Current and future potential of alternative techniques

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
D. I. Givens ◽  
M. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Predicting Factors ◽  
In Vitro Systems ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Alternative Techniques

AbstractRuminant animal production faces numerous challenges and it seems that both economic and biological benefits will be derived from moving food characterization from simple energy and protein-based approaches to those which assess nutrient supply in some detail. In vitro systems will need to reflect this change and this paper considers in particular, the need for estimations of rumen volatile fatty acids and microbial protein supplies. Emphasis is placed on the possibility that in vitro techniques can be used to provide biochemical data which can themselves be used in mathematical models of wider processes. This paper also examines the need for in vitro techniques to reflect the microbial!animal response to the physical structure of foods and also the requirement for in vitro approaches which ask why a food has a certain value rather than simply what the value is. In vitro techniques also have a substantial role outside the digestive tract in predicting factors such as voluntary food intake and some aspects of tissue metabolism and some of these aspects are considered. Tor practical application in vitro techniques will need to provide value for money and be compatible as parameters in mathematical models to have an impact at farm level. In this regard physical in vitro techniques such as NIRS seem to have enormous potential.

In vitrotechniques as tools to predict nutrient supply in ruminants

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tamminga ◽  
B. A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
In Vitro Systems ◽  
High Degree

AbstractIn vitro techniques are widely used to predict the nutritive value of foods for farm animals. However, food evaluation systems are moving towards systems based on nutrient flows rather than on energy or protein. Nutrients are supplied via the digestive tract and presently available in vitro methods are inadequate to simulate the complicated and non-steady-state processes in this tract. This is partly due the lack of adequate in vivo reference values and partly due to a too-high degree of standardization and simplification. Future developments should therefore aim to develop in vitro systems which closely monitor the dynamics of the digestive processes. Adequate interpretation of the results may require sophisticated mathematical models.

scholarly journals Volatile Fatty Acids and Methane Profile of Dairy Cattle Ruminal Fluid was Gived Legumes in Ration Based on Synchronization Protein-Energy Index

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afduha Nurus Syamsi ◽  
Triana Yuni Astuti ◽  
Pramono Soediarto
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Index ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Energy Synchronization

An experiment was aimed to assess the use of the legumes as a source of protein feedstuff and levels of protein-energy synchronization (PES) index in the diet of dairy cattles on volatile fatty acids (VFA) and methane (CH4) profile. The research was applied in In vitro techniques used a completely randomized design (CRD), with factorially pattern (2x3), the first factor was the two species of legumes (Sesbania and Leucaena) and the second factor was the three level of the PES index (0.4, 0.5, and 0.6), there were 6 treatment combinations and each was 4 replicates. The results showed that interaction between legumes with PES index was not significantly affected (P>0.05) on all variable. Legumes was not significantly affected (P>0.05) on all variables and PES index was significantly affected (P<0.05) on propionate, A:P ratio, and methane. The study concluded that the use of turi and lamtoro leaves combined with the protein-energy synchronization index (PES) at medium level (0.5) could increasing the production of VFA, especially propionate, suppressing A:P ratio and decreasing methane production.

scholarly journals Volatile fatty acids and methane production in dairy cow ration based on protein-energy synchronization index with a meals protein source

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Afduha Nurus Syamsi ◽  
Lastriana Waldi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Synchronization Index ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Energy Synchronization

The study was aimed to examine the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and methane (CH4) in rations based on protein-energy synchronization index (PES) using different meals protein sources (MPS). The study was conducted experimentally with in vitro techniques. The factorial completely randomized design (CRD) was used to examine six types of treatment rations originating from a combination of 3 PES index and two types of MPS, each repeated four times so that there were a total of 24 experimental units. The results showed that the interaction of the SPE index had no significant effect on the production of partial VFA, but had a significant effect on the acetate: propionate (A: P) ratio and CH4 production. The analysis of honestly significant different (HSD) results showed that the lowest A: P ratio and CH4 were found in R1. The orthogonal test shows that coconut and soybean meal had a quadratic effect on the A: P ratio and CH4. It concluded that the best PES index to optimize VFA and minimize CH4 production was at the index 0.6-0.61 with soybean meal as protein source supplementation.

Plantlet formation in black and white spruce. I. In vitro techniques

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Rumary ◽  
Trevor A. Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Plantlet Formation ◽  
In Vitro Systems

A comparative study on plantlet formation in black (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and white (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) spruce led to the development of similar in vitro systems. Buds were induced on epicotyl explants on Schenk and Hildebrandt's mineral salts containing sucrose and equimolar concentrations of benzylaminopurine and 6-(γγ-dimethylallylamino)-purine. Transfer to cytokinin-free medium allowed for secondary, shoot formation. Shoot elongation and development required a medium with reduced sucrose and containing conifer-derived charcoal. Preparation for rooting involved further culture in charcoal-free medium. For rooting, shoots were dipped in a sterilized rooting powder containing indolebutyric acid and placed in sterile vermiculite containing half-strength mineral salts, sucrose, and charcoal. Roots could also be formed under nonsterile conditions. Shoot formation had a higher optimum temperature and longer photoperiod requirements than rooting. The above sequence of manipulations can produce ca. 40 plantlets per seed within 170 days in culture.

The Use of Liver Cell Cultures Derived from Different Mammalian Species in In Vitro Toxicological Studies: Implementation in Extrapolation Models?

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (1_part_1) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bas J. Blaauboer ◽  
Heleen M. Wortelboer ◽  
Wim C. Mennes
Keyword(s):  
Species Differences ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
In Vitro Systems ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Insight Into

In vitro techniques can be applied to obtain insight into the organotoxic potential of compounds and in the underlying mechanisms of action. During the last few decades the applicability of these techniques in toxicology has been demonstrated for an increasing number of cell types. Cultured hepatocytes have been shown to provide convenient in vitro systems for studying the role of biotransformation in the toxicity of a compound. The use of in vitro systems derived from a range of species may lead to a better understanding of species differences in the toxicity of xenobiotics, thus improving interspecies extrapolations. The applicability of this approach will be illustrated with results from experiments on the biotransformation and cytotoxicity of bromobenzene, the in vitro inducibility of biotransformation enzyme systems and the effects of hypolipidemics in primary hepatocyte cultures derived from a numberof animals.

Dental optical coherence tomography: a comparison of two in vitro systems

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
L L Otis ◽  
B W Colston ◽  
M J Everett ◽  
H Nathel
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
In Vitro Systems

Morphometrical estimation of fetal heart growth at different gestational ages by In vivo and In vitro techniques

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-494
Author(s):  
Dr. Haritha Kumari Nimmagadda ◽  
◽  
Pooja Pant Pooja Pant ◽  
Rajeev Mukhia ◽  
Dr. Aruna Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Heart ◽  
In Vitro Techniques

Role of 4-O Galloylchlorogenic Acid in Lung Cancer- An Insilico Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaynthy C. ◽  
N. Premjanu ◽  
Abhinav Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Discovery Studio

Cancer is a major disease with millions of patients diagnosed each year with high mortality around the world. Various studies are still going on to study the further mechanisms and pathways of the cancer cell proliferation. Fucosylation is one of the most important oligosaccharide modifications involved in cancer and inflammation. In cancer development increased core fucosylation by FUT8 play an important role in cell proliferation. Down regulation of FUT8 expression may help cure lung cancer. Therefore the computational study based on the down regulation mechanism of FUT8 was mechanised. Sapota fruit extract, containing 4-Ogalloylchlorogenic acid was used as the inhibitor against FUT-8 as target and docking was performed using in-silico tool, Accelrys Discovery Studio. There were several conformations of the docked result, and conformation 1 showed 80% dock score between the ligand and the target. Further the amino acids of the inhibitor involved in docking were studied using another tool, Ligplot. Thus, in-silico analysis based on drug designing parameters shows that the fruit extract can be studied further using in-vitro techniques to know its pharmacokinetics.

In Vitro Screening of Azalea for Resistance to Azalea Lace Bug

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 506b-506
Author(s):  
Carol D. Robacker ◽  
S.K. Braman
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Damage ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Delaware Valley ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Culture Tube ◽  
Lace Bug ◽  
Lace Bugs ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Azalea lace bug (Stephanitis pyrioides) is the most serious pest on azalea. Results of laboratory bioassays and field evaluations of 17 deciduous azalea taxa have identified three resistant taxa: R. canescens, R. periclymenoides, and R. prunifolium. Highly susceptible taxa are `Buttercup', `My Mary', R. oblongifolium, and the evergreen cultivar `Delaware Valley White'. To determine whether in vitro techniques would have potential value in screening or selecting for resistance, or for the identification of morphological or chemical factors related to resistance, an in-vitro screening assay was developed. In-vitro shoot proliferation was obtained using the medium and procedures of Economou and Read (1984). Shoots used in the bioassays were grown in culture tubes. Two assays were developed: one for nymphs and one for adult lace bugs. To assay for resistance to nymphs, `Delaware Valley White' leaves containing lace bug eggs were disinfested with 70% alcohol and 20% commercial bleach, and incubated in sterile petri plates with moistened filter paper until the nymphs hatched. Five nymphs were placed in each culture tube, and cultures were incubated for about 2 weeks, or until adults were observed. To assay for resistance to adults, five female lace bugs were placed in each culture tube and allowed to feed for 5 days. Data collected on survival and leaf damage was generally supportive of laboratory bioassays and field results. Adult lace bugs had a low rate of survival on resistant taxa. Survival of nymphs was somewhat reduced on resistant taxa.

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