scholarly journals Blockchain’s future: can the decentralized blockchain community succeed in creating standards?

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Flood ◽  
Adrian McCullagh
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Methods ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Way

Abstract Nakamoto proposed a new solution to transact value via the internet. And since 2009, blockchain technology has expanded and diversified. It has, however, proven to be inefficient in the way it achieves its outcomes, especially through the proof of work protocol. Other developers are promoting alternative methods but, as yet, none has superseded proof of work. The competing protocols illuminate a key feature of the blockchain community, namely, its inability to create consensus in a decentralized community. Because of this lack of consensus, the formation of standards is particularly difficult to achieve. At best standards are contested sites, and we examine three such sites where some form of agreement over standards will be essential if blockchain is to evolve successfully. These three sites are blockchain governance, smart contracts, and interoperability of blockchains. We argue that because standards’ formation is a contested and contingent process, the blockchain community will persist in creating difficulties and barriers for itself until it is able to resolve internal conflicts.

The Blockchain Technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ben Ayed ◽  
Mohamed Amine Belhajji
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
Public Resource ◽  
The Future ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
The Way

This article describes how Blockchain is a technology that has a great potential to change the way business is done in the future, exactly like the internet did in the early nineties. Blockchain offers new opportunities to develop new types of digital services to overcome business problems, and improve business practices by making transaction information a public resource. While research on the topic is still emerging, it has mostly focused on crypto-currencies instead of taking advantage of this novel concept to create new advanced services. This article discusses blockchain and the technology behind it, some of its possible applications, as well as threats targeting the new poorly understood technology.

The Blockchain Technology

2020 ◽  
pp. 1770-1781
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ben Ayed ◽  
Mohamed Amine Belhajji
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
Public Resource ◽  
The Future ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
The Way

This article describes how Blockchain is a technology that has a great potential to change the way business is done in the future, exactly like the internet did in the early nineties. Blockchain offers new opportunities to develop new types of digital services to overcome business problems, and improve business practices by making transaction information a public resource. While research on the topic is still emerging, it has mostly focused on crypto-currencies instead of taking advantage of this novel concept to create new advanced services. This article discusses blockchain and the technology behind it, some of its possible applications, as well as threats targeting the new poorly understood technology.

scholarly journals Legal Issues Arising from Smart Contracts under the Iraqi Law

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Ahmed Aziz Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Computer Programs ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Computer Codes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Way

Smart contracts can be defined as computer codes which are run digitally by computer programs to utilise the negotiation, formation, and performance of an automated and irreversible agreement between the contracting parties. Smart contracts are distinguished from other forms of contracts in terms of the way they are concluded which is through Blockchain Technology. In contrast to conventional contracts established through speech, written words or actions, smart contracts are algorithmic and self-executing agreements. In this article, smart contracts will be discussed from the perspective of their general rules and features and the Iraqi law. This study analyses the formation mechanisms of the general principles in Iraqi law governing the contracts and how these mechanisms can be applied to the new technological framework of smart contracts. In addition, integrating smart contracts into the current legal provisions in Iraq is examined.

scholarly journals Blockchain technology as a regulatory technology: From code is law to law is code

First Monday ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Primavera De Filippi ◽  
Samer Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Legal Code ◽  
Traditional Notion ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Internet Users

“Code is law” refers to the idea that, with the advent of digital technology, code has progressively established itself as the predominant way to regulate the behavior of Internet users. Yet, while computer code can enforce rules more efficiently than legal code, it also comes with a series of limitations, mostly because it is difficult to transpose the ambiguity and flexibility of legal rules into a formalized language which can be interpreted by a machine. With the advent of blockchain technology and associated smart contracts, code is assuming an even stronger role in regulating people’s interactions over the Internet, as many contractual transactions get transposed into smart contract code. In this paper, we describe the shift from the traditional notion of “code is law” (i.e., code having the effect of law) to the new conception of “law is code” (i.e., law being defined as code).

Concept of Blockchain Technology and Its Emergence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Padmavathi U. ◽  
Narendran Rajagopalan
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Authentication And Authorization ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Blockchain refers to a distributed ledger technology that helps people to regulate and manage their information without any intermediaries. This technology emerges as a promising panacea for authentication and authorization with potential for use in every possible domain including financial, manufacturing, educational institutions, etc. Blockchain has its birth through the concept of Bitcoin, a digital cryptocurrency by Satoshi Nakamoto, called as Blockchain 1.0. Blockchain 2.0 came into existence in 2014 with Ethereum and smart contracts. The challenges such as scalability, interoperability, sustainability, and governance led to the next generation of Blockchain also called as IOTA, a blockchainless cryptocurrency for the internet of things runs on the top of their own ledger called Tangle, which is immune towards quantum computers. This disruptive technology evolved to provide cross chain support and more security through Blockchain 4.0. Finally, the chapter concludes by discussing the various applications of this technology and its advantages and security issues.

scholarly journals Challenges Potential and Future of Internet of Things Integrated with Blockchain

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S7) ◽  
pp. 530-536
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Discrete Condition ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
The Way

In the Internet of Things (IoT) idea, regular gadgets end up savvy and self-governing. As we are seeing idea behind this is transforming into a realism on account of achievement in innovation, but we still face challenges, especially in some field like security e.g., information dependability. Taking account, the upcoming advancement in the field of IoT, it seems very important to give trust in the field of enormous approaching data foundation. Blockchain has given us the new way to share our data with others. Building such a trust in discrete condition with is term as the key factor of blockchain in which we don’t need any specialists is a hi-tech development that can possibly change numerous enterprises, the IoT among them. Troublesome advances, for example, IoT used enormous information and distributed to beat its restrictions, and we blockchain can be one of the accompanying ones. This paper centers around this correlation, explores difficulties in blockchain with IoT implementation, and reviews recent significant work so as to investigate about how the existing blockchain technology can change the way we work in IoT.

scholarly journals From Inactivity to Full Enforcement: The Implementation of the "Do No Harm" Approach in Initial Coin Offerings

2020 ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Marco Dell'Erba
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Securities Regulation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Do No Harm ◽  
Securities Laws ◽  
Initial Coin Offerings ◽  
The Way

This Article analyzes the way the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) has enforced securities laws with regard to Initial Coin Offerings (“ICOs”). In a speech held in 2016, the U.S. Commodities Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) Chairman Christopher Giancarlo emphasized the similarities between the advent of the blockchain technology and the Internet era. He offered the “do no harm” approach as the best way to regulate blockchain technology. The Clinton administration implemented the “do no harm” approach at the beginning of the Internet Era in the 1990s when regulators sought to support technological innovations without stifling them with burdensome rules. This Article suggests that the SEC adopted a “do no harm approach” and successfully pursued two of its fundamental institutional goals when enforcing securities laws in the context of ICOs: investor protection and preservation of capital formation. After providing a brief description of the basics of ICOs and the way they have evolved in the last two years, this Article examines the transition into a new phase of full enforcement action implemented by the SEC. This shift from inactivity to enforcement was gradual, characterized by clearly identifiable steps. Data on ICOs demonstrates that this rigorous enforcement of securities laws has not damaged the industry in the United States and may suggest that entrepreneurs have adapted to this enforcement approach. By contrast, a lack of enforcement would have probably increased uncertainty to the detriment of investors and entrepreneurs and put the UNITED STATES at a disadvantage in the international arena. Furthermore, this paper emphasizes the importance of pursuing specific goals in the short-to-medium term, particularly in order to make securities regulation uniform and avoid differences at the state and federal levels, as well as to encourage industry authorities such as Self-Regulatory Organizations (SROs) to develop high standards for self-regulation.

“The Fabric of our Lives”

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-167
Author(s):  
Jim McDonnell
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
Information Ethics ◽  
Media Ecology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Problematic Area ◽  
The Way

This paper is a first attempt to explore how a theology of communication might best integrate and develop reflection on the Internet and the problematic area of the so-called “information society.” It examines the way in which official Church documents on communications have attempted to deal with these issues and proposes elements for a broader framework including “media ecology,” information ethics and more active engagement with the broader social and policy debates.

Utilizing Blockchain Technology in Social Media Bot Identification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Reddy ◽  
Lisa Ewen ◽  
Pankti Patel ◽  
Prerak Patel ◽  
Ankit Kundal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Machine Learning Models

<p>As bots become more prevalent and smarter in the modern age of the internet, it becomes ever more important that they be identified and removed. Recent research has dictated that machine learning methods are accurate and the gold standard of bot identification on social media. Unfortunately, machine learning models do not come without their negative aspects such as lengthy training times, difficult feature selection, and overwhelming pre-processing tasks. To overcome these difficulties, we are proposing a blockchain framework for bot identification. At the current time, it is unknown how this method will perform, but it serves to prove the existence of an overwhelming gap of research under this area.<i></i></p>

Tendencies of development of modern innovative technologies and the digital economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
S. M. Doguchaeva
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The era of digital transformation provides the opportunity for leading companies to change priorities - to begin to take care of the support environment using innovative technologies and become a leading creative platform open for innovation. The successful development of the digital world, the blockchain technology, the Internet of things – the mechanism which will change the financial world. 

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