of Indian handicrafts and to identify the role of GST as tax reform in the sustainable development of handicrafts sector in India. The Indian handicraft is economically important and it has more potential for exports. This sector places a major role in the Indian economy. Methodology:  The Descriptive method of research has been used to gather information about the existing conditions of GST and Handicraft sector of India. This study is based on secondary data. The data has been taken from different journals, books, magazines, websites, and published data from government institutions. This study is explanatory in nature. The collected data from different sources has been reviewed and data relevant to the handicraft sector further analyzed. The researcher concluded that how GST is helping Indian handicraft sector for sustainable development. Main Findings: GST brought transparency in the tax system and it also eliminated the multiple taxes, which ultimately increases the final prices. This study revealed that GST would make Indian handicrafts more competitive in the domestic and foreign markets. GST is fiscal tax reform which helps in the sustainable development of Indian handicrafts. This research study found that the handicraft sector of India became more organized, centralized, and regulated after the implementation of Goods and Services Tax. The implication of the study: GST implemented on July 01, 2017 with the aim of simplification of the tax system, fiscal structure, United Indian Market, and sustainable development in India. It is a comprehensive value-added tax which merged different taxes including VAT, service tax, surcharges, CST, etc. This study can be useful for future researchers, traders, and exporters to know the implication of GST in the handicraft sector. Traders and exporters can get knowledge about the GST, tax rates, and exports under LUT/ bond. This study may be benefited to the Government for further development in GST as per the findings of this study. Novelty/Originality of this study: GST is new tax reform in India, only a few studies have been done on it. As per the researcher ’ s best knowledge few studies have been carried out on GST and handicraft sector, but none of the study is carried out on this topic. This study highlights the unrevealed facts and figures about the role of GST in the sustainable development of the handicraft sector.

scholarly journals Addressing inequality and poverty with tax instruments

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (190) ◽  
pp. 7-26
Author(s):  
Sasa Randjelovic ◽  
Jelena Zarkovic-Rakic
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Distributional Effects ◽  
Flat Tax ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Comprehensive Income

There is a consensus, in both academia and economic policy circles, that the reform of the personal income tax system in Serbia is necessary one. Two frequently discussed reform scenarios are East European style flat tax and the comprehensive income tax model of Western Europe. Most Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries have recently reformed their income tax systems by introducing some form of flat tax scheme, while in numerous countries of Western Europe the possibility of flat tax reform is also seriously considered. Opponents of the reform usually stress the adverse distributional effects of flat tax schemes. The aim of our paper is to contribute to the empirical literature on the distributional effects of alternative tax reform scenarios. The analysis is based on the tax and benefit micro-simulation model for Serbia (SRMOD). The results suggest that redesigning the existing income tax system so as to introduce a uniform tax rate and increase the basic allowance would somewhat reduce inequality and improve vertical inequity in taxation. On the other hand, in the case of the introduction of comprehensive income tax, considerably larger equalizing and progressivity effects would be achieved. At the same time, since in both cases redistribution will not affect the bottom decile group, no significant effects (in either cases) on poverty reduction will be achieved.

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