scholarly journals Volatile fatty acids and methane production in dairy cow ration based on protein-energy synchronization index with a meals protein source

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Afduha Nurus Syamsi ◽  
Lastriana Waldi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Synchronization Index ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Energy Synchronization

The study was aimed to examine the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and methane (CH4) in rations based on protein-energy synchronization index (PES) using different meals protein sources (MPS). The study was conducted experimentally with in vitro techniques. The factorial completely randomized design (CRD) was used to examine six types of treatment rations originating from a combination of 3 PES index and two types of MPS, each repeated four times so that there were a total of 24 experimental units. The results showed that the interaction of the SPE index had no significant effect on the production of partial VFA, but had a significant effect on the acetate: propionate (A: P) ratio and CH4 production. The analysis of honestly significant different (HSD) results showed that the lowest A: P ratio and CH4 were found in R1. The orthogonal test shows that coconut and soybean meal had a quadratic effect on the A: P ratio and CH4. It concluded that the best PES index to optimize VFA and minimize CH4 production was at the index 0.6-0.61 with soybean meal as protein source supplementation.

scholarly journals Volatile Fatty Acids and Methane Profile of Dairy Cattle Ruminal Fluid was Gived Legumes in Ration Based on Synchronization Protein-Energy Index

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afduha Nurus Syamsi ◽  
Triana Yuni Astuti ◽  
Pramono Soediarto
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Index ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Energy Synchronization

An experiment was aimed to assess the use of the legumes as a source of protein feedstuff and levels of protein-energy synchronization (PES) index in the diet of dairy cattles on volatile fatty acids (VFA) and methane (CH4) profile. The research was applied in In vitro techniques used a completely randomized design (CRD), with factorially pattern (2x3), the first factor was the two species of legumes (Sesbania and Leucaena) and the second factor was the three level of the PES index (0.4, 0.5, and 0.6), there were 6 treatment combinations and each was 4 replicates. The results showed that interaction between legumes with PES index was not significantly affected (P>0.05) on all variable. Legumes was not significantly affected (P>0.05) on all variables and PES index was significantly affected (P<0.05) on propionate, A:P ratio, and methane. The study concluded that the use of turi and lamtoro leaves combined with the protein-energy synchronization index (PES) at medium level (0.5) could increasing the production of VFA, especially propionate, suppressing A:P ratio and decreasing methane production.

Effects of Tithonia diversifolia on in vitro methane production and ruminal fermentation characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Terry ◽  
R. S. Ribeiro ◽  
D. S. Freitas ◽  
G. D. Delarota ◽  
L. G. R. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ch4 Production

The present study examined the effects of Tithonia diversifolia on in vitro methane (CH4) production and ruminal fermentation characteristics. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomised design (CRD) using a control (0% T. diversifolia) and three treatment groups with different concentrations (6.9%, 15.2%, 29.2%) of T. diversifolia, which replaced up to 15.2% and 14% dry matter (DM) of fresh sugarcane and concentrates, respectively. Ruminal fluid was obtained from two ruminally cannulated non-lactating Holstein × Zebu heifers maintained on a diet consisting of T. diversifolia, fresh sugarcane and 4 kg of concentrates. The inclusion of T. diversifolia had no effect (P ≥ 0.15) on cumulative gas production (mL, mL/g incubated DM, mL/g digested DM) or in vitro DM disappearance (%). Carbon dioxide (%, mL, mL/g incubated DM) linearly decreased (P ≤ 0.001) and CH4 (%, mL, mL/g incubated DM) quadratically increased (P ≤ 0.01) with increasing concentrations of T. diversifolia replacing fresh sugarcane and concentrates. The total volatile fatty acids (mM) and acetate (A) proportion of total volatile fatty acids (mmol/100 mmol) linearly increased (P < 0.01) with the increasing inclusion of T. diversifolia. Butyrate (mmol/100 mmol) increased quadratically (P ≤ 0.02), while propionate (P; mmol/100 mmol) decreased quadratically (P < 0.02). The A : P ratio increased linearly (P < 0.0001) with increasing amounts of T. diversifolia in the diet. These results indicated that increasing the amount of Tithonia diversifolia in the substrate DM increased the A : P ratio, which resulted in a six-fold increase of CH4 production when fresh sugarcane and concentrates were replaced at up to 15.2% and 14% (DM basis), respectively.

scholarly journals In vitro assessment of ruminal fermentation, digestibility and methane production of three species of Desmanthus for application in northern Australian grazing systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Vandermeulen ◽  
Sultan Singh ◽  
Carlos Alberto Ramírez-Restrepo ◽  
Robert D. Kinley ◽  
Christopher P. Gardiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Grass Hay

Three species of Desmanthus adapted to the heavy clay soils of northern Australia were studied to determine their nutritive value and effects on in vitro fermentation with rumen fluid, compared with Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay. Leaves and stems of D. leptophyllus cv. JCU 1, D. virgatus cv. JCU 2 and D. bicornutus cv. JCU 4 were collected in summer, winter and spring of 2014 and analysed for chemical composition. Apparent digestibility as in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVD-OM) and fermentation parameters including methane (CH4) production were measured during 72-h fermentations using rumen fluid from steer donors grazing tropical grasses and legumes. Desmanthus bicornutus was on average more digestible than both D. leptophyllus and D. virgatus at 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation. This species also demonstrated an anti-methanogenic potential, in particular when harvested in summer with a reduction in CH4 production of 26% compared with Rhodes grass hay after 72 h of incubation. At this time point, D. leptophyllus produced higher volatile fatty acids (VFA per g of organic matter fermented) compared with the other forages. This legume also reduced the CH4 production up to 36% compared with the Rhodes grass hay reference. However, D. leptophyllus showed lower IVD-OM. Overall, Desmanthus species produced lower in vitro CH4 and lower volatile fatty acids concentration compared with the reference grass hay. These effects may be due to presence of secondary compounds such as hydrolysable tannins, condensed tannins and/or their combination in Desmanthus species. The IVD-OM was influenced by the season after 72 h of incubation; the digestibility was higher in plants collected in spring. This study suggests that contrasting fermentative profiles in Desmanthus cultivars may offer the opportunity to reduce the greenhouse gas contribution of the beef industry. The next step in demonstration of these promising in vitro results is demonstration of Desmanthus in vivo as proof of concept confirming the productivity and CH4 reduction ability of these legumes in the pastoral systems of northern Australia.

scholarly journals Protein-Energy Synchronization Index of Various Energy Source of Feed Concentrate for Ruminants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Afduha Nurus Syamsi ◽  
Hermawan Setyo Widodo ◽  
Harwanto Harwanto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Synchronization Index ◽  
High Category ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Energy Synchronization

ABSTRACT. The study aimed to determine the protein-energy synchronization (PES) index of the various energy source of feed concentrate in vitro, as a database for the preparation of ruminant rations based on the PES index. The research was conducted from May to August 2020. The research was carried out experimentally through three stages: proximate analysis, in vitro digestibility test, and index calculation. The materials used were rumen fluid of three Jawa Randu Goats, taken shortly after being slaughtered at Sokaraja Goat Slaughterhouse, and seven types of energy sources of feed concentrate. Each feedstuff was duplicated for 3 replications, then the digestibility data for organic matter and protein of each feedstuff were collected at the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 12th, 24th, and 48th hour by in vitro fermentation. The data collection results were then regressed and the results were included in the PES index equation. The variable measured was the PES synchronization index. The results showed that the PES index of rice bran was 0.54, rice polish 0.50, pollard 0.57, corn 0.87, dried cassava 0.94, dried cassava dreg 0.90, and bread flour 0.94. The study concluded that the energy source of feed concentrate are potential as the medium to the high category of PES index values in the preparation of ruminant rations, where corn, dried cassava, dried cassava dreg, and bread flour have a PES index in the high category, while rice bran, rice polish, and pollard in the medium category.  (Indeks sinkronisasi protein-energi berbagai bahan pakan konsentrat sumber energi bagi ruminansia) ABSTRAK. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menginventarisasi indeks sinkronisasi protein-energi (SPE) berbagai bahan pakan konsentrat sumber energy, sebagai basis data penyusunan ransum ruminansia berbasis indeks SPE secara in vitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Mei hingga Agustus 2020. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara eksperimental melalui tiga tahap yaitu analisis proksimat, kecernaan in vitro, dan perhitungan indeks. Materi yang digunakan adalah cairan rumen 3 Kambing Jawa Randu yang diambil sesaat setelah disembelih di Rumah Potong Hewan Sokaraja, serta 7 jenis bahan pakan konsentrat sumber energi. Masing-masing bahan pakan diduplikasi sebanyak 3 ulangan, kemudian masing-masing diukur kecernaan bahan organik dan protein pada waktu fermentasi in vitro ke 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 dan 48 jam. Data yang dikoleksi selanjutnya di uji regresi dan hasilnya dimasukkan dalam persamaan indeks SPE. Variabel yang diukur adalah indeks SPE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indeks SPE dedak sebesar 0,54, bekatul 0,50, pollard 0,57, jagung 0,87, gaplek 0,94, onggok kering 0,90 dan tepung roti 0,94. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa, konsentrat sumber energi memiliki potensi nilai indeks sinkronisasi protein-energi pada kategori sedang hingga tinggi dalam penyusunan ransum ruminansia. Jagung, gaplek, onggok kering dan tepung roti memiliki indeks sinkronisasi protein-energi pada kategori tinggi, sedangkan dedak, bekatul dan pollard pada kategori sedang.

scholarly journals Synchronization Protein-Energy Index of Various Forages for Dairy Livestock: an In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Afduha Nurus Syamsi ◽  
Hermawan Setyo Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Energy Synchronization ◽  
High Level

The present study inventoried the protein-energy synchronization (PES) index of various types of grass. The study was conducted using in vitro techniques with material 5 types of grass (elephant, king, dwarf elephant, guinea, and setaria) and rumen fluid of the Friesian Holstein (FH). The PES index is calculated based on the average degradation of g protein and Kg organic matter (OM) per hour at the time of observation of 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 12th, 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours. The hourly degradation rates were analyzed by linear regression to obtain the average hourly degradation rate. The results were included in the PES index calculation formula and discussed descriptively. This study found that all five grass had almost uniform nutritional value. Regression analysis results show a different equation, but with a high coefficient of determination (> 90%) on all types of grass. The PES index obtained in elephant, king, dwarf elephant, guinea, and setaria grass are 0.72, 0.66, 0.69, 0.58, and 0.68. The study concluded that elephant grass has a PES index at a high level, while king, dwarf elephant, guinea, and setaria grass at medium level for compiling dairy rations.

scholarly journals Pilot Study of the Effects of Polyphenols from Chestnut Involucre on Methane Production, Volatile Fatty Acids, and Ammonia Concentration during In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Yichong Wang ◽  
Sijiong Yu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Xiaolong Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Nutritional strategies can be employed to mitigate greenhouse emissions from ruminants. This article investigates the effects of polyphenols extracted from the involucres of Castanea mollissima Blume (PICB) on in vitro rumen fermentation. Three healthy Angus bulls (350 ± 50 kg), with permanent rumen fistula, were used as the donors of rumen fluids. A basic diet was supplemented with five doses of PICB (0%–0.5% dry matter (DM)), replicated thrice for each dose. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia nitrogen concentration (NH3-N), and methane (CH4) yield were measured after 24 h of in vitro fermentation, and gas production was monitored for 96 h. The trial was carried out over three runs. The results showed that the addition of PICB significantly reduced NH3-N (p < 0.05) compared to control. The 0.1%–0.4% PICB significantly decreased acetic acid content (p < 0.05). Addition of 0.2% and 0.3% PICB significantly increased the propionic acid content (p < 0.05) and reduced the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio, CH4 content, and yield (p < 0.05). A highly significant quadratic response was shown, with increasing PICB levels for all the parameters abovementioned (p < 0.01). The increases in PICB concentration resulted in a highly significant linear and quadratic response by 96-h dynamic fermentation parameters (p < 0.01). Our results indicate that 0.2% PICB had the best effect on in-vitro rumen fermentation efficiency and reduced greenhouse gas production.

Increasing 2 -Bio- (H2 and CH4) production from food waste by combining two-stage anaerobic digestion and electrodialysis for continuous volatile fatty acids removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Gamal K. Hassan ◽  
Rhys Jon Jones ◽  
Jaime Massanet-Nicolau ◽  
Richard Dinsdale ◽  
M.M. Abo-Aly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Ch4 Production

scholarly journals Effects of Increasing Doses of Condensed Tannins Extract from Cistus ladanifer L. on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Biohydrogenation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 761
Author(s):  
Olinda Guerreiro ◽  
Susana P. Alves ◽  
Mónica Costa ◽  
Maria F. Duarte ◽  
Eliana Jerónimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Cistus Ladanifer ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ct Dose ◽  
Linear Decrease

Cistus ladanifer (rockrose) is a perennial shrub quite abundant in the Mediterranean region, and it is a rich source in secondary compounds such as condensed tannins (CTs). Condensed tannins from C. ladanifer were able to change the ruminal biohydrogenation (BH), increasing the t11–18:1 and c9,t11–18:2 production. However, the adequate conditions of the C. ladanifer CTs used to optimize the production of t11–18:1 and c9,t11–18:2 is not yet known. Thus, we tested the effect of increasing the doses of C. ladanifer CT extract (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg dry matter (DM)) on in vitro rumen BH. Five in vitro batch incubations replicates were conducted using an oil supplemented high-concentrate substrate, incubated for 24 h with 6 mL of buffered ruminal fluid. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and long chain fatty acids (FA) were analyzed at 0 h and 24 h, and BH of c9–18:1, c9, c12–18:2 and c9, c12, c15–18:3, and BH products yield were computed. Increasing doses of C. ladanifer CTs led to a moderate linear decrease (p < 0.001) of the VFA production (a reduction of 27% with the highest dose compared to control). The disappearance of c9–18:1 and c9,c12–18:2 as well as the production of t11–18:1 and c9, t11:18:2 was not affected by increasing doses of C. ladanifer CTs, and only the disappearance of c9, c12, c15–18:3 suffered a mild linear decrease (a reduction of 24% with the highest dose compared to control). Nevertheless, increasing the C. ladanifer CT dose led to a strong depression of microbial odd and branched fatty acids and of dimethyl acetals production (less than 65% with the highest dose compared to control), which indicates that microbial growth was more inhibited than fermentative and biohydrogenation activities, in a possible adaptative response of microbial population to stress induced to CTs and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The ability of C. ladanifer to modulate the ruminal BH was not verified in the current in vitro experimental conditions, emphasizing the inconsistent BH response to CTs and highlighting the need to continue seeking the optimal conditions for using CTs to improve the fatty acid profile of ruminant fat.

scholarly journals Absorption and metabolism of volatile fatty acids by rumen and omasum

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Luiz Pratti Daniel ◽  
João Chrysostomo de Resende Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Diffusion Chamber ◽  
Serosal Side ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Mucosal Side ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Fractional Absorption

Volatile fatty acids (VFA) absorption and metabolic capacity of rumen and omasum were compared, in vitro. Fragments of rumen wall and omasum laminae were taken from eight adult crossbred bovines. An isolated fragment of the mucosa was fitted in a tissue diffusion chamber. Valeric acid and CrEDTA were added to ruminal fluid and placed on the mucosal side and buffer solution was placed on the serosal side. Fractional absorption rates were measured by exponential VFA:Cr ratio decay over time. Metabolism rate was determined as the difference between VFA absorbed and VFA which appeared on the serosal side over time. Mitotic index was higher in omasum (0.52%) than in rumen epithelium (0.28%). VFA fractional absorption rate was higher in omasum (4.6%/h.cm²) than in rumen (0.4%/h.cm²). Acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate showed similar fractional absorption rates in both fragments. Percentage of metabolized acetate and propionate was lower than butyrate and valerate in both stomach compartments. In the rumen, individual VFA metabolism rates were similar (mean of 7.7 , but in the omasum, valerate (90.0 was more metabolized than butyrate (59.6 propionate (69.8 and acetate (51.7 . Correlation between VFA metabolism and mitotic index was positive in the rumen and in the omasum. In conclusion, VFA metabolism and absorption potential per surface of the omasum is higher than that of the rumen. Variations on rumen and omasum absorption capacities occur in the same way, and there are indications that factors capable of stimulating rumen wall proliferation are similarly capable of stimulating omasum walls.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document