Some clues to the nature of semantic development

ABSTRACTStudies of comprehension of the quantifiers all and more are reported. The subjects were children between the ages of three and five. There were two main conditions. In one of these the objects to which the quantifiers related were enclosed in containers which either were or were not filled by the objects. In the other no containers were present. These conditions yielded substantially different response patterns. The relation of the findings to those typically obtained from Piagetian conservation tasks is discussed; and the implications for theories of semantic development are considered.

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Diurnal mesospheric tidal winds observed simultaneously by meteor radar in Costa Rica (10° N, 86° W) and Cariri (7° S, 37° W)

10.5194/angeo-2019-134 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ricardo A. Buriti ◽

Wayne Hocking ◽

Paulo P. Batista ◽

Igo Paulino ◽

Ana R. Paulino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Equatorial Region ◽

The Other ◽

Meteor Radar ◽

Santa Cruz ◽

Poor Agreement ◽

Vertical Wavelength ◽

Local Climate ◽

Different Response

Abstract. This paper is about a study of diurnal tides on meteor wind observed simultaneously by two meteor radars sited on equatorial region. The radar are located in Santa Cruz (10.3° N, 85.6° W), Costa Rica (hereafter CR) and in São João do Cariri (7.4° S, 36.5° W), Brazil (hereafter CA). The distance between them is 5800 km. Harmonic analysis was used to get information of amplitude and phase (hour of peak amplitude) of diurnal, semidiurnal and terdiurnal tides between 82 and 98 km of height. The period of observation was from April 2005 to January 2006. The results were compared to GSWM00 model. In general, seasonal agreement between observation and model was satisfactory to zonal and meridional amplitudes. Values of zonal and meridional amplitudes from November to January to CR were very different of GSWM00. Peak of zonal amplitude (~ 25 m/s) to CR was observed in September and December between 90 and 94 km. On the other hand, meridional phase was excellent to both sites and vertical wavelength of 25 km was observed practically every month to CR and CA. The zonal phase presented some difficult to get vertical wavelength according to criteria adopted to calculate it. Considering diurnal zonal amplitude, when we compare CR and CA, we could expect a poor agreement of amplitude between them. That is normal if we believe that this is because the geographical location of both sites are completely different in terms of local climate even if they are close to the equator and effect of heat latent release could lead to different response at high altitudes.

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Two novel tetraphenylethylene-skeleton salamo-type fluorescent probes: Specific recognition of cyanide through different response patterns

New Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d1nj03608d ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yin-Xia Sun ◽

Zhuang-Zhuang Chen ◽

Geng Guo ◽

Ruo-Yu Li ◽

Ting Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluorescent Probes ◽

Response Patterns ◽

Specific Recognition ◽

Different Response

Based on tetraphenylethylene as the skeleton, two novel salamo-type fluorescent probes (TPES1 = 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde O-(3-(((-2-hydroxy-5-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)benzylidene)amino)oxy)propyl) oxime and TPES2 = bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde O-(3-(((2-hydroxy-5-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)benzylidene)amino)oxy)propyl) dioxime) were designed and synthesized. Through the colorimetric and...

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Exploring the Role of Complexity, Content and Individual Differences in Aesthetic Reactions to Semi-Abstract Art Photographs

Art & Perception ◽

10.1163/22134913-20191139 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 89-119

Author(s):

Nathalie Vissers ◽

Pieter Moors ◽

Dominique Genin ◽

Johan Wagemans

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

A Priori ◽

Data Driven ◽

Future Research ◽

Response Patterns ◽

Online Study ◽

Exploratory Data ◽

Science Collaboration ◽

Set Up ◽

Different Response

Artistic photography is an interesting, but often overlooked, medium within the field of empirical aesthetics. Grounded in an art–science collaboration with art photographer Dominique Genin, this project focused on the relationship between the complexity of a photograph and its aesthetic appeal (beauty, pleasantness, interest). An artistic series of 24 semi-abstract photographs that play with multiple layers, recognisability vs unrecognizability and complexity was specifically created and selected for the project. A large-scale online study with a broad range of individuals (n = 453, varying in age, gender and art expertise) was set up. Exploratory data-driven analyses revealed two clusters of individuals, who responded differently to the photographs. Despite the semi-abstract nature of the photographs, differences seemed to be driven more consistently by the ‘content’ of the photograph than by its complexity levels. No consistent differences were found between clusters in age, gender or art expertise. Together, these results highlight the importance of exploratory, data-driven work in empirical aesthetics to complement and nuance findings from hypotheses-driven studies, as they allow to go further than a priori assumptions, to explore underlying clusters of participants with different response patterns, and to point towards new venues for future research. Data and code for the analyses reported in this article can be found at https://osf.io/2fws6/.

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Unequal sex ratios in longline catches

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315401003629 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 187-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

P. Wirtz ◽

T. Morato

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Feeding Behaviour ◽

Sex Ratios ◽

The Other ◽

Size Difference ◽

Longline Fishery ◽

Significant Bias ◽

Different Response ◽

The Given

There is sometimes a significant bias in the sex ratio of fish caught by longline. Usually, more females than males are caught. The possible reasons for unequal sex ratios in longline catches are listed and discussed. One sex could be more common in the area where the fishery takes place because there really is an unequal sex ratio in the population or because the other sex preferentially occurs in different places. Alternatively, longline fishery might preferentially catch one of the sexes. This could be a result of size difference between the sexes and thus a different response to the given hook size or bait size. Finally, sexes could differ in their feeding behaviour. There is growing evidence that females—not only of fish—are ‘energy maximizers’: they find food faster and spend more time feeding than do males. Thus, fishing methods using bait are likely to catch a higher proportion of females than fishing methods that do not use bait.

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The Effect of Light Intensity on the Expression of Leucoanthocyanidin Reductase in Grapevine Calluses and Analysis of Its Promoter Activity

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes11101156 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1156

Author(s):

Jing Cheng ◽

Keji Yu ◽

Mingyue Zhang ◽

Ying Shi ◽

Changqing Duan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Promoter Activity ◽

Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽

Response Patterns ◽

Flavonoid Pathway ◽

Leucoanthocyanidin Reductase ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Intensity Changes ◽

Different Response ◽

Effect Of Light

To investigate the effect of light intensity on flavonoid biosynthesis, grapevine calluses were subjected to high light (HL, 250 μmol m−2 s−1) and dark (0 μmol m−2 s−1) in comparison to 125 μmol m−2 s−1 under controlled conditions (NL). The alteration of flavonoid profiles was determined and was integrated with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq)-based transcriptional changes of the flavonoid pathway genes. Results revealed that dark conditions inhibited flavonoid biosynthesis. Increasing light intensity affected flavonoids differently—the concentrations of flavonols and anthocyanins as well as the expressions of corresponding genes were less affected, whereas flavan-3-ol concentrations were predominantly increased, which caused enhanced trans-flavan-3-ol concentrations. Moreover, genes encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) exhibited different response patterns to light intensity changes—VviLAR1 expression increased with an increased light intensity, whereas VviLAR2 expression was insensitive. We further confirmed that the known transcription factors (TFs) involved in regulating flavan-3-ol biosynthesis utilized VviLAR1 as a target gene in grapevine calluses. In addition, VviLAR1 promoter activity was more sensitive to light intensity changes than that of VviLAR2 as determined using a transgenic Arabidopsis leaf system. These results suggested that light intensity had the most prominent effect on trans-flavan-3-ols in grapevine calluses and demonstrated that the two LAR genes had different response patterns to light intensity changes.

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Does Sport Affect Health and Well-Being or Is It the Other Way Around? A Note on Reverse-Causality in Empirical Applications

Journal of Sports Economics ◽

10.1177/1527002520967400 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 218-226

Author(s):

Jing Guan ◽

J. D. Tena

Keyword(s):

Well Being ◽

The Other ◽

Reverse Causality ◽

Individual Level ◽

Level Data ◽

Great Relevance ◽

Causal Impact ◽

Different Response ◽

Health And Well Being ◽

Response Variables

Estimating the causal impact of sport or physical activity on health and well-being is an issue of great relevance in the sport and health literature. The increasing availability of individual level data has encouraged this interest. However, this analysis requires dealing with two types of simultaneity problem: (1) between exercise and response variables; and (2) across the different response variables. This note discusses how the previous literature has dealt with these two questions with particular attention paid to the use of seemingly aseptic econometric models proposed by some recent empirical papers. Regardless of the approach, identification necessarily requires the use of untestable hypotheses. We provide some recommendations based on analyzing the robustness of the estimation results to changes in the adopted identification assumptions.

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Two 3d-4f metal-organic frameworks as fluorescent sensor array for the discrimination of phosphates based on different response patterns

Sensors and Actuators B Chemical ◽

10.1016/j.snb.2020.128757 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 324 ◽

pp. 128757 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shi Zhe Du ◽

Zhe Sun ◽

Lei Han ◽

Min Qing ◽

Hong Qun Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sensor Array ◽

Fluorescent Sensor ◽

Metal Organic Frameworks ◽

Response Patterns ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Different Response

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An Antimethanogenic Nutritional Intervention in Early Life of Ruminants Modifies Ruminal Colonization by Archaea

Archaea ◽

10.1155/2014/841463 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Leticia Abecia ◽

Kate E. Waddams ◽

Gonzalo Martínez-Fernandez ◽

A. Ignacio Martín-García ◽

Eva Ramos-Morales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Composition ◽

Early Life ◽

Archaeal Community ◽

Nutritional Intervention ◽

The Other ◽

Period 2 ◽

Different Response ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

The aim of this work was to study whether feeding a methanogen inhibitor from birth of goat kids and their does has an impact on the archaeal population colonizing the rumen and to what extent the impact persists later in life. Sixteen goats giving birth to two kids were used. Eight does were treated (D+) with bromochloromethane after giving birth and over 2 months. The other 8 goats were not treated (D−). One kid per doe in both groups was treated with bromochloromethane (k+) for 3 months while the other was untreated (k−), resulting in four experimental groups: D+/k+, D+/k−, D−/k+, and D−/k−. Rumen samples were collected from kids at weaning and 1 and 4 months after (3 and 6 months after birth) and from does at the end of the treating period (2 months). Pyrosequencing analyses showed a modified archaeal community composition colonizing the rumen of kids, although such effect did not persist entirely 4 months after; however, some less abundant groups remained different in treated and control animals. The different response on the archaeal community composition observed between offspring and adult goats suggests that the competition occurring in the developing rumen to occupy different niches offer potential for intervention.

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THE FUNCTIONAL DISSECTION OF AN ANTIGEN MOLECULE: SPECIFICITY OF HUMORAL AND CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSES TO GLUCAGON

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.133.6.1294 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 133 (6) ◽

pp. 1294-1308 ◽

Cited By ~ 96

Author(s):

George Senyk ◽

E. Brady Williams ◽

Danute E. Nitecki ◽

Joel W. Goodman

Keyword(s):

Lymphoid Cells ◽

Delayed Hypersensitivity ◽

Response Patterns ◽

Amino Terminal ◽

Transforming Activity ◽

The Difference ◽

Different Response ◽

Carboxy Terminal ◽

Cellular Immune ◽

Immune Assays

Bovine glucagon, a polypeptide of 29 amino acids, was immunogenic in guinea pigs. The immunologic determinants of glucagon were investigated using isolated tryptic peptides of the hormone. Antibodies from virtually all of more than two dozen animals had specificity primarily for the amino-terminal heptadecapeptide (NM) and showed little or no binding with the carboxy-terminal undeca- and dodecapeptides (C). The smallest synthetic peptide of a series initiated at residue 16 which measurably bound antibody comprised residues 5–16 of glucagon. In cellular immune assays, both NM and C elicited delayed cutaneous reactions and inhibited the migration of peritoneal cells from immune animals. However, only intact glucagon and its C fragment stimulated lymphoid cells to synthesize DNA. While glucagon was somewhat more active than C, the addition of NM to C did not enhance its transforming activity. The smallest synthetic carboxy-terminal peptide with discernible transforming activity comprised residues 19–29 of glucagon. In both native and synthetic C peptide preparations, the undecapeptide was generally more active than the dodecapeptide, although cells from different animals gave different response patterns. The difference between the two is the presence of arginine at the amino-terminus of the peptide chain. Thus, the recognition specificity of populations of antigen-reactive cells from different animals displays a variation which is at least superficially analogous to that of populations of antibody molecules. In limited experiments using NM and C peptides as immunogens, neither gave rise to delayed hypersensitivity or to glucagon-binding circulating antibody, following a regimen which invariably provoked these responses when glucagon itself served as the immunogen. These results indicate that glucagon was cleaved by trypsin along functional lines into two parts, one of which housed the major antigenic determinant and the other of which carried the major immunogenic determinant, and they are highly compatible with a two-cell mechanism of immune induction. An apparent dissociation between the capacity to provoke delayed hypersensitivity reactions and to transform antigen-reactive cells in culture was observed.

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