English in a historical perspective – a neglected inheritance?

English Today ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Rastall
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
International Communication ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
External Point ◽  
Textual Practices ◽  
Learning Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Selection Of

PAUL RASTALL assesses current issues and possibilities in studying the history of English“…often…in words contemplated singly, there are boundless stores of moral and historic truth, and no less of passion and imagination are laid up – that from these lessons of infinite worth may be derived…”(Richard C. Trench, 1851, 1)When we think of “English today”, a range of issues naturally springs to mind. Principally, they are “synchronic” issues. They can be matters “internal” to linguistic systems, or viewpoints “external” to English considered as a communication system. Externally, we might consider, for example, the diversity of geographical, generational or sociolinguistic varieties, teaching and learning conditions and problems, the political and economic issues arising from the enormous spread of English worldwide. Internally, there are the many questions of phonology, grammar, lexicon, usage and textual practices, which are more directly “linguistic” in the narrow sense. A little less obviously, we can consider issues of the future of English both from the “external” point of view, looking at – for example – the selection of varieties for teaching or international communication purposes, and from the “internal” viewpoint, the “synchronic dynamics” of English, looking at the ways in which English is currently changing or tending to change. All of those matters and others are well covered in English Today.

Le fonti, i metodi e le narrazioni della storia della videoarte in Italia negli anni Settanta

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Parola
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Video Art ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Many ◽  
Art And Architecture ◽  
Selection Of

This essay derives from the primary need to make order between direct and indirect sources available for the reconstruction of the history of video art in Italy in the seventies. In fact, during the researches for the Ph.D. thesis it became clear that in most cases it is difficult to define, in terms of facts, which of the different historiographies should be taken into consideration to deepen the study of video art in Italy. Beyond legitimate differences of perspectives and methods, historiographical narratives all share similar issues and narrative structure. The first intention of the essay is, therefore, to compare the different historiographic narratives on Italian video art of the seventies, verifying their genealogy, the sources used and the accuracy of the narrated facts. For the selection of the corpus, it was decided to analyze in particular monographic volumes dealing with the history of the origins of video art in Italy. The aim was, in fact, to get a wide range of types of "narrations", as in the case of contemporary art and architecture magazines, which are examined in the second part of the essay. After the selection, for an analytical and comparative study of the various historiography, the essay focuses only on the Terza Biennale Internazionale della Giovane Pittura. Gennaio ’70. Comportamenti, oggetti e mediazioni (Third International Biennial of Young Painting. January '70. Behaviors, Objects and Mediations, 1970, Bologna), the exhibition which - after Lucio Fontana's pioneering experiments - is said to be the first sign of the arrival of videotape in Italy (called at the time videorecording), curated by Renato Barilli, Tommaso Trini, Andrea Emiliani and Maurizio Calvesi. The narration given so far of this exhibition appeared more mythological than historical and could be compared structurally to that of the many numerous beginnings that historiographyies on international video art identify as ‘first’ and ‘generative’. In the first part of the essay the 'facts' related to Gennaio ’70, as narrated by historiography on video art, are compared. In the second part the survey is carried out through some of the direct sources identified during the research, with the aim of answering to questions raised by the comparison between historiographies. Concluding, it is important to underline that the tapes containing the videos transmitted have not been found and seem to have disappeared since the ending of the exhibition. Nevertheless, the deepening of the works and documentation transmitted during the exhibition is possible thanks to other types of sources which give us many valuable information regarding video techniques and practices at the beginning of 1970 in Italy.

The reproduction and larval development of Nereis fucata (Savigny)

1959 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Brown-Gilpin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Reproductive Patterns ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

The wide variety of reproductive patterns and behaviour in the many species of Nereidae already studied clearly justifies further research. But the life history of Nereis fucata (Savigny) is not only of interest from the comparative point of view. Its commensal habit (it occurs within shells occupied by hermit crabs) immediately gives it a special importance. This alone warrants a detailed study, particularly as no commensal polychaete has yet been reared through to metamorphosis and settlement on its host (Davenport, 1955; Davenport & Hickok, 1957). The numerous interesting problems which arise, and the experimental methods needed to study them, are, however, beyond the range of a paper on nereid development. It is therefore proposed to confine the present account to the reproduction and development up to the time when the larvae settle on the bottom. The complete life cycle, the mechanism of host-adoption, and related topics, will be reported in later papers.

Technology and the Historian

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Crymble
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Digital Humanities ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Scholarly Communication ◽  
Approaches To Teaching ◽  
The World ◽  
Digital Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

After nearly a decade of scholars trying to define digital work, this book makes the case for a need instead to understand the history of technology’s relationship with historical studies. It does so through a series of case studies that show some of the many ways that technology and historians have come together around the world and over the decades. Often left out of the historiography, the digital age has been transformative for historians, touching on research agendas, approaches to teaching and learning, scholarly communication, and the nature of the archive itself. Bringing together histories and philosophies of the field, with a genre of works including private papers, Web archives, social media, and oral histories, this book lets the reader see the digital traces of the field as it developed. Importantly, it separates issues relevant to historians from activities under the purview of the much broader ‘digital humanities’ movement, in which historians’ voices are often drowned out by louder and more numerous literary scholars. To allow for flexible reading, each chapter tackles the history of a specific key theme, from research, to communication, to teaching. It argues that only by knowing their field’s own past can historians put technology to its best uses in the future.

Part 1: Chapter 2 Outline History of Geological Research

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Brian Harland
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Know How ◽  
Hydrographic Survey ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arctic Exploration ◽  
The Many ◽  
Geological Work ◽  
Geological Research ◽  
Selection Of

Useful records of observations perhaps began in 1596 with Barents' voyage and resulting chart. The many expeditions until the middle of the eighteenth century were primarily for whaling with minor additions to the charts. In 1758 A. R. Martin led a Swedish voyage and in 1773 C. J. Phipps commanded a British naval expedition, the first of several, to seek a northeast passage to the Pacific. They penetrated no further than Spitsbergen and made useful observations. At that time and for many years the British Admiralty was concerned with extensive Arctic exploration. The elaborate nature of these expeditions was not so much designed for scientific purposes as for useful employment for enterprising officers, with ships in numbers no longer needed in the period of naval supremacy after 1805. Hydrographic survey was often the principal achievement. In terms of efficiency and Arctic know-how the early whalers such as Scoresby were superior.1827 may be considered as the year when geological work began, with expeditions from Norway (B. M. Keilhau 1831) and Britain (Capt. Parry, e.g. Horner 1860; Salter 1860). Keilhau, a geologist, visited Edgeoya and Bjornoya. Admiral Parry, Hydrographer of the Navy, wintered on HMS Hecla in Sorgfjorden where further specimens were collected. In 1837 an early Swedish expedition was directed by Loven. Then, 1838 to 1840, the French voyage of La Recherche took place under the Commission Scientifique du Nord (e.g. Robert 1840).Only a selection of the many expeditions in the second half of the century are noted here.

scholarly journals Epos und Periplous: Dichtung und Dokumentation in Camões’ Lusíadas

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-270
Author(s):  
Helga Thalhofer
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
New Science ◽  
Book Printing ◽  
External Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media

AbstractIn Luís de Camões’s epic The Lusiads, diverse semantic levels of writing overlap. The intertwining of poetry and documentation results here in perspectives on writing that judge it in different ways, since a tension springs up in The Lusiads between poetry and the new fields of knowledge concerning experimental ‘New Science’ and nautical experience. With respect to the poetics of The Lusiads, this tension becomes evident when a line is drawn from the Renaissance to classical antiquity. A further level of writing can be seen in the field of the shipping of writings – primarily of the founding work of The Lusiads – which was, from a textually external point of view and from that of the history of the media – facilitated by book printing; conversely, the process of writing down ships, that is, their routes registered on maps and in the periplus, manifests itself in Camões’s epic in the form of a documentary mode of writing.

Hare Krishna Movement: What Attracts the Western Adolescent?

1979 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 604-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ittamveetil N. Kutty ◽  
Arthur P. Froese ◽  
Quentin A.F. Rae-Grant
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Cultural Roots ◽  
American Values ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Professional Interventions ◽  
Relevant Factors ◽  
Historical Sketch

Summary The HKM is but one of the many Eastern religious beliefs imported into the West. However, because of the way it is practised, it is the one which confronts North American values most directly. It is an offshoot of Hinduism and comprises a wide diversity of beliefs. It attracts many Western youths, much to the anguish of their parents and community leaders. Those who look at the HKM from a Western cultural point of view argue passionately with those who believe in it. The authors, one of whom (I.N.K.) has cultural roots in Hinduism and Western training in child psychiatry, attempt to look at this phenomenon dispassionately and analyze some of the relevant factors which attract Western youth to this culturally alien religion. A brief historical sketch of the HKM is given followed by an account of the significance of religion from a psychoanalytical perspective. The case history of a 15 year old adolescent male is presented and discussed in psychodynamic terms followed by an attempt to understand his attraction to the HKM. The manner in which the HKM met the needs of this adolescent may have implications for the management and understanding of similar cases, especially when professional interventions do not bring about the desired results of solving rather than just suppressing the intense and painful conflicts of development in adolescence.

The Rutherford Memorial Lecture, 1956 The discovery of atomic number

1956 ◽  
Vol 236 (1206) ◽  
pp. 285-296 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Daily Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
Element Number ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

In a Rutherford Memorial Lecture there are two alternative courses that might be taken. One is to describe one or other of the great developments that have later followed out from the many things which Rutherford started; the other is to describe some aspect of his own work from a historical point of view. If, as we hope and intend, the institution of these lectures should survive for many years, the first policy will probably be more useful in later times, but there still remain a number of people who lived through the wonderful experiences of those days, and while we survive it may be more interesting perhaps for us to leave some small records of what we saw. But there seems little purpose in merely giving again and again a biography recounting all the things that Rutherford did, and so I have chosen one item from among his discoveries, and I propose to give an account of this. It is the discovery of Atomic Number. I am going to try and give a picture of this whole subject; in it Rutherford of course played the leading part, but others made very important contributions, and it will be the whole history of it that I shall try to describe, and not merely his part in it. In the history of science there has been every now and then what I may call an ‘easy’ discovery, by which I do not in the least mean that it was easy to discover, but that when discovered it is so easy to understand, that it is difficult afterwards to see how people had got on without it. One example of such an ‘easy’ discovery was the discovery by Copernicus that the earth goes round the sun. After his time it was possible for anyone almost to forget what astronomy had been like before his day, and yet we have to recognize that the subject had been studied for three or four thousand years by many exceedingly intelligent men. Atomic number is another such ‘easy’ discovery. Any recent book on chemistry or physics describes the chemical elements in terms of it, and now with the development of atomic energy, even the daily press discusses quite readily the differences between uranium 238 and 235, and possibly even recalls that uranium is element number 92. In all the doubts that we may have about how future scientific discoveries will reshape our outlook on the world, we can feel sure that this one thing will never be changed; that the isotopes of the atoms of chemical elements will always have known atomic numbers and atomic weights. It now seems so simple that it is hard to believe how recently it was all discovered, and I want to show you that this ‘easy’ discovery was not at all easy to make.

scholarly journals Perkembangan dan Kesahihan Hadis Dari Awal Islam Hingga Zaman Post Truth

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Teuku Amnar Saputra Muhammad Alfatih Suryadilaga
Keyword(s):  
Information Access ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Relative Truth ◽  
Global Era ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Scientific Facts

The Post Truth era has made truth relative from a personal point of view not based on scientific facts. Freedom of information access makes the quality not proportional to the existing quantity. This relative truth has implications for the development of hadith which has been consumed by Muslim World in general. From the historical point of view, the modification of the hadith is inseparable from the interests of three Islamic thought orientations, namely Syiah, Ahlusunnah Wal Jamaah and Khawarij. The purpose of this study is to map the history of the development of the hadith from the time of the Prophet Muhammad and how the truth of the traditions used by the community from the time of the Prophet Muhammad to the Post Truth era. The results of this study indicate that the distribution of hadith originated in the early days of Islam, but not in official writing. Then came the official codification period in the caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz II century Hijri. In the next period the hadith is recorded in the form of books and in the global era the hadith has been in the form of a website to the implications that can be used through smartphones. But in terms of the truth of the hadith in the Post Truth Era is still influenced by the interests of related parties so that the truth must be reviewed. Seeing the many uses of hadith in accordance with the wishes of the stakeholders. The interests are in the form of political interests and the interests of content providers with commercial purposes in various forms such as applications, dissemination on social media.

Thinking through drawing

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Magnani
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Road Signs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cognitive Activities ◽  
Intelligence Modeling ◽  
Epistemological Point ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe concept ofmanipulative abductionis devoted to capture the role of action in many interesting cognitive situations: action provides otherwise unavailable information that enables the agent to solve problems by starting and performing a suitable abductive process of generation or selection of hypotheses. We observe that many external things, usually inert from an epistemological point of view, can be transformed intoepistemic mediators. I will present some details derived from the history of the discovery of the non-Euclidean geometries that illustrate the relationships between strategies for anomaly resolution and visual thinking. Geometrical diagrams are external representations that play both amirrorrole (to externalize rough mental models) and anunveilingrole (as gateways to imaginary entities). I describe them as epistemic mediators able to perform various explanatory, non-explanatory, and instrumental abductive tasks (discovery of new properties or new propositions/hypotheses, provision of suitable sequences of models as able to convincingly verifying theorems, etc.). I am also convinced that they can be exploited and studied in everyday non-mathematical applications also to the aim of promoting new trends in artificial intelligence modeling of various aspects of hypothetical reasoning: finding routes, road signs, buildings maps, for example, in connection with various zooming effects of spatial reasoning. I also think that the cognitive activities of optical, mirror, and unveiling diagrams can be studied in other areas of manipulative and model-based reasoning, such as the ones involving creative, analogical, and spatial inferences, both in science and everyday situations so that this can extend the epistemological, computational, and the psychological theory.

scholarly journals Attractiveness of protected areas for geotourism purposes from the perspective of visitors: the example of Babiogórski National Park (Poland)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 358-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Widawski ◽  
Zdzisław Jary ◽  
Piotr Oleśniewicz ◽  
Piotr Owczarek ◽  
Julita Markiewicz-Patkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

AbstractThis article examines the tourist role of protected areas important for their unanimated nature potential. In Poland the highest form of legal protection is a national park. Babiogórski National Parks is one of 23 national parks in Poland. The aim of this article is to present its tourist attraction based on its geotourist potential considered by tourists who visit this park. At the beginning a brief history of protection of Babia Góra is presented. Based on stock-taking sightseeing method an analysis of the most important tourist attractiveness elements (like infrastructure or tourist values) is done. The focus on the values of unanimated nature is made grouping them into four main categories. As the result of research on infrastructure the most important accommodation units were indicated present at the surroundings of this National Park which is vital for its tourist capacity. For the correct functioning of tourist movement at the protected area the supporting infrastructure is important bearing a lot of functions. The function of channeling of the tourist movement as well as the didactic function are the most important for protection and correct use of geotourist values. Among the many elements of the supporting infrastructure the most important ones are tourist and didactic routes (their course and themes are presented). The most important part of the article is the presentation of the participants of the tourist movement opinions on the Babiogórski National Park tourist attractiveness. A survey was conducted and then analysed on 308 respondents in 2011. They were asked to judge both the quality of infrastructure as well as attraction of geotourist values together with their adaptation to reception by the tourist movement. The results analysis served as a base to appraise the state and perspectives for the geotourism development in Babiogórski National Park from the point of view of the receivers of tourist product i.e. the protected area.

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