The use of near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy (nirs) for the evaluation of forages. The application to undried silage

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 221-221
Author(s):  
C W Baker ◽  
D I Givens
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Wet Chemistry ◽  
Advisory Service ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Routine Basis

NIRS is now a familiar tool in the assessment of forage and feedingstuff quality. Recently NIRS has been applied to the direct prediction of in vivo organic matter digestibility (OMD) of grass silages (Barber et al 1990) and cereal straws (Givens et al 1991).The Agricultural Development and Advisory Service (ADAS) has been using NIRS to predict the in vivo OMD of oven dried silages on a routine basis since 1989, and it has proved to be reliable, accurate and rapid. In addition to OMD, crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fibre (NDF), are routinely predicted by NIRS, leaving pH, ammonia, dry matter and ash still to be determined by wet chemistry methods.

scholarly journals The influence of the method of preservation of forages on the digestion in dairy cows. 1. Composition of the forages and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and nitrogen.

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
S. Tamminga ◽  
C.J. van der Koelen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Apparent Digestibility

1. Grass from the same sward was ensiled without additive, with 14.6 g formic acid/100 g crude protein or 10.8 g formic acid and 10.6 g formaldehyde/100 g crude protein. Similar grass was dried and pelleted. Drying or ensiling with the mixture reduced solubility of N in the preserved grass but formic acid increased it, and ensiling without additive increased it even more. Apparent digestibility of N in the rumen of cows tended to decrease with decrease in solubility. Digestibility in vitro of the mixed diet given to the cows, calculated from digestibility of the separate components, agreed well with the values in vivo for diets with silages, but was high for that with dried grass. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Effects of Cultured Yeast Supplementation on Growing Kids Fed With Napier Grass-Concentrate Ration

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Mark Abela ◽  
◽  
Lolito Bestil ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Ruminal Fluid

An In vivo experiment was conducted to assess the effects of live yeast supplementation on the performance of six-month-old young goats. Specifically, it investigated the effects of cultured yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation of the dry matter intake, growth performance, fluctuation in ruminal fluid pH and rumen bacterial count, as well as on the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein of the napier grass-concentrate ration. The addition of cultured yeast at two grams/ 10 mL distilled water generally increased dry matter intake and weight gain of the young goats, but did not significantly affected bacterial count and ruminal fluid pH. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein of the napier grass-concentrate ration increased with the addition of cultured yeast. Yeast supplementation of one gram/ 10 mL distilled water enhaced nutrient intake and utilization of the napier grass-concentrate ration.

Laboratory analyses of the nutritional value of western Queensland browse feeds

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (98) ◽  
pp. 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJF McDonald ◽  
JH Ternouth
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

Seventy samples of browse feeds, collected during late autumn and spring of 1971 from 42 western Queensland shrubs and trees, were subjected to laboratory analyses of the proximate fractions and in vitro digestibility. Crude protein, crude fibre and nitrogen-free-extract fractions ranged between 65 and 242, 55 and 353 and 425 and 71 1 g kg-1 dry matter, repectively. The in vitro dry matter digestibility coefficients ranged between 0.22 and 0.86. Comparisons of 15 browse feeds collected in April-May and October indicated a higher crude protein content (P < 0.05) and in vitro digestibility (P .= 0.01) and lower crude fibre (P < 0.01) and ash (P < 0.01 ) content in spring samples for most species. Nine browse feeds of known in vivo dry matter and organic matter digestibility were subjected to in vitro digestibility analysis. Whilst the in vitro and in vivo dry matter digestibilities were similar (0.43 and 0.45, respectively) the mean in vitro organic matter digestibility was substantially lower than the corresponding in vivo digestibility (0.40 and 0.46, respectively).

Rumen microbial counts and in vivo digestibility in buffaloes and cattle given different diets

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Puppo ◽  
S. Bartocci ◽  
S. Terramoccia ◽  
F. Grandoni ◽  
A. Amici
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Microbial Counts

AbstractRuminal bacterial counts and in vivo digestibility were determined on four Mediterranean buffalo bulls and four Friesian bulls, all fistulated at the rumen, and given at maintenance level (50 g/kg M0·75 per day of dry matter) four different diets with the same crude protein content (N ✕ 6·25 = 140 g/kg dry matter) and with forage: concentrate ratios as follows: diet D12·5 = 0·875: 0·125; diet D25·0 = 0·75: 0·25; diet D37·5 = 0·625: 0·375; diet D50·0 = 0·5: 0·5. All the animals received the diets during four consecutive periods in a Latin-square design. Buffaloes had higher total microbial counts (10·78 v. 10·08 log10cells per g dry rumen content, P < 0·01) as compared with cattle; differences in total ruminal bacterial counts among the diets were only observed within the buffalo species (diet D12·5 v. diets D25·0, D37·5, D50·0: 10·04 v. 10·92, 10·98, 11·17 log10cells per g dry rumen content, P 0·01) and when comparing the two species for each diet, significantly higher values for bacterial counts in buffaloes were found for diets D25·0: 10·92 v. 10·28 (P 0·05), D37·5: 10·98 v. 10·08 (P 0·01) and D50·0: 11·17 v. 9·76 (P 0·01) log10cells per g dry rumen content. Cattle showed significantly higher digestibility values for: organic matter (0·696 v. 0·676, P 0·05), neutral-detergent fibre (NDF; 0·548 v. 0·511, P 0·05) and cellulose (0·621 v. 0 · 509, P 0·01), while the crude protein digestibility (CPD) values were similar (0·667 and 0·671). Comparing the two species for each diet, cattle showed significantly higher digestibility values for organic matter in diet D50·0 only (0·714 v. 0·688, P 0·01), for NDF in diet D12·5 only (0·578 v. 0·531, P 0·05) and for cellulose in all diets (0·660 v. 0·546, 0·630 v. 0·525, 0·605 v. 0·505, 0·588 v. 0·460, P 0·01); in contrast buffaloes showed higher values of the CPD for diet D12·5 (0·662 v. 0·632, P 0·05).

In vitro and in vivo digestibility of soya-bean straw treated with various alkalis

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Felix ◽  
R. A. Hill ◽  
B. Diarra
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Alkali Concentration

ABSTRACTThree trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of treating soya-bean straw with various alkalis plus ensiling on digestibility of various nutrients and on nitrogen retention in ruminants. Soya-bean straw was treated with sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide and ensiled at 650 g/kg moisture. In trial 1, the effects of level and type of alkali on in vitro digestibility of ensiled soya-bean straw were evaluated. Concentrations of alkalis used were 0 (control), 20, 30, 40 and 50 g/kg dry matter. Both in vitro digestibilities of dry matter and organic matter of soya-bean straw were significantly (P < 0·05) increased with alkali treatment at all levels plus ensiling compared with untreated or treated unensiled straw. The 40 g/kg alkali concentration level in combination with ensiling appeared to be the most effective overall. In trial 2, the effects of type of alkali on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention in wether lambs were evaluated. Sixteen wether Suffolk lambs were given untreated or alkali-treated (40 g/kg) ensiled soya-bean straw. Treatments were: (1) water-treated straw; (2) NaOH-treated straw: (3) Ca(OH)1-treated straw; and (4) NH4OH-treated straw. Lambs given NH4OH-treated ensiled straw digested the dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein better than those given water-treated ensiled straw (P < 0·05). NH4OH improved nitrogen intake by proportionately 0·181 but not nitrogen retention. For trial 3, eight Angus steers were used. Chopped soya-bean straw was treated with NH4OH and ensiled in Silopress bags. Treatments were: (1) untreated dry straw; (2) water-treated straw; (3) 30 g/kg NH4OH-treated straw; and (4) 40 g/kg NH4OH-treated straw. The trial consisted of a 7-day collection period which was replicated once. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein and various fibre constituents were increased by ensiling or ensiling and NH4 OH treatment combinations (P < 0·05). Alkali treatments in combination with ensiling appeared to improve digestibility of soya-bean straw, but ammoniation did not improve nitrogen utilization. Ensiling appeared to have a more significant effect than alkali treatments per se on the degradability of soya-bean straw.

Intakes andin vivoapparent digestibilities of four types of conserved grass forage by ponies

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. S. Moore-Colyer ◽  
A. C. Longland
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Gross Energy

AbstractThe intakes and in vivo apparent digestibilities (AD) of four forages: hay (H), haylage (HY), big-bale silage (BB) and clamp silage (CS), were investigated in Welsh cross pony geldings (live weight (LW) ca. 330 kg). The trial was a 4✕4 Latin-square design with diets offered at 1•65 g/kg dry matter (DM) per100 kg LW per day, in two equal meals. Food and faecal samples were analysed for DM, organic matter, crude protein (CP), gross energy, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) composition and content. Significant differences (P < 0·05) in DM intakes (DMI) g/kg M0·75were recorded between foods, where HY = BB = H > CS. For all measurements AD was significantly (P < 0·05) higher for BB and CS than for H, with HY being intermediate in all but digestibilities of Ca and Mg. Digestibility of NSP of BB and CS were significantly (P < 0·05) greater than for H and HY. The digestible energy (DE) of H, HY, BB and CS were 5·75, 9·09, 9·83 and 11·98 MJ/kg DM respectively, which coupled with the corresponding DMI resulted in all foods but H meeting the theoretical daily DE requirements of the ponies. Similarly, theoretical digestible CP requirements were met on all diets except H. NSP fractions accounted for 0·5 of daily DE in both H and BB, which were significantly (P < 0·05) higher than for CS and HY at 0·4 and 0·2 respectively. These results indicate that CS, BB and HY are readily digested by ponies and thus offer suitable high-energy alternatives to hay in horse rations.

Digestibility and voluntary intake by sheep of five Digitaria species

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (127) ◽  
pp. 494 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Minson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Data are reported on the voluntary intake and digestibility by sheep of five species of Digitaria when grown as swards, cut at five different stages of growth and analysed for neutraldetergent solubles, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, N, S, Na, K, P, Ca, Mg, Si, Cu, Mn, and Zn. Digitaria setivalva was superior to the other four species in in vivo digestibility of the dry matter, organic matter and energy (5.2 percentage units), content of metabolizable energy (5.3%), voluntary intake of dry matter (8 0%) and voluntary intake of metabolizable energy (18.1 %). This superiority was associated with a higher content of digestible neutral-detergent solubles and cellulose. The metabolizable energy contents of the grasses were significantly correlated with dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility, content of digestible dry matter and concentrations of crude protein, neutral-detergent fibre, acid-detergent fibre, lignin and combinations of these different fractions.

The use of near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict voluntary intake of grass silage by lambs and dairy cows

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 215-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
D S Percival ◽  
N W Offer ◽  
C Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Electrometric Titration ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Hplc Data

The greatest error in formulating rations is due to the inaccuracy of prediction of silage dry matter intake (SDMI). Until recently, predictions have been based on die method of Lewis (1981) which predicts intake from traditional silage analysis :- dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DOMD) and ammonia N. Recently, the incorporation of new feed characterisation data, obtained from electrometric titration (ET), has unproved predictions (Offer et al., 199S). A 4 year study has yielded data to evaluate alternative methods for the prediction of SDMI using traditional, ET and HPLC data and spectral information obtained by near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) of fresh and dried samples.

Studies On Browse Plants in Ghana II. Digestibility, (d) Digestibility Of Grewia Carpinifolia From The Accra Plains, Using Local Cattle As Experimental Animals

1966 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
G. L. Mabey ◽  
R. Rose Innes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Accra Plains

SummaryDigestibility of the palatable indigenous shrub Grewia carpinifolia was investigated. Digestion coefficients (%) were—organic matter 70, dry matter 70, crude protein 78, crude fibre 54, nitrogenfree extract 81, ether extract 13 and ash 52. Calculated nutritive values were—starch equivalent 27.3 and digestible crude protein 5.0, giving a nutritive ratio of about 1 : 5. The material used was moderately young.

scholarly journals Introducing Mediterranean Lupins in Lambs’ Diets: Effects on Growth and Digestibility

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 942
Author(s):  
Mariana Almeida ◽  
Sofia Garcia-Santos ◽  
Ana Nunes ◽  
Sara Rito ◽  
Jorge Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Livestock Feeding

Lupins are suitable candidates to replace soybean meal in livestock feeding in the Mediterranean area, presenting a solution for the European Union’s dependence on soybean importations. This study aimed to assess the effect of incorporating Lupinus albus and Lupinus luteus into Churra da Terra Quente lambs’ diets on growth performance and digestibility. Two trials were conducted over two years. In trial 1, two experimental diets containing 50 g/kg Lupinus albus and 50 g/kg Lupinus luteus were tested. In trial 2, lambs were fed with diets containing higher incorporations of Lupinus luteus (100, 150, and 200 g/kg: LL10, LL15, and LL20, respectively). Total dry matter, hay dry matter, and crude protein intake were calculated, as well as average daily gains. At the end of the growth trials, dry matter, organic matter, and NDF digestibility was determined. Incorporating 50 g/kg of lupins did not affect (p > 0.05) the performance. Lambs fed on LL20 diets presented the lowest HDMI and CPI values (p < 0.05). The highest intakes (p < 0.05) were observed from LL15 lambs. No differences were found in apparent digestibility coefficients between diets (p > 0.05), except for NDF digestibility which was highest (p < 0.05) for LL20. The optimum level of lupin inclusion in lambs’ diets seems to be 150 g/kg.

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