Economic collaboration of family members within and beyond households in English society, 1600–2000

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD WALL
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Economic Support ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
English Society ◽  
Economic Collaboration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Regular Contact

ABSTRACTThis article evaluates the extent of economic support provided by the family in English society. The first issue addressed is the importance given to relationships between family members both by contemporaries and by historians when attempting to distinguish different types of household. Following sections of the article discuss the role of households in redistributing income from the better-paid to the less well-paid or non-earners and the significance of economic support received from members of the family living elsewhere relative to that provided from within the household and from other outside sources, such as the community, employers and neighbours. A further section then assesses the impact of demographic change on the size and composition of the kin group and the extent to which population mobility made regular contact with close kin more difficult.

scholarly journals Parental perspective: The role of prostheses and prosthetics services in adjusting to a child’s upper limb difference

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tara Sims
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Parental Adjustment ◽  
Prosthetic Devices ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: The impact of paediatric upper limb difference may extend beyond the child themselves to their parents and other family members. Previous research has found that feelings of shock, numbness and loss are common amongst parents and that peer support can be a buffer against stress. OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to explore the experiences of parents of children with limb difference, and the role of services and prosthetic devices in these experiences. METHODS: Nine parents of children with limb difference participated in either a group (n= 2) or individual (n= 7) interview. RESULTS: Analysis of the interview transcripts revealed four themes – ‘grief and guilt’, ‘prosthesis as a tool for parental adjustment’, ‘support’ and ‘fun and humour’. CONCLUSIONS: Parents may employ coping strategies to help them adjust to their child’s limb difference, including use of a prosthesis, accessing support from statutory services and peers, and use of fun and humour within the family.

scholarly journals KOMUNIKASI SEBAGAI UPAYA UNTUK MEMBANGUN KETAHANAN KELUARGA DALAM KAJIAN "TEORI NILAI ETIK"

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
M. Nur Kholis Al Amin
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Family Resilience ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact

Family is the main foundation for character formation and the role of family members. In addition, the family also plays a major role in the patterns of interaction that exist in people’s lives.  However, the development and changes that occur in society can effect the pattern (role) of family life. Today, the development of science and technology is able to influence the shape of society’s life structure toward the “modern society”, one of the impact on family structure is the existance of madern family, which is characterized by the intensity of meetings among family members is increasingly “limit” due to the high level of activity outside the household, such as: children who are out of town school, husband and wife career, husband who works outside the city and see also. Moreover, because the development of communication, so this can be made as a means to build family resilience. Therefore, this article will try to examine communication systems as a significant element to build family resiliaence throught historical contex and sociological approaches, where the presentasion is by integrating, describing, and the analyzing social phenomena—modern family life patterns, changes and developments in technology, communication—using “nilai etik theory” through several rules of Islamic communication as the value of communicating in the family. So that, when viewed from “nilai etik theory” develop by Rahman, conclusions can be obtained, that there are several elements of a very close relationship to the principles of Islamic communication, development of family structure, and family resilience as a way to build a family that is a sakinah, mawaddan and rahmah.Dewasa ini, perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi mampu mempengaruhi bentuk struktur kehidupan masyarakat ke arah “masyarakat modern”, yang salah satu dampaknya berpengaruh terhadap struktur yang ditandai dengan terbatasnya tingkat intensitas pertemuan antar anggota keluarga karena tingginya aktivitas di luar rumah tangga, seperti; anak yang sekolah atau kuliah di luar kota, suami-istri yang berkarir, suami yang bekerja di luar kota, dan sebaliknya. Lebih lanjut, karena perkembangan alat komunikasi yang semakin maju, maka hal tersebut dapat  dijadikan sebagai salah satu sarana untuk membangun ketahanan keluarga. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini akan coba menelaah sistem komunikasi sebagai unsur yang signifikan untuk membangun ketahanan keluarga melalui pendekatan historis (historical contex) dan pendekatan sosiologis, di mana pemaparannya dengan cara memadukan, mendeskripsikan, dan kemudian menganalisis fenomena sosial—pola kehidupan keluarga modern, perubahan dan perkembangan teknologi, komunikasi—menggunakan teori nilai etik melalui beberapa kaidah komunikasi Islam sebagai nilai berkomunikasi di dalam keluarga. Sehingga, apabila ditinjau dari “teori nilai etik” yang dikembangkan oleh Rahman, dapat diperoleh kesimpulan, bahwa terdapat beberapa unsur hubungan yang sangat erat terhadap prinsip-prinsip komunikasi Islam, perkembangan struktur keluarga, dan ketahanan keluarga sebagai jalan untuk membangun keluarga yang sakinah, mawaddah dan rahmah.

scholarly journals Studi Komparasi Pemikiran Elly Risman dan Konsep Perkawinan Islam dalam Pola Ketahanan Keluarga untuk Mencegah Kenakalan Remaja

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-193
Author(s):  
Ely Muawanah
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Family Resilience ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Family ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Islamic Marriage

Family resilience consists of three things, namely physical, social, and psychological resilience. So, the application of this resilience pattern will lead to interactions between family members, so that happiness or family crises can emerge, such as juvenile delinquency. Thus the researcher is interested in comparing Elly Risman's thoughts and the concept of Islamic marriage. The focus of the studies examined in this article are: 1) What is the Pattern of Family Resilience to Prevent Juvenile Delinquency According to Elly Risman? 2) What is the pattern of family resilience to prevent juvenile delinquency according to the concept of an Islamic marriage? 3) How is the comparison between Elly Risman's thoughts and the concept of Islamic marriage in the pattern of family resilience to prevent juvenile delinquency? In this study, the authors took normative legal research. Based on the results and conclusions of research conducted by researchers, among others: 1) the concept of family resilience according to Elly Risman includes tips for being able to adapt and survive, factors of weakening family resilience, the impact of weakening family resilience, and efforts to maintain the family. 2) the concept of family resilience according to Islamic marriage includes the urgency of having a family, family goals, family wisdom, rights and obligations of family members, factors needed in family resilience as well as managing conflict and building family resilience. 3) The comparison of Elly Risman's thoughts and the concept of Islamic marriage in family resilience includes, Elly Risman's view on family resilience puts forward feelings that have an impact on psychology and family resilience that will have an impact on children's growth. Elly Risman also revealed the important role of parents in childcare. Whereas in the concept of Islamic marriage, it includes considering the purpose of having a family, prioritizing the rights and obligations of family members, and paying attention to equality.

scholarly journals Phobia: Impact on Academic Outcomes of Students Aged Between 6 Years to 18 Years - A Case Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Gururaj Ganapati Gouda ◽  
Laveena D’Mello
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Academic Outcome ◽  
Well Performance ◽  
The Family ◽  
Specific Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Severe Anxiety

Background: Most of us have experience of fear at any point of our lifetime. When this common fear turns to severe anxiety can be named as a phobia. The phobia is one of the psychological disorders which imbalance our day today’s wellbeing. Normally children have frequent experience of fear and few of them suffer from severe anxiety disorder. The influence of the external world is the main cause of any phobic problems. Result: As per this case study common fear or phobic disorder among children is affecting the academic performance of the children and their day today’s activities. It is highly recommended to expertize the teachers and educate the family members to have an insight on phobic disorders and its impacts on children. Most therapeutic approaches are currently being used for children for the prevention of phobic and anxiety disorders are individual child-focused treatments. Family members or teachers generally play a little or indirect role in the treatment process. However, the role of teacher’s and family member’s in identifying and managing anxious children will help the child for being potential in fighting against such disorders. Specific assessment, including the interview, reporting instruments, other-report measures, behavioural observations, monitoring, and physiological assessment are the tools in finding solutions for phobic problems among children. Conclusion: The above case study is giving us an experimental idea on deferent types of anxiety disorders and their impact on the child’s academic outcome. However the impact of phobia is not only on the academic outcome of the child but also on its behaviour and social wellbeing, it will also disturb the child in its day today’s activities. The timely approach with several therapies will help the child to cope-up with the phobic problems and balance well performance in academic as well as in social activities.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE FAMILY AS A SOCIO-CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE CHILD'S EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabella Babayan
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
The Family ◽  
Modern Family ◽  
The Impact

In this article, we present the modern family as a socio-cultural environment for the upbringing of a child, emphasizing the role of family traditions, rituals, and the re-lationship between family members in the upbringing of a child. We have analyzed our research on this issue and presented the results.

Situational Breakdowns

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Nassauer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

This book provides an account of how and why routine interactions break down and how such situational breakdowns lead to protest violence and other types of surprising social outcomes. It takes a close-up look at the dynamic processes of how situations unfold and compares their role to that of motivations, strategies, and other contextual factors. The book discusses factors that can draw us into violent situations and describes how and why we make uncommon individual and collective decisions. Covering different types of surprise outcomes from protest marches and uprisings turning violent to robbers failing to rob a store at gunpoint, it shows how unfolding situations can override our motivations and strategies and how emotions and culture, as well as rational thinking, still play a part in these events. The first chapters study protest violence in Germany and the United States from 1960 until 2010, taking a detailed look at what happens between the start of a protest and the eruption of violence or its peaceful conclusion. They compare the impact of such dynamics to the role of police strategies and culture, protesters’ claims and violent motivations, the black bloc and agents provocateurs. The analysis shows how violence is triggered, what determines its intensity, and which measures can avoid its outbreak. The book explores whether we find similar situational patterns leading to surprising outcomes in other types of small- and large-scale events: uprisings turning violent, such as Ferguson in 2014 and Baltimore in 2015, and failed armed store robberies.

scholarly journals National movement patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand: the unexplored role of neighbourhood deprivation

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-216108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Campbell ◽  
Lukas Marek ◽  
Jesse Wiki ◽  
Matthew Hobbs ◽  
Clive E Sabel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Neighbourhood Deprivation ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has asked unprecedented questions of governments around the world. Policy responses have disrupted usual patterns of movement in society, locally and globally, with resultant impacts on national economies and human well-being. These interventions have primarily centred on enforcing lockdowns and introducing social distancing recommendations, leading to questions of trust and competency around the role of institutions and the administrative apparatus of state. This study demonstrates the unequal societal impacts in population movement during a national ‘lockdown’.MethodsWe use nationwide mobile phone movement data to quantify the effect of an enforced lockdown on population mobility by neighbourhood deprivation using an ecological study design. We then derive a mobility index using anonymised aggregated population counts for each neighbourhood (2253 Census Statistical Areas; mean population n=2086) of national hourly mobile phone location data (7.45 million records, 1 March 2020–20 July 2020) for New Zealand (NZ).ResultsCurtailing movement has highlighted and exacerbated underlying social and spatial inequalities. Our analysis reveals the unequal movements during ‘lockdown’ by neighbourhood socioeconomic status in NZ.ConclusionIn understanding inequalities in neighbourhood movements, we are contributing critical new evidence to the policy debate about the impact(s) and efficacy of national, regional or local lockdowns which have sparked such controversy.

scholarly journals Threat or Corrective? Assessing the Impact of Populist Parties in Government on the Qualities of Democracy: A 19-Country Comparison

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Davide Vittori
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Quality Of Democracy ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Scholars have long debated whether populism harms or improves the quality of democracy. This article contributes to this debate by focusing on the impact of populist parties in government. In particular, it inquires: (1) whether populists in government are more likely than non-populists to negatively affect the quality of democracies; (2) whether the role of populists in government matters; and (3) which type of populism is expected to negatively affect the quality of liberal-democratic regimes. The results find strong evidence that the role of populists in government affects several qualities of democracy. While robust, the findings related to (2) are less clear-cut than those pertaining to (1). Finally, regardless of their role in government, different types of populism have different impacts on the qualities of democracy. The results show that exclusionary populist parties in government tend to have more of a negative impact than other forms of populism.

scholarly journals Validation of the German version of the Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) to assess the impact of disease on the partner or family member

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne A. Elsner ◽  
Sam S. Salek ◽  
Andrew Y. Finlay ◽  
Anna Hagemeier ◽  
Catherine J. Bottomley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Test Validity ◽  
Family Members ◽  
German Version ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) assesses the impact of a patient’s chronic illness on the quality of life (QoL) of the patient’s partner or family members. The aim of the study was to translate, explore the structure of and validate the FROM-16. Methods The questionnaire was translated from English into German (forward, backward, four independent translators). Six interviews with family members were conducted to confirm the questionnaire for linguistic, conceptual, semantic and experiential equivalence and its practicability. The final German translation was tested for internal consistency, reproducibility and test validity. Criterion validity was tested by correlating the scores of the FROM-16 and the Global Health Scale (GHS). Principal component analysis, factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the questionnaire’s structure and its domains. Reliability and reproducibility were tested computing the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) using one sample t-test for testing the hypothesis that the difference between the scores was not different from zero. Results Overall, 83 family members (61% female, median age: 61 years) completed the questionnaire at two different times (mean interval: 22 days). Internal consistency was good for the FROM-16 scores (Cronbach’s α for total score = 0.86). In those with stable GHS, the ICC for the total score was 0.87 and the difference was not different from zero (p = 0.262) indicating reproducible results. A bi-factor model with a general factor including all items, and two sub-factors comprising the items from the original 2-factor construct had the best fit. Conclusions The German FROM-16 has good reliability, test validity and practicability. It can be considered as an appropriate and generic tool to measure QoL of a patient’s partner or family member. Due to the presence of several cross-loadings we do not recommend the reporting of the scores of the two domains proposed for the original version of FROM-16 when using the German version. Thus, in reporting the results emphasis should be put on the total score. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered: DRKS00021070.

The Role of Understanding on Architectural Beauty: Evidence From the Impact of Semantic Description on the Aesthetic Evaluation of Architecture

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110021
Author(s):  
Sizhe Liu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xianyou He ◽  
Xiaoxiang Tang ◽  
Shuxian Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Aesthetic Evaluation ◽  
Abstract Description ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Appearance Design ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Impact

There is evidence that greater aesthetic experience can be linked to artworks when their corresponding meanings can be successfully inferred and understood. Modern cultural-expo architecture can be considered a form of artistic creation and design, and the corresponding design philosophy may be derived from representational objects or abstract social meanings. The present study investigates whether cultural-expo architecture with an easy-to-understand architectural appearance design is perceived as more beautiful and how architectural photographs and different types of descriptions of architectural appearance designs interact and produce higher aesthetic evaluations. The results showed an obvious aesthetic preference for cultural-expo architecture with an easy-to-understand architectural appearance design (Experiment 1). Moreover, we found that the aesthetic rating score of architectural photographs accompanied by an abstract description was significantly higher than that of those accompanied by a representational description only under the difficult-to-understand design condition (Experiment 2). The results indicated that people preferred cultural-expo architecture with an easy-to-understand architectural appearance design due to a greater understanding of the design, providing further evidence that abstract descriptions can provide supplementary information and explanation to enhance the sense of beauty of abstract cultural-expo architecture.

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