Terrestrial and understorey insectivorous birds of a Peruvian cloud forest: species richness, abundance, density, territory size and biomass

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Kikuchi
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Territory Size ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Insectivorous Birds ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Peruvian Andes ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western

Abstract:Terrestrial insectivorous birds in a cloud-forest on the north-western slope of the Peruvian Andes were described in terms of species richness, abundance, density, territory size and biomass. Abundance, density and territory size were also characterized for several understorey insectivores. The three terrestrial insectivore species, all in the genusGrallaria, had 35.25 territories on a 26.2-ha plot, defended territories of (mean ± SD) 1.65 ± 1.34 ha, dwelled at an average density of 4.4 ± 2.7 pairs per 10 ha per species and constituted a biomass of 2470 g per 10 ha. Eight understorey insectivore species had 122.75 territories on the plot, held territories 0.86 ± 0.62 ha in size, and lived at an average density of 5.0 ± 2.7 pairs per 10 ha per species. Six of the 11 species studied each occupied over 50% of the plot. Data on terrestrial insectivores from this study were compared with data from other Neotropical plots to examine how properties of guild structure relate to one another. Increasing densities, smaller territory sizes and higher biomasses appeared to be linked with decreasing species richness and increasing elevation, suggesting consistent patterns of covariance.

scholarly journals KLYUCHEVSKOY VOLCANO: NEW FLANK ERUPTION NAMED AFTER G.S. GORSHKOV, 2021 (KAMCHATKA)

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Ozerov ◽  
◽  
O.A. Girina, ◽  
D.V. Melnikov, ◽  
I.A. Nuzhdaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flow ◽  
Cinder Cone ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Flank Eruption ◽  
Associate Member ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
River Bed ◽  
North Western

February 18, 2021, a flank eruption started on the north-western slope of the Klyuchevskoy Volcano (Kamchatka, Russia). Cinder cone was formed at the altitude of 2 850 m above sea level, from which a lava flow was spreading north-west. Having moved 1.2 km downslope, the lava flow entered the Ehrmann Glacier, which resulted in the formation of huge mud-stone flows. The latter made their way further north-east along the Kruten’kaya River bed and reached the length of about 30 km. The eruption brought onto the surface high-aluminous basaltic andesites typical of the Klyuchevskoy Volcano. By March 21, the flank eruption ended. It has been named after G.S. Gorshkov, associate member of USSR Academy of Science, famous Russian volcanologist.

scholarly journals Organic enrichment and structure of the macrozoobenthic community in the northern Adriatic Sea in an area facing Adige and Po mouths

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 871-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Simonini ◽  
I. Ansaloni ◽  
A.M. Bonvicini Pagliai ◽  
D. Prevedelli
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Organic Enrichment ◽  
Northern Adriatic ◽  
Opportunistic Species ◽  
Species Richness And Diversity ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western ◽  
Macrozoobenthic Community

Abstract The structure of the macrozoobenthic community and the vertical distribution of organisms in the sediment were studied in order to assess the effects of river outflows and organic enrichment on the benthic community of the North Adriatic Sea. Sampling was carried out at one offshore sandy station (S3) and at two coastal muddy stations (S1 and S2), near to river Po and Adige deltas. Samples were collected in four surveys covering one year from April 1995 to January 1996. In all surveys, the offshore sandy station showed a complex trophic structure, high species richness and diversity, with the occurrence of tubicolous or burrowing polychaetes like Nothria conchylega, Aponuphis bilineata, Maldane sarsi, Nematonereis unicornis and Eunice vittata, which also colonized the deeper sediment layers. On the other hand, the coastal muddy stations both exhibited similar species composition and a great abundance of dominant, opportunistic species such as the bivalve Corbula gibba, typical of unstable sea bottoms with a high rate of sedimentation, and some polychaetes typical of sublittoral muddy bottoms such as Levinsenia gracilis, Aricidea claudiae, Prionospio malmgreni, Sternaspis scutata and P. cirrifera. The high density of a few opportunistic species (mainly surface-deposit feeders) and the scant penetration of organisms within sediments that characterized the stations S1 and S2 support other evidence of the eutrophication of the coastal areas of the north-western Adriatic Sea. However, the high biomass values, the species richness and diversity observed in S1 and S2 suggest the occurrence of less extreme conditions than at other highly-eutrophicated coastal areas. River outflows, eutrophication and, especially, the increasing frequency of acute dystrophic events may be recognized as the driving forces determining the structure and composition of the macrozoobenthic community at coastal areas of north-western Adriatic Sea.

scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER BASINS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN SLOPE OF THE CRIMEAN MOUNTAINS (ZAPADNYY BULGANAK, ALMA, KACHA, BELBEK, CHERNAYA RIVER BASINS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (73) (3) ◽  
pp. 267-278
Author(s):  
V. A. Tabunshchik
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Crimean Mountains ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western

Zapadnyy Bulganak, Alma, Kacha, Belbek, Chernaya rivers belong to the rivers of the north-western slope of the Crimean Mountains. The sources of the rivers are located on the north-western slopes of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains, then the rivers flow from east to west almost parallel to each other. Up to about the middle of their course, they have a character typical of mountain streams (except for the Zapadnyy Bulganak River). The river valleys in the upper reaches are V-shaped, narrow, their slopes are dissected by numerous gullies and tributaries. There are almost no tributaries in the middle and lower reaches. In the low-water period (low-water period), drying is observed in the estuaries of rivers. The catchment basins have an elongated shape along the river, expanded in the upper part, which is the main feeding area.The considered river basins, although they have, in comparison with the rest, the river basins of the Crimean Peninsula, are better studied in general, but they are not sufficiently studied. In the article author deals with the main morphometric characteristics of river basins of the North-Western slope of the Crimean Mountains. Using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and ArcGIS software for river basins Zapadnyy Bulganak, Alma, Kacha, Belbek, Chernaya are analyzed the following morphometric parameters – area of the basin, the symmetry of the basin, length of the basin, width of the basin, configuration and irregularity of the outline of river basin, the highest and lowest elevation within the basin, the average altitude of the river basin, the average slope of the river basin. Some of the morphometric indicators are calculated for the first time. For morphometric indicators that were partially previously calculated using topographic maps and published in literature, a comparison and analysis with the calculated data is provided. It is established that the using of SRTM and the ArcGIS software allows for fairly accurate measurements of morphometric indicators of the river basin.

scholarly journals Densities and habitat preferences of Andean cloud-forest birds in pristine and degraded habitats in north-eastern Ecuador

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Cresswell ◽  
M. Hughes ◽  
R. Mellanby ◽  
S. Bright ◽  
P. Catry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Restricted Range ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Pristine Forest

SummaryThe montane cloud-forests of the north-central Andes and the montane grassland and transitional elfin forest of the central Andean páramo contain a high diversity of bird species including several restricted range and uncommon species. Little is known of how densities of Andean cloud-forest species are affected by habitat degradation. Bird densities within pristine and degraded habitats at the Guandera Biological Reserve, Carchi province, Ecuador were recorded over a 10-week period. Densities were calculated for 48 species; where densities could be compared, 69% of species occurred at a higher density in pristine habitats. Pristine forest had the highest species richness with 72 species and páramo contained 44 species. In total, 26% of pristine forest species were only found in pristine forest, 39% of páramo species only in páramo, 13% of farmland species only in farmland and there were no exclusively secondary scrub species; 47% of species found in pristine forest, and 50% found in páramo were found in both secondary scrub and farmland. Restricted range species recorded at Guandera included the Carunculated Caracara Phalcobenus carunculatus, Black-thighed Puffleg Eriocnemis derbyi, Chestnut-bellied Cotinga Doliornis remseni, Crescent-faced Antpitta Grallaricula lineifrons, Masked Mountain-tanager Buthraupis wetmorei and Black-backed Bush-tanager Urothraupis stolzmanni. Three further species that occurred at Guandera of relatively local occurrence were the Grey-breasted Mountain Toucan Andigena hypoglauca, Golden-breasted Puffleg Eriocnemis mosquera and Mountain Avocetbill Opisthoprora euryptera. Of these nine species at least five used degraded habitats, while three occurred only in pristine treeline habitats.

scholarly journals Estimating True Species Richness and the Degree of Hierarchical Structuring of Species Abundances in Eight Frog Communities from the North-Western Ghats of India

2018 ◽  
pp. 118-137
Author(s):  
Jean Béguinot
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Ghats Of India ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
Hierarchical Structuring ◽  
North Western

The Distribution of Species Abundances within natural communities – when properly analysed – can provide essential information regarding general aspects of the internal organisation of these communities. In particular, true species richness on the one hand and the intensity of the process of hierarchical structuring of species abundances on the other hand may be estimated independently and, thereby, can provide truly complementary information. In turn, specific issues may thereby be addressed. For example, whether one unique dominant factor or numerous combined factors are involved in the structuring process of a community can be tested contradictorily. Although these methods are not new conceptually, their implementation in common practice remains scarce. The reason is that the relevant implementation of these methods requires to be sure that virtually all member-species in the community have been sampled. As exhaustive samplings often reveal difficult to achieve in practice, an appropriate, least-biased procedure of numerical extrapolation of incomplete inventories is imperatively required. Considering the steadily increasing threats to the environment and biodiversity, especially facing the on-going climatic change, time has come now with ever greater urgency to go beyond the apparent limits of non-exhaustive sampling and make the most of what is available in terms of recorded field data, whatever the degree of incompleteness of species inventories. As a modest and limited attempt to concretise this wish at the local level, I try, hereafter, to highlight the importance of additional information that may be unveiled  through adequate post-analysis of a set of eight frog communities, recently inventoried by Katwate, Apte & Raut in an amphibian hot-spot in the north-western Ghats of India. At last, the likely variations of both total species richness and the intensity of hierarchical structuring of species abundance are simulated as an answer to the steadily increasing influence of the ongoing climatic change.

Notes on brown hornblende and biotite from Shabō-zan, of the Dalton volcanoes, Taiwan, Japan

1931 ◽  
Vol 22 (134) ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Ichimura
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
The North ◽  
Characteristic Cone ◽  
Grey Colour ◽  
North Western

The Dalton volcanoes include all the volcanic groups which rise up at the north-western end of Taiwan (Formosa). They are old extinct volcanoes underlain by highly disturbed Tertiary sediments. Among them Shichisei-zan is the highest and the most prominent, rising up to 1108.7 metres above sea-level. It is mostly made up of hornb]ende-andesite, hypersthene-hornblende-andesite, and agglomerates. On the western slope of this partly dissected volcano there is a very characteristic cone called Shabō-zan. Its elevation is 643 metres above sea-level, and it is mostly made up of hypersthenehornblende- andesite poured out through the thick accumulation of agglomerates. The andesite here has usually a grey colour, but often passes into a light reddish-brown variety, being sometimes associated with a noritic segregation mass. It is noteworthy that some of the andesites abundantly contain brown hornblende. This mineral also frequently appears, together with brown biotite, in the segregation mass.

scholarly journals PERSPECTIVES OF DETECTION OF DEPOSITS OF DIAMONDS IN THE KUHOTSKO-BILSKA AREA

2018 ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Heiko ◽  
I. V. Tarasko ◽  
V. L. Prykhodko ◽  
V. V. Drozdetskyi ◽  
L. M. Shymkiv
Keyword(s):  
Material Composition ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
The North ◽  
New Type ◽  
Geophysical Information ◽  
North Western ◽  
New View

The article presents the results of prospecting of diamond boring within the Kuhotsko-Bilska area, which is located on the north-western slope of the Ukrainian Shield.The data of the researches of 1995–2013 made it possible to form a new view on regional and local criteria and signs of diamond-bearing area of work, including a detailed study of the material composition of breccia, to distinguish among them explosive, to discover a new type of potentially diamond- bearing structures.According to all available geological and geophysical information, specific recommendations are given for direct searches for kimberlite or lamproite bodies within promising structures and breccia occurrence.

scholarly journals New localities of Protostropharia alcis (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Halama ◽  
Barbara Kudławiec
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
New Records ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Lake District ◽  
The North ◽  
New Localities ◽  
North Western

The present paper provides new records of <em>Protostropharia alcis </em>in Poland. So far this species was known in the country only from several latest localities in the Biebrza National Park (Biebrza Basin) and the Kampinos National Park (Warsaw Basin). The new localities are situated in the Wigierski National Park (the East Sudetian Lake District) and in the north-western slope of Mt Wierzejska (the Holy Cross Mountains), where <em>P. alcis </em>was collected on dung of herbivores (eurasian elk and red dear) within several types of forest communities. All specimens of <em>P. alcis </em>were collected in recent years, from late September to early October, in the period 2012-2013. A full description and illustration of <em>P. alcis </em>based on gathered collections are given. Its delimitation, the knowledge of its ecology, general distribution, and threat is also briefly discussed. Based on the new and known distribution data for <em>P. alcis </em>in Poland, its red list category is proposed.

scholarly journals The evolution of slump-induced destruction of Kukuy Griva slope (lake Baikal) revealed on the base of the data of seismic and acoustic surveys

2016 ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
M. A. Solovyeva ◽  
A. V. Starovoytov ◽  
G. G. Akhmanov ◽  
O. M. Khlystov ◽  
A. V. Khabuev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Rift System ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Landslide Processes ◽  
Acoustic Surveys ◽  
First Time ◽  
North Western ◽  
Tectonic Movements

As a result of careful interpretation of the data of recent seismo-acoustic surveys, two major seismic complexes were identified in the structure of upper sedimentary section of the north-western slope of Kukuy Griva (ridge). They are composed of several very characteristic inner seismo-facies and separated by well-expressed regional reflector. Seismic and acoustic data revealed evidences of numerous landslide processes which were different in age and peculiarities of manifestation. For the first time, detailed schemes of seismo-facies distribution are compiled for both major seismic complexes. The boundary between seismic complexes is dated as 150 thousands years. It is shown that sliding was more intensive during Late Pleistocene and Holocene, reflecting activation of tectonic movements in this part of Baikal rift system.

scholarly journals A new striking and critically endangered species of Nasa (Loasaceae, Cornales) from North Peru

PhytoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 13-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilo Henning ◽  
Rafael Acuña Castillo ◽  
Eric Frank Rodríguez Rodríguez ◽  
Luis Felipe García Llatas ◽  
Maximilian Weigend
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Peruvian Andes ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Forest Remnants

Nasaangeldiazioidessp. nov. is described and illustrated. The species is restricted to two forest remnants on the western slope of the northern Peruvian Andes (Dept. Lambayeque) where it is found in the undergrowth of primary forest. The new taxon shows a unique leaf morphology in the family Loasaceae. Molecular and morphological data show that the new species belongs to the Nasatriphylla group. Since the relic forests of the north-western Andes are increasingly threatened by the effects of climate change, i.e. droughts and wildfires, the new species already faces imminent extinction.

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