OP83 Iterative Formative Research Informing Primary Care Education Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 21-21
Author(s):  
Josephine Belcher ◽  
Woroud Alzaher ◽  
Pradnya Naik-Panvelkar ◽  
Renee Granger
Keyword(s):  
Program Design ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Formative Research ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Research Questions

IntroductionNPS MedicineWise delivers nationwide educational programs for Australian general practitioners and community pharmacists. Extensive searching and synthesis of published and grey literature is undertaken to inform program design and development. However, this formative research process is lengthy, labour intensive and attempts to pre-emptively answer questions that could arise during design and development, prompting a process re-evaluation.MethodsA more targeted and iterative process was piloted entailing: (i) rapid collation (two weeks maximum) of basic contextual information into a pre-scoping briefing document including high-level statistics on medicines or test usage, key guidelines identification and collation of findings from relevant government and stakeholder reports, (ii) an internal advisory group reviewing the pre-scoping brief and identifying the highest priority research questions that must be answered to inform the design and development of the educational program, (iii) iterative work to answer the highest priority research questions with findings provided to the advisory group fortnightly, involving ad hoc search methods and snowballing techniques to identify pertinent literature quickly, (iv) iterative feedback from the advisory group as to whether the resulting work is adequate and development or whether further information is required, and reprioritisation of the work plan if necessary, and (v) completion of the formative research process within four or five iterations. The new approach was evaluated via surveys of the internal advisory group and staff involved in design and development. Administrative data on staffing and costs using the new approach were also compared with previous data.ResultsThis approach was trialled for three different educational programs. The resulting reports are more targeted, answer specific advisory group questions and take half the time to produce.ConclusionsThis approach can rapidly provide appropriate information to inform program design. The iterative approach has allowed greater responsiveness to changing advisory group priorities and process improvements.

scholarly journals Using the Virtual Reality-Cognitive Rehabilitation Approach to Improve Contextual Processing in Children with Autism

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Wang ◽  
Denise Reid
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Control Test ◽  
Contextual Processing

Background. This pilot study investigated the efficacy of a novel virtual reality-cognitive rehabilitation (VR-CR) intervention to improvecontextual processing of objectsin children with autism. Previous research supports that children with autism show deficits in contextual processing, as well as deficits in its elementary components: abstraction and cognitive flexibility.Methods. Four children with autism participated in a multiple-baseline, single-subject study. The children were taught how tosee objects in contextby reinforcing attention to pivotal contextual information.Results. All children demonstrated statistically significant improvements in contextual processing and cognitive flexibility. Mixed results were found on the control test and changes in context-related behaviours.Conclusions. Larger-scale studies are warranted to determine the effectiveness and usability in comprehensive educational programs.

scholarly journals Is Banning Significance Testing the Best Way to Improve Applied Social Science Research? – Questions on

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Thees F Spreckelsen ◽  
Mariska Van Der Horst
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Significance Testing ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Applied Social Science

Significance testing is widely used in social science research. It has long been criticised on statistical grounds and problems in the research practice. This paper is an applied researchers’ response to Gorard's (2016) ‘Damaging real lives through obstinacy: re-emphasising why significance testing is wrong’ in Sociological Research Online 21(1). He participates in this debate concluding from the issues raised that the use and teaching of significance testing should cease immediately. In that, he goes beyond a mere ban of significance testing, but claims that researchers still doing this are being unethical. We argue that his attack on applied scientists is unlikely to improve social science research and we believe he does not sufficiently prove his claims. In particular we are concerned that with a narrow focus on statistical significance, Gorard misses alternative, if not more important, explanations for the often-lamented problems in social science research. Instead, we argue that it is important to take into account the full research process, not just the step of data analysis, to get a better idea of the best evidence regarding a hypothesis.

scholarly journals Coherence for Nutrition: Insights From Nutrition-Relevant Policies and Programs in Burkina Faso and Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Billings ◽  
Rebecca Pradeilles ◽  
Stuart Gillespie ◽  
Anna Vanderkooy ◽  
Dieynab Diatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Policy Coherence ◽  
Nutrition Interventions ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Impact Pathway ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Desk Review

ABSTRACT There is consensus that policy coherence is necessary for implementing effective and sustainable approaches to tackle malnutrition. We look at whether policies and programmes provide a coherent pathway to address nutrition priorities and if programmes are designed to deliver interventions aligned to the nutrition policy agenda in Nigeria and Burkina Faso. A systematic desk review was performed on nutrition-relevant policy and programme documents, obtained through grey literature searches and expert recommendations. We developed a framework with an impact pathway structure that includes five process steps, which was used to guide coding, data reduction and synthesis and structure the analysis. We assessed internal coherence along process steps within a given document and external coherence across process steps for explicitly linked policy/programme pairs. The majority of policies and programmes had partial internal coherence for both countries. The identification of relevant nutrition interventions to address challenges and reach objectives was the strongest connection within policies (16 out of 45 had complete coherence) while among programmes the strongest connection was coverage indicators that measure interventions (9 out of 21 had complete coherence). Eight programmes explicitly referenced at least one nutrition-relevant policy with a total of 16 linked policy/programme pairs (13 pairs for Burkina Faso and 3 for Nigeria) across health, nutrition, agriculture, and social focus areas. However, none of the linked pairs were assessed to have complete external coherence suggesting that priorities at policy level are not fully realised nor translated at programme level. This study offers a new approach for assessment of policy and program coherence and specifically examines policy and program linkages. We conclude that improved leadership on country priority setting and better alignment for nutrition within and across sectors is needed to enhance the effectiveness of nutrition investments.

scholarly journals Development of an Evidence-Based mHealth Weight Management Program Using a Formative Research Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. e18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilma Waterlander ◽  
Robyn Whittaker ◽  
Hayden McRobbie ◽  
Enid Dorey ◽  
Kylie Ball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Management ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Formative Research ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Weight Management Program

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI CONTEXT AWARE PADA SISTEM TRAVEL PLANNER BERBASIS MOBILE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Viery Darmawan ◽  
◽  
Rengga Asmara ◽  
Ira Prasetyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Travel Efficiency ◽  
Opening And Closing

In the era of technological advances, tourists will first seek information about the tourist object to be addressed, even tourists often don't have a destination, so they have to search one by one via the internet. In determining travel plans, it is often to see one by one the review of tourist attractions and conclude the results will take a long time, while tourists need actual and fast information to determine the travel plans. In this study, the authors take a new approach, namely by creating a mobile-based travel planner system that compiles travel plans automatically by considering contextual information related to tourist location points, whether of tourist locations during travel days, travel opening and closing hours, so that it will increase travel efficiency without having to do the research manually which takes a long time. The system can also provide travel recommendations based on visitor comments sentiment on Google Places and is equipped with a trip route that will be generated automatically. This research is useful for helping tourists plan their trip actually because of the consideration of contextual information so that it will make it easier and save tourists time.

Design and analysis of a climbing robot for pylon maintenance

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-219
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Lu ◽  
Shiping Zhao ◽  
Xiaoyu Liu ◽  
Yishu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Adhesion Force ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Climbing Robot ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rotary Joint ◽  
Inspection And Maintenance ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the design and development of “Pylon-Climber II”, a 5-DOF biped climbing robot (degree of freedom – DOF) for moving on the external surface of a tower and assisting the electricians to complete some maintenance tasks. Design/methodology/approach The paper introduces a pole-climbing robot, which consists of a 5-DOF mechanical arm and two novel grippers. The gripper is composed of a two-finger clamping module and a retractable L-shaped hook module. The robot is symmetrical in structure, and the rotary joint for connecting two arms is driven by a linear drive mechanism. Findings The developed prototype proved a new approach for the inspection and maintenance of the electricity pylon. The gripper can reliably grasp the angle bars with different specifications by using combined movement of the two-finger clamping module and the retractable L-shaped hook module and provide sufficient adhesion force for the Pylon-Climber II. Practical implications The clamping experiments of the gripper and the climbing experiments of the robot were carried out on a test tower composed of some angle bars with different specification. Originality/value This paper includes the design and development of a 5-DOF biped climbing robot for electricity pylon maintenance. The climbing robot can move on the external surface of the electric power tower through grasping the angle bar alternatively. The gripper that is composed of a two-finger gripping module and a retractable L-shaped hook module is very compact and can provide reliable adhesion force for the climbing robot.

Promoting Undergraduate Student Research Collaboration: Faculty Perceptions of Benefits and Challenges

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Catherine Tompkins ◽  
Anissa Rogers ◽  
Harriet Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Faculty Perceptions ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Work Skills ◽  
Social Work Faculty ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Testing Instruments

Social work faculty from across the country (N=95) were surveyed to explore their perceptions about involving undergraduate students in their research projects. Results indicated that 58% of the respondents used undergraduate students in their research. Reported benefits of this involvement included that students brought enthusiasm, a willingness to learn, and a fresh vision to the research process. Students also brought social work skills and were helpful in conducting literature reviews, designing and pilot testing instruments, collecting and analyzing data, assisting with manuscripts, and presenting at conferences. Challenges reported by respondents included time and financial constraints for students and faculty as well as students' lack of understanding of and confidence about the research process. Implications are discussed, and further research questions are proposed.

Thinking Process in Legal Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-53
Author(s):  
P. Ishwara Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Reflective Thinking ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Thinking Process ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Problematic Situations

The second chapter discusses the way and means of carrying out the thinking process in legal research. Thinking is always in response to memory or a situation that the mind comes across. The three important processes of thinking laid down by scholars are: reflective thinking, epistemological steps, and the scientific method. Each poses central research questions in response to problematic situations or difficulties and tries to find answers by expanding the thinking process. The formulation of a tentative answer called hypothesis, working about its viability in light of exhaustive collection of data, and drawing inferences are the phases of the research process. There are subtle differences and common features amidst these approaches, which the present chapter closely compares and contrasts. It also discusses the relation between fact and theory, the differences between deductive and inductive reasoning, and the method of correlating and applying them in the course of legal research.

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