scholarly journals Cultural-Grant Aid in Astronomy for Developing Countries from the Japanese Government

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-313
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Kitamura
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Official Development Assistance ◽  
Japanese Government ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Latin American Countries

AbstractIn order to promote education and research in developing countries, the Japanese Government began in 1982 providing high-grade equipment within the scheme of its ODA (Official Development Assistance). Since then, for astronomical development, twelve planetaria have been donated to eleven countries and seven reflecting telescopes, with accessories, have been installed in Asian and Latin-American countries.

scholarly journals Impact of foreign direct investment, remittances and official development assistance on economic growth: panel data approach

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amna Zardoub ◽  
Faouzi Sboui
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Official Development Assistance ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Content Type

PurposeGlobalization occupies a central research activity and remains an increasingly controversial phenomenon in economics. This phenomenon corresponds to a subject that can be criticized through its impact on national economies. On the other hand, the world economy is evolving in a liberalized environment in which foreign direct investment plays a fundamental role in the economic development of each country. The advent of financial flows – FDI, remittances and official development assistance – can be a key factor in the development of the economy. The subject of this article is to analyses the effect of financial flows on economic growth in developing countries. Empirically, different approaches have been employed. As part of this work, an attempt was made to use a panel data approach. The results indicate ambiguous effects and confirm the results of previous work.Design/methodology/approachThe authors seek to study the effect of foreign direct investment, remittances and official development assistance (ODA) and some control variables i.e. domestic credit, life expectancy, gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), inflation and three institutional factors on economic growth in developing countries by adopting the panel data methodology. Then, the authors will discuss empirical tests to assess the econometric relevance of the model specification before presenting the analysis of the results and their interpretations that lead to economic policy implications. As part of this work, the authors have rolled panel data for developing countries at an annual frequency during the period from 1990 to 2016. In a first stage of empirical analysis, the authors will carry out a technical study of the heterogeneity test of the individual fixed effects of the countries. This kind of analysis makes it possible to identify the problems retained in the specific choice of econometric modeling to be undertaken in the specificities of the panel data.FindingsThe empirical results validate the hypotheses put forward and indicate the evidence of an ambiguous effect of financial flows on economic growth. The empirical findings from this analysis suggest the use of economic-type solutions to resolve some of the shortcomings encountered in terms of unexpected effects. Governments in these countries should improve the business environment by establishing a framework that further encourages domestic and foreign investment.Originality/valueIn this article, the authors adopt the panel data to study the links between financial flows and economic growth. The authors considered four groups of countries by income.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Official Development Assistance Jepang terhadap Negara Resipien

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Sarah Anabarja
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Recipient Country ◽  
Official Development Assistance ◽  
Foreign Assistance ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Export Credit

Japan has been well-known due to its advanced technology innovation particularly in the field of industrial technology. Some Japanese manufactures that based on technological development have become the main supplier of high-technology goods in many countries in the world most importantly in Asia. Since 1970s, Japan government has implemented its foreign assistance called Official Development Assistance (ODA) to developing countries including Indonesia. Japan has assisted the developing countries through its export-credit program. This paper will discuss the effectiveness of ODA and its implementation. In the first part of this paper, it will elaborate the history and structure of Japan’s ODA. In the next part, it will also explain the successful achievement of this program. Besides, it will also examine whether or not the implementation of this assistance has effectively reached its target and goals. The understanding of essential component of development strategy to increase the ODA’s effectiveness is related with the usage of that assistance in the recipient country. This perception is in line with Kevin Morrison (2000) saying the four elements of foreign assistance’s effectiveness particularly the technical assistance of Japan.

Innovation and Agronomy

2016 ◽  
pp. 392-418
Author(s):  
Ariel R. Soto Caro
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Representative Case ◽  
World Power ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

This chapter presents an empirical discussion about the relationship of agricultural industry and innovation in emerging economies. Then, a general revision of the innovation, agronomy and public policies associated will be reviewed. This chapter is immersed in the Chilean case. The author justifies that Chile can be a representative case because it is a country that wishes to become a world power in agro-food, but has very low investment in innovation. Besides, it has very low participation of agricultural innovative firms in the market. After the background is presented, innovation and development will be reviewed; subsequently, innovation in developing countries will be discussed, concluding with agro-innovation in Latin-American countries, especially in Chile.

scholarly journals 46. Teaching of Astronomy

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 633-634
Author(s):  
D. G. Wentzel ◽  
L. Houziaux ◽  
M. Rigutti ◽  
W. Buscombe ◽  
C. Iwaniszewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
International Schools ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
Latin American Countries

The projects of this Commission are increasingly aimed at the astronomically developing countries. The projects are:International Schools for Young Astronomers. These are the highest-priority activity of the Commission. They last three weeks, have typically 25 to 35 participants, cover a range of astronomical topics with emphasis on practical training, and are funded by the IAU, UNESCO, and local sources. This report covers three schools: i) La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, September 1979, participants from Spain, Portugal, Canary Islands and five Latin American countries, ii) Hvar, SR Croatia, Yugoslavia, September – October 1980, participants from Balkan and Mediterranean countries, iii) Helwan Observatory, Cairo, Egypt, participants from Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Nigeria, Tanzania, Greece, Portugal, Hungary, China.

THE IMPACTS OF BIASED RESOURCE ALLOCATION ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (01) ◽  
pp. 239-256
Author(s):  
SUNG-KO LI ◽  
CHUN-KEI TSANG
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Official Development Assistance ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Negative Impacts

Many developing countries are receiving official development assistance (ODA). Whether ODA is beneficial or harmful to the receiving country is controversial in the literature. This paper analyzes this issue from a new angle by adopting the framework of competitiveness which allows us to link resource allocation with economic growth. Under this framework, we point out that the mechanism of resource allocation influences the effectiveness of ODA on economic growth. By applying data envelopment analysis (DEA) to competitiveness, we capture the effects of inefficient and biased allocation of resources on ODA. The data confirm the co-existence of positive and negative impacts of ODA. Finally, we conclude that current ODA is not efficient in helping most of the receiving countries.

scholarly journals Crisis and Homesickness: A New Opportunity for Brain Gain in Latin America?

2015 ◽  
pp. 17-18
Author(s):  
Iván F. Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Brain Gain ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Work Abroad ◽  
Latin American Countries

While some industrialized countries face a surplus of PhDs in many fields of knowledge, developing countries face the opposite problem.  This might be a great opportunity for Latin American countries to attract talent.  However, most countries do not have a clear policy for the recruitment of faculty abroad and, when they do, it is mostly focused on recovering their own expatriates from their work abroad.

Undue Fear of Inducements in Research in Developing Countries

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
GARDAR ARNASON ◽  
ANTON VAN NIEKERK
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
The Other ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Born Child ◽  
Research Populations ◽  
Latin American Countries

Prematurely born children who have underdeveloped lungs may suffer a potentially fatal condition called respiratory distress syndrome. A U.S. company developed a drug, called Surfaxin, to treat such poorly functioning lungs. A placebo-controlled study was planned in four Latin American countries (Mexico, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru). At the time, in 2001, four treatments were already on the market, although not available to the research populations used in the study. This case is usually discussed as part of the standard of care debate or offered as an example of exploitation. However, what concerns us in this case is rather the choice given to the parents of a prematurely born child under these circumstances: “You can give consent for your child's participation in this study. Half of the babies enrolled will receive sham air and are as likely to die as if they had not enrolled. The other half will receive an active treatment and are more likely to survive.” The parents can vastly increase their baby's chances of survival by participating in the study. Can the consent be voluntary? Do the parents have any meaningful choice?

BRCA 1/2 mutations in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGS-OC) patients of three Latin American countries: Report of 412 cases.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14288-e14288
Author(s):  
Juan Molina ◽  
Omar Orlando Castillo Fernandez ◽  
Maria Lim ◽  
Luis Mas ◽  
Ignacio Fernando Veliz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Germline Mutations ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Serous Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Brca 1 ◽  
Brca 2 ◽  
Latin American Countries

e14288 Background: Ovarian Cancer (OC) is the most common gynecologic cancer in women in the World and with elevated mortality. High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGS-OC) is a common histotype and closely related with the presence of BCRA abnormalities. This is to our knowledge the first report of a large series of patients with HGS-OC evaluated in Latin-American countries. The study aim was to present the data obtained from Perú, Costa Rica and Panamá from January 2016 to December 2018. Methods: A cross-sectional evaluation was performed in patients diagnosed between 2016 and 2018 with HGS-OC in three countries in Latin America. The patients were selected from Cancer National Reference Centers in Perú, Panamá and Costa Rica. Germline BRCA 1 / 2 mutations were evaluated through Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in blood samples. Results: During the period 412 HGS-OC were studied. The mean age at diagnosis was 56.55(SD:12.21) years for all the evaluated patients and 55.42(SD:8.60) years in the mutated cases. Pathogenic HGS-OC mutations in germline BRCA 1 / 2 were diagnosed in 72 cases. Germline BRCA 2 mutations were the most frequent abnormality detected in Panama and in Costa Rica with 70.0 %(7/10) and 77.8%(14/18), respectively. However in Perú, germline mutations in BRCA 1 represents the majority of the mutations with 79.3%(35/44). Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) were detected in 3.64 %(15/412). Positive family history for breast or ovarian cancer were detected in 13.8% of patients with pathogenic mutations(10/72). Specific mutation distribution evidenced in Perú that 6 of 44(13.6%) mutated patients had the mutation in BRCA 1 c.2105dupT; 6 patients of 18(33.3%) had the mutation in BRCA 2 c.5303_5304delTT in Costa Rica and 2 cases had the mutation in BRCA1 c.5186C > A in Panama. The rest of mutations were less common. Conclusions: The frequency of Germline mutations BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 in patients with HSG-OC is similar to the reported in developed nations. However, the different mutation profile between the studied countries could be explained by the Latin-American genetic diversity. Most of the mutations we report were not described in previous studies evaluating breast cancer susceptibility.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document